Alternative Energy for the Home Toe River Valley Legacy Workshop 11/3/2006 Brent Summerville Western North Carolina Renewable Energy Initiative.
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Alternative Energy for the Home Toe River Valley Legacy Workshop 11/3/2006 Brent Summerville Western North Carolina Renewable Energy Initiative Western NC Renewable Energy Initiative (WNCREI) Appalachian State University Project Wind Solar Microhydro wind.appstate.edu Call or email for a consultation [email protected] 828-262-7333 Interested in Producing Your Own Power? Start With Efficiency “Every watt not used is a watt that doesn’t have to be produced, processed, or stored.” Richard Perez Assessment How do you know how much energy you need? Electric bill Average US household uses 850 kWhrs/month = 28 kWhrs/day Minimize your energy use Going off grid?...Do a load assessment!! Grid tie?... Reduce your utility bill, sell green power. New Construction? Build It Right •creating energy efficient buildings •increased use of alternative energy sources •sustainable development •using green building materials •decreasing use of natural resources •preserving topsoil and trees •reducing storm water runoff www.wncgbc.org Microhydro Most of that global hydro power is produced by largescale hydroelectric plants Here, we will be talking about hydro micro •Small in scale •Minimum environmental impact •Site specific: you must have the resource •Affordable •Wind and solar power are also good but the resources are intermittent; hydro is more consistent. •Produces continuously, 24/7 Small turbines are turned by falling water. That turning motion drives a generator which produced electricity. With the high head situations we commonly see in the mountains, small pelton wheels turgo runners are commonly used. You need two things to make power Head and Flow Measuring Head Sight level (2 people) Eye level Measuring Head Pipe with pressure gauge at the bottom (1 person) 2.31 feet = 1 psi This gauge reads 38 psi 38 psi x 2.31 feet/psi = 88 ft of head Flow: 5 gallon bucket Typical method for microhydro Fun and easy This may be tricky… 5 gallon bucket If the measured flow using a 5 gallon bucket and a stop watch was 5 gallons in 1.5 seconds, how many GPM would this be? 5 gal 60 sec 200GPM 1.5 sec 1 min Or just remember …300/Seconds = gallons per minute (GPM) Larger Streams Different Methods, different technology Float Method Weir The Intake Start of Penstock Filter and Silt Trap Flow from a dam Larger flows require larger silt traps Penstock PVC HDPE Factors to Consider: Penstock surface roughness of the pipe design pressure method of jointing weight and ease of installation accessibility of the site terrain soil type design life and maintenance weather conditions availability relative cost likelihood of structural damage The penstock delivers clean, pressurized water to the turbine… A union and hinge allows the turbine to be tilted back for servicing. Screw-type gate valves insures slow operation Nozzles Flow through the pipe is controlled by the nozzle size. Use the minimum amount of flow from the stream…up to ½ of the stream flow. Power Calculations Power (watts) = Net Head (ft) * Flow (GPM) 9-14 (use 10) 10 assumes a system efficiency of 53% Charts from Manufacturer of Turbine P.M. Alternator output in watts FEET OF NET HEAD GAL/M 25 50 75 100 200 300 3 - - - - 45 80 6 - - 30 45 130 180 10 - 40 75 95 210 300 15 25 75 110 150 320 450 20 40 100 160 240 480 600 30 65 150 250 350 650 940 50 130 265 420 600 1100 1500 100 230 500 750 1100 1500 - 200 - 580 900 1300 - - Harris Hydro The Harris system is an efficient, durable, battery charging pelton turbine with a PM generator. Probably the most abundant micro-hydro unit in the U.S. The multiple nozzle arrangement allows considerably more