Transcript Needs for and experiences with technologies for adaptation to climate change Iulian Florin Vladu Technology Sub-programme Adaptation, Technology and Science Programme UNFCCC April 2008 Bangkok, Thailand.

Needs for and experiences with
technologies for adaptation to
climate change
Iulian Florin Vladu
Technology Sub-programme
Adaptation, Technology and Science
Programme
UNFCCC
April 2008
Bangkok, Thailand
1
This presentation will cover:

Technology framework and its thematic area on
technology needs and needs assessment

TNAs – definition and purpose. Priority needs for
technologies for adaptation of non-Annex I Parties

Synthesis of technologies for adaptation

Issues for consideration
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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1992
1994
UNCED Rio
de Janeiro
UNFCCC enters
into force
Major milestones for the technology process
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Ky oto Protocol
signed
2006
2008
Ky oto Protocol enters
into force
2010
2012
2030
First commitment period
???
MOP 1
COP and subsi diary bodies
UNFCCC proce ss
3
Ky oto
4
Buenos
Aires
5
6 I & II
7
8
Bonn The Hague Marrakesh New
and Bonn
Delhi
9
Milan
10
Buenos
Aires
Third period
Implementation of
the technology framework
Projects inventory,
financing,
networks of centres,
adaptation
technologies
Regional
workshops in
Asia, Africa, and
Latin America and
the Caribbean
Technology needs and needs
assessments
Technology framework
Second period
Consultative
process
Buenos Aires Plan of Actions
First period
Various issues
Berlin mandate
Development
and transfer of
technologies
2
Geneva
11
Montreal
12
13
14
15
16
17
Fourth period
Enhancing the implementation of
the technology framework
18
Other possible
approaches?
Maintain the same themes
EGTT reco mmendations for
enhancing the implementation
of the framework
Review of EGTT
1
Berlin
Technology information
Enabling environments
Capacity-building
Mechanisms (EG TT )
Innovative financing
Technologies for adaptation
SBSTA mitigation w orkshops and five-year work programme on adaptation
Dialogue on long- ter m cooperative actions
Processe s initiated at COP 11
Ad-Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol
CSD
TAR
2006
Guidelines
SAR
Johannesburg
Plan of Action
SR on
CCS
FAR
Millennium
declaration
SR on
MTI TT
IPCC
Programme for further
implementation of Agenda 21
AR4
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Integrated vision | Technology, policy and
investment
Technology development cycle
Technology
Stage
Phase
Availability
Type of barriers
- Identify
R&D
Research
Demonstration
Later
Soon
Long-term
Technical,
economic
technology
needs
Deployment
Demonstration
Mature market technologies
Government support for deployment
Competitive with incentives
Competitive without incentives
Now
Tomorrow
Near-term
Mid-term
Economic, technical, social
Market, economic, social
Investment
PPP
Policy
instruments
Pull instruments
- Enhance access toPush
technology
information
- ImproveXmtechnology
FCVs by 2025 (5mabsorption
in
Create 3500capacity
Sleipners Add 100X current US or Brazilian ethanol Add 2m 1-MW peak
Increase fuel economy for 2 billion cars
Choices
production
windmills
from 30 to 60 mpg
and New York)
(CCS and CDM)
- AssessCalifornia
technologies
for adaptation
concentrating
- Collaborative
CCS in power
sectorBiodiesel,
(CCS R&D
Energy-efficiency (e.g. vehicle fuel
solar
power,
IGCC,
fuel
cells,
Public
funds
Sources
Endogenous
technologies
advanced steam cyclePublic
with
economy improvements, motor and steam
Private
CCS
advanced
steam
cycle
Private funds
oxyfueling, CCS-IGCC),
systems, buildings and appliances),
with
The flue-gas
finacing separation
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,
renewable energy and reducing gas
Economic
incentives (e.g. adoption subsidies,
continuuum
Public
Private
Partnerships
ocean energy- Enabling
and fusion
flaring
environments
for technology transfer
Publicly funded R&D,
R&D
direct public sector investments and carbon
Subsidies and grants
tax credits
markets)
- Market creation and transformation
Governments contracts & specialized programs
- Regulatory approaches (e.g. emission taxes,
renewable
portfolio standards)
Concessional loans
& seed capital
- Legislative frameworks, and codes, labels and
Entrepreneur’s
equity(technology, performance)
standards
Types
-Options for innovative financing of technology transfer
Supplier credits & Build-Own-Transfer
- private financing advisory network
- EU - GEEREF
Corporate finance & project finance
- new multilateral technology cooperation fund
Instruments
Third party financing
Investment insurance & guarantees
Bank loans
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TNAs | What are they?

