Transcript Technologies needs assessments under the UNFCCC process Iulian Florin Vladu Technology Sub-programme Adaptation, Technology and Science Programme UNFCCC July 2007 Bangkok, Thailand.

Technologies needs assessments
under the UNFCCC process
Iulian Florin Vladu
Technology Sub-programme
Adaptation, Technology and Science
Programme
UNFCCC
July 2007
Bangkok, Thailand
1
This presentation will cover:

Technology framework and its thematic area on
technology needs and needs assessment

TNAs – definition and purpose

Priority technology needs of non-Annex I Parties

Opportunities for implementing the findings of TNAs

Issues for consideration
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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1992
1994
UNCED Rio
de Janeiro
UNFCCC enters
into force
Major milestones for the technology process
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Ky oto Protocol
signed
2006
2008
Ky oto Protocol enters
into force
2010
2012
2030
First commitment period
???
MOP 1
COP and subsi diary bodies
UNFCCC proce ss
3
Ky oto
4
Buenos
Aires
5
6 I & II
7
8
Bonn The Hague Marrakesh New
and Bonn
Delhi
9
Milan
10
Buenos
Aires
Third period
Implementation of
the technology framework
Projects inventory,
financing,
networks of centres,
adaptation
technologies
Regional
workshops in
Asia, Africa, and
Latin America and
the Caribbean
Technology needs and needs
assessments
Technology framework
Second period
Consultative
process
Buenos Aires Plan of Actions
First period
Various issues
Berlin mandate
Development
and transfer of
technologies
2
Geneva
11
Montreal
12
13
14
15
16
17
Fourth period
Enhancing the implementation of
the technology framework
18
Other possible
approaches?
Maintain the same themes
EGTT reco mmendations for
enhancing the implementation
of the framework
Review of EGTT
1
Berlin
Technology information
Enabling environments
Capacity-building
Mechanisms (EG TT )
Innovative financing
Technologies for adaptation
SBSTA mitigation w orkshops and five-year work programme on adaptation
Dialogue on long- ter m cooperative actions
Processe s initiated at COP 11
Ad-Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol
CSD
TAR
2006
Guidelines
SAR
Johannesburg
Plan of Action
SR on
CCS
FAR
Millennium
declaration
SR on
MTI TT
IPCC
Programme for further
implementation of Agenda 21
AR4
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Integrated vision | Technology, policy and
investment
Technology development cycle
Technology
Stage
Phase
Availability
Type of barriers
- Identify
R&D
Research
Demonstration
Later
Soon
Long-term
Technical,
economic
technology
needs
Deployment
Demonstration
Mature market technologies
Government support for deployment
Competitive with incentives
Competitive without incentives
Now
Tomorrow
Near-term
Mid-term
Economic, technical, social
Market, economic, social
Investment
PPP
Policy
instruments
Pull instruments
- Enhance access toPush
technology
information
- ImproveXmtechnology
FCVs by 2025 (5mabsorption
in
Create 3500capacity
Sleipners Add 100X current US or Brazilian ethanol Add 2m 1-MW peak
Increase fuel economy for 2 billion cars
Choices
production
windmills
from 30 to 60 mpg
and New York)
(CCS and CDM)
- AssessCalifornia
technologies
for adaptation
concentrating
- Collaborative
CCS in power
sectorBiodiesel,
(CCS R&D
Energy-efficiency (e.g. vehicle fuel
solar
power,
IGCC,
fuel
cells,
Public
funds
Sources
Endogenous
technologies
advanced steam cyclePublic
with
economy improvements, motor and steam
Private
CCS
advanced
steam
cycle
Private funds
oxyfueling, CCS-IGCC),
systems, buildings and appliances),
with
The flue-gas
finacing separation
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,
renewable energy and reducing gas
Economic
incentives (e.g. adoption subsidies,
continuuum
Public
Private
Partnerships
ocean energy- Enabling
and fusion
flaring
environments
for technology transfer
Publicly funded R&D,
R&D
direct public sector investments and carbon
Subsidies and grants
tax credits
markets)
- Market creation and transformation
Governments contracts & specialized programs
- Regulatory approaches (e.g. emission taxes,
renewable
portfolio standards)
Concessional loans
& seed capital
- Legislative frameworks, and codes, labels and
Entrepreneur’s
equity(technology, performance)
standards
Types
-Options for innovative financing of technology transfer
Supplier credits & Build-Own-Transfer
- private financing advisory network
- EU - GEEREF
Corporate finance & project finance
- new multilateral technology cooperation fund
Instruments
Third party financing
Investment insurance & guarantees
Bank loans
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TNAs | What are they?