water to impact the runner, resulting in greater output at any head, and usable power at a much lower head. 1 nozzle $1700 2 nozzle $1800 4 nozzle $1950 www.harrishydro.com Energy Systems & Design Stream Engine Brushless, permanent magnet alternator which is adjustable Capable of outputs over 1 kilowatt Heads from 6 to 300 feet. Equipped with a rugged bronze turgo wheel, universal nozzles (adaptable to sizing from 1/8 to1 inch), and a digital multimeter which is used to measure output current. www.microhydropower.com 2 Nozzle Bronze 4 Nozzle Bronze High Voltage Option High Current Option $2395 $2545 $200 $100 Hydro Induction Power Good for long wire runs, 60' 500' head, 10 - 600 gpm The units produce 3-Phase 120V, 240V, or 480V 'wild' (unregulated) AC, which is then stepped down to battery voltage. The heavy-duty brushless alternator is housed on the Harris Housing Uses the Harris bronze Pelton Wheel for flows up to 200 gpm and the bronze Turgo Runner for flows of 200 to 600 gpm. www.hipowerhydro.com HV 600 with 2 Nozzles HV 600 with 4 Nozzles HV 1200 with 4 Nozzles HV 1800 with 4 Nozzles HV 3600 with 4 Nozzles Turgo option $2500 $2600 $3000 $3500 $5000 $600 Canyon Hydro Serious engineering 100 KW Canyon Crossflow Canyon 751 Canyon 2435 gpm KW gpm KW 50 139 1 1665 12 100 197 3 2415 36 200 277 8 3335 101 300 340 15 4084 185 www.canyonhydro.com Make your own www.otherpower.com Solar Learn from Nature Big Brains Oh yeah, the Sun Solar Thermal and Solar Photovoltaic Good Nuclear Power Pole Mounted PV Roof Mounted PV Solar Water and Space Heating Wind Energy Sizes and Applications Small (10 kW) • Homes • Farms • Remote Applications (e.g. battery charging, water pumping, gridtie) Intermediate (10-500 kW) • Village / Farm Power Large (500 kW – 6 MW) • Wind Farms • Distributed Power • Offshore Do you have the resource? Updated Hi-res Map Location and Percentage of High Quality Wind Resources in the US Class 6 (4.3%) Class 5 (6.3%) Class 4 & above 27.5% Western NC Wind Potential (old map) New Hi-Res North Carolina Wind Map North Carolina Coastal Resources 24 County Western NC Wind Map We are not in South Dakota Careful site analysis is important County maps available at: www.wind.appstate.edu Tax Parcel Data & Wind Map Anemometer Loan Program Wind Micrositing Where to put it Step 1: What do you want to do? Rule 1: Minimize Turbulence Turbulence cuts performance by reducing the effectiveness of the blades Rule 2: Minimum Tower Height 30’ above obstructions within 300 – 500’ Tower Height Depends on Terrain Rule 3: Stay upwind of obstacles Know the prevailing wind direction The turbine would like a clear view in that direction Small Wind Turbine Technology Southwest Windpower Flagstaff, Arizona www.windenergy.com Whisper 200 1000 W AIR 400 W Whisper 100 Whisper 500 900 W 3 kW (Now with grid-tie) Newest installation at Beech Mountain Southwest Windpower Skystream www.skystreamenergy.com Proven Engineering Products, Ltd. Scotland, United Kingdom www.provenenergy.com WT600 600 W WT2500 2.5 kW WT6000 6 kW Bergey Windpower Norman, Oklahomawww.bergey.com BWC XL.1 1 kW BWC Excel 10 kW Bergey 10kW installed this summer in Haywood County New Bergey 50kW Here is one at a Walmart in Texas …also working on a 5 kW machine AWP3.6 is no longer available….. Abundant Renewable Energy Newberg, Oregon www.abundantre.com ARE110 ARE442 10 kW 2.5 kW Wind Turbine Industries, Inc. Prior Lake, Minnesota www.windturbine.net Jacobs 31-20 20 kW (also: 23-10, 23-12.5, 26-15, 26-17.5) Estimated Annual output (kWh) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19727 25704 32297 39289 46468 53646 60665 67398 73743 WIND SPEED: Kilowatt Hrs. Homebuilt www.otherpower.com www.scoraigwind.com Fuhrländer Lorax Energy Systems, Rhode Island FL 250 250 kW www.lorax-energy.com FL 100 100 kW FL 30 30 kW