The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a
set of country-driven activities that identify and
determine the mitigation and adaptation technology
priorities of Parties,…, particularly developing country
Parties

They involve different stakeholders in a consultative
process to identify the barriers to technology transfer
and measures to address these barriers through
sectoral analyses

These activities may address soft and hard
technologies, such as mitigation and adaptation
technologies, identify regulatory options and develop
fiscal and financial incentives and capacity building
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | What are they?
The purpose of TNAs is to assist in identifying and
analysing priority technology needs, which can form
the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and
programmes which can facilitate the transfer of, and
access to, the ESTs and know-how in the
implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the
Convention

 TNAs are central to the work on technology transfer.
They follow a country-driven approach, bringing
together stakeholders to identify needs and develop
plans to meet those needs

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TNAs | Support, methodology and guidance

GEF has provided funding to 94 non-Annex I Parties to conduct
TNAs through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority
areas – enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”). 80
are being supported by UNDP and 14 by the UNEP. Some 34 TNA
reports are available

1 expert meeting to identify methodologies to conduct TNAs 
UNDP developed a simplified, user-friendly handbook on
Conducting TNAs for climate change The TNA handbook,
produced in collaboration with CTI, the EGTT and the secretariat,
was made available to Parties in 2004

CTI, in collaboration with UNDP, organized 3 regional workshops
to field-test and further develop the TNA handbook, to discuss
regional concerns and priorities in assessing technology needs
and to further assist Parties in conducting TNAs
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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Input from NC,
NAPAs,
national
development
plans
Mitigation
Adaptation
Activity 1: Prepare a preliminary overview of the sectors
Review GHG
inventory for
mitigation potential
Review national
plans in identified
sectors
Identify key sectors
and characteristics
Review available
vulnerability studies
Identify vulnerable
sectors
Review national
plans in vulnerable
sectors
Activity 2: Identify technology criteria for assessment
Prepare list of
sectors with
mitigation potential
Develop criteria to
apply to vulnerable
sectors
Activity 3: Prioritize sectors and select key technology(ies)
Compile a list of prioritized
mitigation technologies and
key sectors
Identify
characteristics of
prioritized sectors
Prioritize vulnerable
sectors
Compile responses
to address
vulnerability
Activity 4: Identify barriers and policy needs*
Conduct environmental technology
impact assessment
Assess capacity to
use mitigation
technologies
Conduct environmental technology
impact assessment
Assess capacity to
use adaptation
technologies
Cross-cutting issues
(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)
Review technology
options and
resources
Activity 5: Define and select options
Rank and select prioritized
mitigation technologies and
key sectors
Output to NC,
NAPAs national
development
plans
Identify practical
options for priority
sectors
Identify responses
and technologies
Rank and prioritize
applicable
technologies
Activity 6: Prepare a synthesis report
Summary report in NC
Full report (including a description of the stakeholder process adopted, an evaluation of sectoral needs
and opportunities…, a statement of data gaps, project concepts/proposals, potential sources of funding)
Communicate TNA findings
Implementation actions
Assess adequacy of
financial resources
Ensure transparency
Identify potential
synergies
Identify ways to
reduce barriers
Continue stakeholder
involvement
Revise plans as
needed
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TNAs | What are the priority technology needs?

Synthesis of technology needs assessments (TNAs) –
FCCC/SBSTA/2006/INF.1:
 Highlights priority technology needs to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and facilitate adaptation to the adverse impacts
of climate change based on information contained in 23 TNAs
and 25 initial national communications submitted by nonAnnex I Parties
 Draws attention to specific barriers to technology transfer and
suggests measures to address them, including through
capacity-building
 Highlights ways used to involve stakeholders in a consultative
process to conduct TNAs, including the methodologies and
criteria used to prioritize technology needs
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | How representative are their results?
Note: Similar activities are carried out for a TNA of adaptation,
but the tasks differ.
Source: TNA handbook.
Albania
    
Azerbaijan      
Bolivia
    
Burundi
    
Chile
    
China
    
Congo DR
    
Dominican     
Republic
Ecuador
 
 
Georgia
 


Ghana
    
Haiti
    
Indonesia
    
Kenya
    
Lesotho
    
Malawi
    
Mauritius
    
Moldova
 

Niue
   

Paraguay
    
Tajikistan
    
Viet Nam
    
Zimbabwe
 
 
Total 23 23 19 23 20 21
% 100 100 83 100 87 91













 


