Transcript LESSONS LEARNED & BEST PRACTICE OF TNAs IN INDONESIA NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAs Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007 Development.

LESSONS LEARNED & BEST
PRACTICE OF TNAs IN INDONESIA
NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAs
Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007
Development and Transfer of Technologies WG
Ministry of Environment – Agency for the Assessment and Application of
Technology
Sumatera
470,000 km2
Kalimantan
540,000 km2
Java
130,000 km2
Sulawasi
190,000 km2
Papua
420,000 km2
BACKGROUND
•
•
•
Indonesia consists of more than 13,000 islands with 5 big
islands.
Indonesia will be impacted seriously by climate change, a
number of islands will be impacted if sea level rise as
UNFCCC prediction. Important to involve in the activities
for reducing GHG emission to reduce climate change
impacts.
Unfortunately, fossil fuel energy will remain dominant in
the future national energy mix. The goal of national energy
security and environmental protection must be reconciled.
We need to drive the national technology system toward
low carbon and carbon free energy technologies.
EXISTING INDONESIAN WORKING GROUP ON
CLIMATE CHANGE
Indonesian Working Groups on Climate Change
Mitigation
Energy:
Adaption
Industry
Post Kyoto
Transfer of Technology
Transportation
Agriculture
Financial Mech.
Forestry
Forestry
Ocean
Energy
Waste
Working Group on Climate Change Activities: to undertake qualitative
policies and measures that lead to the our response to Climate change,
i.e. to stabilize concentration of GHGs at the safe level.
Working Group of Transfer of Technology Activities: to further derivation
and enrichment the previous project and to prioritize technology needs,
and capacity building to assess technology needs, modalities to acquire
and absorb them.
INSTITUTIONS IN TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER WORKING GROUP
• Ministry of Environments
• Ministry of Research and Technology
• Agency for the Assessment and Application of
Technology (BPPT)
• Governments Departments: Energy & Mineral
Resources, Forestry, Agriculture, etc.
• Meteorology and Geophysical Agency
• Indonesia State Electricity Company
• Private Sectors
• Universities
• NGOs
EXISTING INDONESIA LEGAL AND
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ON TT
• Presidential Decree No.5, 2006 on energy mix
by the year 2025
• Presidential Decree No.10, 2005 on energy
efficiency
• Plan to plant 2 billion trees in 10 years
• Government Target:
– Share of at least 17 % renewable energy.
– Emission reduction in industry, transportation,
Agriculture, waste, energy generation, forestry, and
other sectors.
NATIONAL ENERGY TRAJECTORY
PRIMARY ENERGY MIX 2005
Panas Bumi
1.32%
Tenaga Air
3.11%
Gas Bumi
28.57%
Minyak
Bumi
51.66%
t 1?
• Enhancing energy security & mitigating CO2
emissions: to secure strategic reserve, to improve
efficiency in energy production & use, to increase
reliance on non fossil fuels and to sustain the
domestic supply of oil/gas (slower growth in fossil
fuel-demand in oil/gas imports and in emissions).
• Proposed energy technology use, diffusion and
deployment, increasing clean energy technologies.
• Energy infrastructures and its time frame.
• Etc.
Batubara
15.34%
t 2?
t 3?
TARGET ENERGI MIX NASIONAL 2025
(PERPRES NO. 5/2006)
THE NATIONAL ENERGY ISSUES
What is the Sustainable Road Map?
Minyak Bumi ≤ 20%
t25
Gas Bumi
≥ 30%
EBT +
Others
≥ 17%
Bahan Bakar Nabati
(Biofuel) ≥ 5%
Panas Bumi ≥ 5%
Biomasa, Nuklir, Air,
Surya, Angin ≥ 5%
Batubara yang
Dicairkan (Coal
Liquefaction) ≥ 2%
Batubara ≥ 33%
LINKAGE BETWEEN ISSUED REGULATIONS IN POWER SECTOR
LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR INDONESIA POWER SECTOR, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION
DESCRIPTION
PT. PLN (PERSERO)
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT LEGAL &
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
INDONESIA POWER SECTOR LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
ELECTRICITY LAW
(GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA LAW NO. 15 / 1985)
<A>
ARTICLE 5
POINT 1
INFLUENCED BY
NATIONAL
ELECTRICITY
GENERAL PLAN 20062026
( MEMR DECREE NO.