Vestas, GE, Nordex, Mitsubishi, Clipper, Suzlon, Gamesa… BIG! Small Wind Turbine Towers Fixed Guyed Tower Tilt-Up Tower Self-Supporting Tower The Effect of Seasons and Time on Hybrid Power Systems Summer/ Daytime Winter/ Nightime PV modules and wind turbine Battery (storage) Loads (utilization) PV modules and wind turbine Battery (storage) Loads (utilization) 02770322 Solar and Wind Resources are Complimentary 400 Hours of sunshine or average wind power (Watts/m2) Data from SE Iowa 350 Hoursofof Hours sunshine/month Sunshine 300 250 200 Average wind power 150 100 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0277032 4 Incentives and Issues North Carolina Incentive Programs TVA Green Power Switch NC GreenPower NC Personal Renewable Energy Tax Credit NC Corporate Renewable Energy Tax Credit Green tags USDA Farm Bill …more at www.dsireusa.org TVA Green Power Switch Generation Partners Program Details Wind or PV (.5 – 50 KW) Residential or small commercial $.15/kWh credit Energy used on site is billed at standard rate www.tva.com/greenpowerswitch/partners/index.htm NC GreenPower Program www.ncgreenpower.org To improve the quality of the environment by encouraging the development of renewable energy resources through consumers’ voluntary purchase of green power. RFP process for green power No wind producers yet Green Power program initially quoted an estimate of .06/kwh Green Tags NC Net Metering Credited to a customer's next monthly bill, but reset to zero at the beginning of each summer (June 1) and winter (October 1) billing season. Any renewable-energy credits associated with net excess is granted to the utility when the balance is zeroed out. 20 kW for residential systems; 100 kW for non-residential systems Investor-owned utilities (Progress Energy, Duke Power, Dominion North Carolina Power) Photovoltaics, Landfill Gas, Wind, Biomass, Anaerobic Digestion NC Renewable Energy Tax Credits 35% for all technologies Can take tax credit over 5 years No more than half of tax liability No refund based on tax credit Residential Limits Credit Limits $1,400 residential solar domestic hot water $3,500 residential active space heating, combined solar hot water and space heating, passive space heating $10,500 residential biomass, wind, hydroelectric and photovoltaic or solar thermal electric USDA Farm Bill Section 9006 Farmers and Rural Small Business Owners Can Apply for: •25% from $2,500 to $500,000 •Or up to $10 million in guaranteed loans Contact H. Rossie Bullock Business Programs Specialist 440C Caton Rd. P.O. Box 7426 Lumberton, NC 28359-7426 Phone: (910) 739-3349 ext. 4 Fax: (910) 618-9444 email: [email protected] New Legislative Action Small Wind Tax Credit The U.S. House and Senate have introduced bills to create a 30% tax credit for the purchase of small wind systems used to power a home, farm or small business. Please contact your Members of Congress and ask them to cosponsor this legislation. Goto wind.appstate.edu Incentives Database www.dsireusa.org Local Installers Local Installers Solar Dynamics phones: 828-665-8507 and 828-231-9106 Fax 828-665-8507. e-mail: [email protected] 40 Green Valley Rd. Asheville NC 28806 www.solardynamicsnc.com Local Installers Sundance Power Systems, Inc. Phone: 828.689.2080 Fax: 828.680.9798 925 Beauty Spot Cove Mars Hill, NC 28754 [email protected] www.sundancepower.com Local Installers Appalachian Energy Services, LLC Solar Energy Solutions Seth Wiley Murphy, NC 828-278-2074 office 828-557-0940 cell [email protected] www.WNCsolar.com Local Installers Atomic Solar Burnsville, NC 28714 828-675-9643 Local Installers Appalachian Energy Solutions Kent Hively P.O. Box 103 Sugar Grove, NC 28679 828-773-9762 www.appalachianenergysolutions.com Thanks… Questions? Brent Summerville [email protected] 828-262-7333 wind.appstate.edu