 

Totala
Per cent
Identify next steps
Project proposal
Describe stakeholder
participation
Identify capacity-building
needs
Identify measures
Country
Conduct initial review
Set criteria
Select key sectors
Prioritize technologies
Identify barriers
Table 4. An overview of the TNA process
Select target area
Figure 2. Main activities for conducting a TNA
for mitigation technologies
8
9
9
8
7
9
7
6
80
90
90
80
70
90
70
60
  8 80
 6 60
10 100


 8 80
10 100


10 100


9 90

9 90

  9 90
 4 40

   9 90
8 80

 
 

 9 90


 8 80
7 70


18
12
16 11 12
78
52
70 48 52




















Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs - how priorities were selected? |
How they relate to national development objectives?
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    
    
    
1 1 16 1 3
4.3 4.3 69.6 4.3 13.0
Per cent
Potential for reuse and recycle
Total
Recovery of water resources
Pollution reduction
Minimum impact on the environment
Social acceptance
Environmental
protection
Possibilities for replication


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


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

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21
91.3
Life time of the inv.
GHG reduction potential
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
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   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
1 1 1 16
4.3 4.3 4.3 69.6
Investment costs
Maintenance costs
Socio-economic importance




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
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0
0.0
Market
Potential for adaptation
Capacity-building
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1
4.3
Preserve sinks
Food security









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

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
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
14
60.9
Gender equality
Improvement in health and quality of life
 
 
 
 
 
 
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2 14
8.7 60.9
Environmental sustainability
Rational utilization of resources
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8
34.8
Climate
change
Utilization of local resources
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
Total
%
Wealth creation
Country
Employment generation
Development benefits
     12 54.5
     6 27.3
     1 4.5
     7 31.8
     2 9.1
     9 40.9
     13 59.1
     6 27.3
     1 4.5
     3 15.8
     8 42.1
     3 15.8
     7 36.8
     5 26.3
     6 31.6
     7 36.8
     5 26.3
     4 21.1
     4 21.1
     2 10.5
     6 31.6
     6 31.6
     5 26.3
3 9 13 2 0 0
13.0 39.1 56.5 8.7 0.0 0.0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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11
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Other
Other - 4.2%
Waste management - 29.2%
Agriculture & forestry - 33.3%
Transport - 50%
Crop management
Forestry
Freight
Unspecified public transport
Facilities
100
60
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
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# of technologies identified
40
Management & policy improvements
Industry - 79.2%
Vehicles
Aluminium industry
Fuel switching
Mining
Others
Bread making industry
Furnaces
Steel industry
Transmission - 25%
Energy - 91.7% of Parties
High efficiency motors
Cement Production
Miscellaneous industries
Boilers
Industrial energy efficiency
Miscellaneous
District heating
50
Buildings & residential - 87.5%
60
Other
Green buildings materials & design
Energy efficient appliances
Other
Advanced fossil fuel
Legacy improvements
70
Coal
80
Generation - 91.7%
90
CT
Unspecified power generation
GTCC
DSM
CHP (cogeneration)
RET
Per cent of Parties [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified mitigation
technologies in TNAs?
100
90
80
70
12
Capacity building
Tourism
Natural disasters
Systematic observation and monitoring
High water extremes
Other
70
60
25
40
20
30
15
10
0
# of technologies identified
Water - 37.5%
Vector-borne diseases
Water/food-borne diseases
Water harvesting
Other
Water transfers
Retreat - 16.7%
Protect - 20.8%
Coastal zone - 41.7%
Water recycling and conservation
Various retreat
Soft structural options
Other
Indigenous options
Hard structural options
Rise land and houses
50
Accomodate - 37.5%
Agriculture & fishery - 62.5% of Parties
Emergency planning
Improved drainage
Other
Fishery
Other (soft)
Food processing
Pest management
Improved drainage
Forestry
Livestock
Land management
Irrigation
Crop management
Per cent of Paries [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified adaptation
technologies in TNAs?
40
Health - 25%
35
30
20
10
5
0
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Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
Conditional phased-out development
Preventing development in areas near coast
Other - 7.5%
Accomodate
Other
Replacement Casements
Other
Coastal zone monitoring
Desalination plants
Soft - 12.5%
Protect
Raised houses and land
Early-warning systems
Improved drainage
Coastal zone laboratory
Other
5
Indigeneous - 7.5%
6
Mangrove plantations
Hand-placed rock sea walls (stone walls)
Stimulate growth of coral reefs naturally or artificially
Building-with-nature techniques
9
Periodic beach nourishment
Flooding and storm drains
Storm surge barriers
7
Hard - 27.5%
8
Creation of embankments
Gabions
Groynes
Bulkheads, seawalls, revertments
Dikes, levees, floodways, floodwalls
Per cent of coastal zone
technologies identified [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified technologies to
address sea-level rise?
10
Retreat
4
3
2
1
0
14
TNAs | What are main barriers to technology transfer
identified by country?
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
15
TNAs | What are main measures to address barriers
to technology transfer?
30
20
10
Others
Human
0
Infrastructure
5 56
8 89
0
0
4 44
6 67
6 67
4 44
9 100
5 56
6 67
2 22
0
0
7 78
8 89
7 78
40
Technical
56
56
78
67
11
89
78
0
Institutional
     