2270K/31/MEM/2006)
<C>
POLICY,
STRATEGY,
NATIONAL
TARGET, AND
NATIONAL PLAN
ARTICLE 2
POINT 2
MODIFICATION OF
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
NO 10/1989 SUBJECT,
SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY
(GOVERNMENT REGULATION
NO.3/2005)
<B>
ARTICLE 5
POINT 1&2
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO.5/2006)
<D>
ASSIGNMENT TO PLN FOR ACCELERATION OF
COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS DEVELOPMENT
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 71/2006)
<E>
ESTABLISHMENT OF COORDINATION TEAM
FOR POWER PLANTS DEVELOPMENT.
(PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO,72/2006)
<F>
DERIVATION
CONSIDERING
SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION OF BIOFUEL AS
ALTERNATIVE FUEL
(PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO.1/2006)
<G>
LIQUEFIED COAL’S SUPPLY AND ITS
UTILIZATION
(PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION NO.2/2006)
<H>
·
·
IMPLEMENTING
RULES,
PROCEDURES
AND PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
·
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
BALANCE
INVESTMENT
REQUIRMENT
PROJECT LIST
LEGALIZATION OF
MODIFIED PLN ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY GENERAL PLAN/
RUPTL 2006-2015
(MEMR DECREE NO. 2923K/
30/MEM/2006)
<I>
POJECT DEVELOPMENT
AND IMPLEMENTATION
POWER PURCHASE AND TRANSMISSION RENTAL
GUIDELINES OF THE
ISSUANCE OF
PROCEDURE OF POWER
ELECTRICITY BUSINESS
PURCHASE AND/OR
LICENSE FOR
TRANSMISSION RENTAL
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
TRANSPROVINCE OR
FOR PUBLIC
CONNECTED TO NATIONAL
(MEMR REGULATION
GRID
NO.001/2006)
(MEMR REGULATION NO.
<J>
010/2005)
<L>
CRITICAL AREA
LIST OF POWER
SYSTEMS (AREAS)
IN CRITICAL
CONDITION
(EMERGENCY
CONDITION)
(MEMR REGULATION
NO. 206-12/40/600.2/
2006)
<M>
LIST OF POWER
SYSTEMS (AREAS)
IN CRITICAL
CONDITION
(EMERGENCY
CONDITION)
(MEMR
REGULATION NO.
482-12/40/600.2/
2006)
<N>
TO OBTAIN GOVERNMENT
SUPPORT/ GUARANTEE
COAL FIRED
POWER PLANT
CRASH
PROGRAM
COOPERATION
BETWEEN
GOVERNMENT AND
ENTERPRISES FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
(PRESIDENTIAL
REGULATION NO67/
2005)
<P>
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
MEDIUM SCALE
MEDIUM SCALE OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY
POWER PLANT
(MEMR REGULATION
NO. 002/2006)
<O>
RISK
MANAGEMENT
GUIDELINES FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
(MINISTRY OF
FINANCE
REGULATION
NO.38/PMK.01/2006)
<Q>
IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES IN INDONESIA
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
The immediate objective:
– to enable Indonesia to identify national technology needs,
– capacity building to asses international technology availability, and
– modalities to acquire and absorb the appropriate technology.
Sectors in Existing Indonesian TNA
• Energy Sector
– Energy Industry
– Industry Sector
– Household and Commercial Sector
– Transportation sector
• Non-Energy Sector
– Agriculture and Livestock
– Forestry
IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES IN INDONESIA
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
MODALITIES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
• Institutional Establishment
• Regulation Development
• Procedure of Transferring Technology
• The Role of Decentralization
• System & Procedure Establishment
• Financial Arrangement
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Foreign Direct Investment
Official Development Assistance
The Global Environmental Facility
Clean Development Mechanism
Multilateral & Bilateral Agencies
Regional Development Banks
Etc.
IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES IN INDONESIA
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
Criteria for prioritizing technology needs
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Utilization of local resources
Rational utilization of resources
Socio-economic important
GHG reduction potential
Investment cost
Social acceptance
Minimum impact on environment
Methods for prioritization of technology needs
– Cost–benefit and risk–benefit analyses
IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION
TECHNOLOGIES IN INDONESIA
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
• Indonesia listed barriers and measures sector-wise. Types of barriers
to technology transfer identified are:
– Economic / market
– Information/awareness
– Policy
– Regulatory
– Institutional
– Human
– Technical
– Infrastructure
• Indonesia expressed concern about the high investment costs of
selected mitigation options, which could translate into higher product
prices and loss of competitiveness in the case of the energy sector.
However, it identified barriers only in the transport, forestry and
agriculture sectors.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORKING
GROUP ACTIVITIES
Prioritizing of Indonesian TNA based on the Existing
TNA / Identification
Approach / Methodology:
• Technology transfer is intended to reduce the emission
intensity of the economic activities, which is determined
by the emission generated per unit of economy output.
• Derivation & enrichment of the existing TNA which also
refer to Conducting TNA for Climate Change , UNDP
2004.
• Further cost/benefit, risk/benefit and multi-criteria
analysis particularly in energy sector.
• Prioritizing the urgent Indonesian Technology Needs
(mapping)
EXPECTED SCHEDULE
Program
Choice of
Technology
week
(starting June 07)
1
2
WGTT
R
R
3
4
July
TNA Revision
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Aug
Sep
R
R
R
P
SWG Energy
R
P
P
P D
SWG Transportation
R
P
P
P D
SWG Industry
R
P
P
P D
SWG Forestry
R
P
P
P D
SWG Agriculture
R
P
P
P D
SWG Ocean
R
P
P
P D
Output
SWG Task
Distribution
D
TNA draft per sector
R= Meeting, P=Process, D= Draft, U =Proposal SWG sub working group
Technology
Priority
13
R
14
15
16
Oct
U
R
WGTT Input
to COP13
Indonesian
Position
COP13
EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN
INDONESIA
• High Efficiency Power Generation: Clean Coal Technology, CHP
Technology, etc.
• Energy Efficiency in Industrial sector (cement, iron & steel, pulp &
paper, fertilizer, textile, mining, lime calcination, chemical, etc.)
• Energy Efficiency in Industrial Equipments (Industrial process, electrical
motor, boiler, compressor, furnace, Refrigeration, heater, room
conditioning, cooling tower, electrical system, combustion, pump,
lighting, steam distribution, waste heat recovery, etc.
• Energy consumption efficiency in transportation including using gas for
vehicles including improvement of public transportation
• Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS)
• Cleaner Production Technology for Industry
• Renewable Energy: Biomass, Wind, Solar, Ocean, Geothermal, Hydro
electric, etc.
• Climate modification technology
• Climate monitoring & reporting system
PRIORITIZING PLAN OF TECHNOLOGY
NEEDS
• Technology Reducing CO2 Emission in Several Sectors:
Energy, Industry, Transportation, Forestry, Agriculture,
Ocean and Waste.
• Calculating CO2 Balance in several Sectors: forestry,
agriculture, wetland, ocean, river, energy, transportation,
industry and public utility (domestic waste landfill).
• Technology for Better Climate System Monitoring &
Reporting for Indonesia.
• Technology for Identify the Impact of Climate Change
Such as: Prediction of Temperature and Sea Level Rise
and Its Impact for Indonesia.
• New issue: Technology of Using Ocean for CO2 Sink (80%
of Indonesia Area is Ocean).
EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN
INDONESIA (continue..)
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avoiding forest burning, avoiding deforestation, forest conservation
and reforestation, etc.
Composting of agricultural waste, manure management, etc.
Landfill management to avoid methane release
Ocean Sequestration
Technology for water resources management
Industrial waste water treatment
Industrial solid waste treatment (recovery, composting of palm free
fruit bunch.
Etc
Other technology has already mentioned in Indonesian TNA 2001
(Identification of Less GHG Technology)
ENERGY BALANCE AND CARBON (C) EMISSION OF CHP
PLANTS AND SEPARATE POWER AND HEAT
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
BASE CASE INDUSTRY INVESTMENT COST, OPERATIONAL
AND MAINTENANCE COST, LIFETIME, EFFICIENCY
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
MITIGATION OPTIONS, TOTAL SYSTEM COST AND TOTAL CO2
RELEASED IN INDONESIA
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
BARRIERS AND THE INTENSITY
Barriers
Intensity
Economic/market
Information/awareness
Policy
Regulatory
Institutional
Human
Technical
Infrastructure
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Medium
High
High
CONCLUSION
• Technology Mapping as derivation and
enrichment from the previous Indonesian
TNA of 2001 is the main goal of the
Indonesian WGTT.
• Further the result will be used as an input
to other sectors nationally and regionally.
The prioritized technology is incorporated
in the climate change national action plan.