  
        
      
    
    
      

     
     
       
        
   
 
  
Total 16 16 16 18 13 11 13 6 7
Percent 70 70 70 78 57 48 57 26 30
5
5
7
6
1
8
7
0
Economic /
market








50
Information /
awareness








60
Policy
   
   

   
      

  
      
70
Regulatory
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
80
Per cent of Parties[%]
Country
Figure 13. Common measures identified to
address barriers
90
Per cent
Economic / market
Information / awareness
Policy
Regulatory
Institutional
Human
Technical
Infrastructure
Others
Total
Table 10. Type of measures identified
by country
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
16
TNAs | What are main capacity-building needs?
   
  
   

   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
  
 
  
0
67
44
33
11
0
33
2
4
0
8
2
2
6
3
7
3
0
1
1
8
8
5
22
44
0
89
22
22
67
33
78
33
0
11
11
89
89
56
40
30
20
10
0
Others
















0
6
4
3
1
0
3
Infrastructu re







Regulatory
   
   
   

   
   

 

  
   
   
   


  
Total 7 14 9 7
Percent 30 61 39 30







Economic / market
 

 

 
 
 
Technical







Policy / programme
  

 
  
  
  
  
50
Institutional /
org aniztional







60
Information / awareness
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
70
Human
Country
Figure 14. Common capacity-building needs
Per cent of Parties [%]
Economic / market
Information / awareness
Policy / programme
Regulatory
Institutional /
organizational
Human
Technical
Infrastructure
Others
Total
Per cent
Table 11. Type of capacity-building
needs identified by country
10 16 8 3 3
43 70 35 13 13
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
17
TNAs synthesis report | key findings

The TNA is an effective tool for decision makers and
international institutions that may be involved in the
facilitation of the technology transfer process. The
TNA process not only helps identify specific
technology needs, but also points out the direction in
which future policies and regulations will need to
progress

The main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that
conducted them, as these reports provide a good basis
for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer
of climate friendly technologies.
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
18
Synthesis of technologies for adaptation under
the NWP | Approach

Synthesis report on technologies for adaptation
identified in the submissions from Parties and relevant
organizations
 Mandated by SBSTA25
 Submissions prepared based on a structure provided by the
secretariat
 Part of submissions provided on adaptation approaches,
strategies, practices and technologies for adaptation at the
regional, national and local levels in different sectors, as well
as on experiences, needs and concerns
 Serve as an input to the NWP and to the work of the EGTT on
analysing and identifying ways to facilitate and advance
technology transfer activities, including those identified in the
technology transfer framework
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
19
NWP synthesis | National circumstances`and
Commonly reported sectors for TA






Others
Cross-cutting
Infrastructure
Biodiversity
Health
Water resources
Coastal zones

60





All information
50
Information under header 'technology '



3
13


7
23




9
39


6
26






11
37
10
33







20
10


12
52









14
61
30

6
26
0
2
9




 


 
 
6
3
7
1
26 13 30
4


Others






40
Health



Infrastructure






Biodiversity



Cross-cutting


Coastal zones



Total
Per cent
Agriculture and
fisheries




Water resources
IGO
IGO
IGO
IGO
NGO
NGO
NGO

Agriculture and
fisheries
CBD
FAO
WFP
WMO
IRI
Practical Action
Tyndall
Latin America and the Caribbean
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
North America
Latin America and the Caribbean
Europe
Latin America and the Caribbean
Europe
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
Europe
North America
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
Europe
Africa
Europe
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
North America
Subtotal
Per cent
Sectors
Submissions (%)
Argentina
NAI
Australia
AI
Austria
AI
Bangladesh
NAI, LDC
Canada
AI
Cuba
NAI, LDC, SIDS
Cyprus
AI
El Salvador
NAI
France
AI
Germany
AI
Japan
AI
Latvia
NAI
Malta
NAI
Mexico
NAI
Netherlands
AI
New Zealand
AI
Portugal
AI
Romania
AI
South Africa
NAI
Sweden
AI
Tajikistan
NAI
United Kingdom
AI
United States
AI
Local
Geographical scope
Region
National
Group
Regional
Country or
organizationa
  


17
57


16
53

8
27
2
7
7
23
4
13
8
27
2
7
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
20
12
0
Agriculture and
fisheries
(34 per cent)
Water resources
(24 per cent)
Cross-cutting
(18 per cent)
Health
(4 per cent)
Biodiversity
(5 per cent)
Coastal zones
(6 per cent)
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
Others
Infrastructure
(3.6 per cent)
10
Systematic observation and monitoring
Crop management
Land management
Water conservation
Information – communication
Livestock
Modelling
Insurance
Early warning
Water transfers
Water harvesting
Water recycling and conservation
Floods - modelling
Floods - structures
Forecasting
Information
Capacity-building
Floods - mapping
Mapping
Water resource management
Systematic observation and monitoring
Capacity-building
Early warning
Forecasting
Information
Insurance
Modelling
Systematic observation and monitoring
Emergency response
Information - communication network
Planning
Protect - hard
Protect - soft
Accommodate - codes and practices
Early warning
Protect - indigenous
Systematic observation and monitoring
Modelling
Unspecified
Coral reef
Information
Systematic observation and monitoring
Wetland conservation
Extreme events
Forecasting
Others
Systematic observation and monitoring
Unspecified
Urban planning
Roads, embankments
Early warning
Funds
Modelling
Number of technologies reported
NWP synthesis | Technologies commonly reported
by Parties and organizations
14
8
6
4
2
21
NWP synthesis | Types of technologies
Hard
0

10
20
Hard - soft
30
40
Soft - hard
50
60
Technologies were for implementation
of adaptation actions (e.g., in the
coastal zone sector such technologies
aimed to protect against sea level rise
(e.g. dykes in the Netherlands and
beach nourishment in Cuba); to retreat
from and limit the potential effects of
sea level rise (e.g. technologies to
relocate threatened buildings) and to
accommodate sea level rise by
increasing the ability of society to cope
with the effects (e.g. technologies to
prepare emergency plans, and to
modify land use and agricultural
practices).
Soft
70
80
90

Hard technologies, such as
drought-resistant crop varieties,
seawalls (e.g. in Male Island in the
Maldives) and irrigation
technologies (e.g. new or improved
irrigation systems in Portugal)

Soft technologies, such as crop
rotation patterns
100
Implementation
Information and awareness rais ing
0
10
20
30
40
Planning and designing
Monitoring and evaluation
50
60
70
80
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
90
100
22
NWP synthesis | Status of implementation and
geographical scope
Under
consideration
Under
development
21%
6%
Completed
5%
Ongoing
40%

Status of implementation of
technology related
activities reported by
Parties and organizations
Under
implementation
28%
Regional
23%
Local
33%

Geographical scope of
technologies cited in
submissions by Parties
and organizations
National
37%
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
23
NWP synthesis | Commonly reported concerns and
barriers for deployment of technologies for adaptation
Lack of human
capacity
10%
Lack of policy
15%
Technical
limitations
16%
Lack of
institutional
capacity
3%
Lack of financial
resources
30%
Lack of
information
Information and
awareness
26%
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
24
NWP synthesis | Issues for further cosnideration

What would be the specific policy implications for development,
deployment and diffusion of existing technologies (traditional and
modern) for adaptation within countries, taking into account the
important role of these technologies?

What could be done to develop high and future technologies and
make them available to countries highly vulnerable to the adverse
effects of climate change?

What criteria, if any, could be taken into account in addition to
benefits, including economic/financial and costs, equity and
social/legal acceptability, in choosing the adequate technologies
for adaptation?

Submissions highlighted that many activities reported relying on
existing technologies for coping with climate variability which
may also be important as technologies for adaptation to climate
change. What could be done to promote the development,
demonstration and deployment of such technologies for
Iulian Florin
VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
adaptation through national and international
mechanisms
25
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
26
THANK YOU!
[email protected]
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
27