The technology transfer framework defines TNAs as a
set of country-driven activities that identify and
determine the mitigation and adaptation technology
priorities of Parties,…, particularly developing country
Parties

They involve different stakeholders in a consultative
process to identify the barriers to technology transfer
and measures to address these barriers through
sectoral analyses

These activities may address soft and hard
technologies, such as mitigation and adaptation
technologies, identify regulatory options and develop
fiscal and financial incentives and capacity building
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | What are they?
The purpose of TNAs is to assist in identifying and
analysing priority technology needs, which can form
the basis for a portfolio of EST projects and
programmes which can facilitate the transfer of, and
access to, the ESTs and know-how in the
implementation of Article 4, paragraph 5, of the
Convention

 TNAs are central to the work on technology transfer.
They follow a country-driven approach, bringing
together stakeholders to identify needs and develop
plans to meet those needs

Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | Support, methodology and guidance

GEF has provided funding to 94 non-Annex I Parties to conduct
TNAs through its interim financing for capacity-building in priority
areas – enabling activities phase II (also known as “top-ups”). 80
are being supported by UNDP and 14 by the UNEP. Some 34 TNA
reports are available

1 expert meeting to identify methodologies to conduct TNAs 
UNDP developed a simplified, user-friendly handbook on
Conducting TNAs for climate change The TNA handbook,
produced in collaboration with CTI, the EGTT and the secretariat,
was made available to Parties in 2004

CTI, in collaboration with UNDP, organized 3 regional workshops
to field-test and further develop the TNA handbook, to discuss
regional concerns and priorities in assessing technology needs
and to further assist Parties in conducting TNAs
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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Input from NC,
NAPAs,
national
development
plans
Mitigation
Adaptation
Activity 1: Prepare a preliminary overview of the sectors
Review GHG
inventory for
mitigation potential
Review national
plans in identified
sectors
Identify key sectors
and characteristics
Review available
vulnerability studies
Identify vulnerable
sectors
Review national
plans in vulnerable
sectors
Activity 2: Identify technology criteria for assessment
Prepare list of
sectors with
mitigation potential
Develop criteria to
apply to vulnerable
sectors
Activity 3: Prioritize sectors and select key technology(ies)
Compile a list of prioritized
mitigation technologies and
key sectors
Identify
characteristics of
prioritized sectors
Prioritize vulnerable
sectors
Compile responses
to address
vulnerability
Activity 4: Identify barriers and policy needs*
Conduct environmental technology
impact assessment
Assess capacity to
use mitigation
technologies
Conduct environmental technology
impact assessment
Assess capacity to
use adaptation
technologies
Cross-cutting issues
(Stakeholder engagement and barrier analysis)
Review technology
options and
resources
Activity 5: Define and select options
Rank and select prioritized
mitigation technologies and
key sectors
Output to NC,
NAPAs national
development
plans
Identify practical
options for priority
sectors
Identify responses
and technologies
Rank and prioritize
applicable
technologies
Activity 6: Prepare a synthesis report
Summary report in NC
Full report (including a description of the stakeholder process adopted, an evaluation of sectoral needs
and opportunities…, a statement of data gaps, project concepts/proposals, potential sources of funding)
Communicate TNA findings
Implementation actions
Assess adequacy of
financial resources
Ensure transparency
Identify potential
synergies
Identify ways to
reduce barriers
Continue stakeholder
involvement
Revise plans as
needed
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | A simplified view of the needs assessments
process
Forming institution
arrangements
 Identify relevant
stakeholders;
consult key agencies
 Convene meeting to
explore objectives and
scope
 Establish the team
~ lead agency
~ lead technical
institution
~ other players
 Define process for
ongoing involvement of
all stakeholders
Needs assessments process
Preparing & implementing technology
transfer actions & plans
 Establish criteria for
selecting technology
transfer priorities
 Define priority
sectors and sub-sectors
 Securing resources
 Development of
implementation
strategies
 Compile and
supplement technology
and market information
 Select priority
technologies
 Integration with
existing development
programs
 Preparation of
technology transfer
plans
 Further technology &
barrier assessment &
stakeholder
consultations
 Define alternative
actions
 Implementation of
technology transfer
actions
 Ongoing review and
refinement of actions
 Select actions
 Prepare needs
assessment report
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | What are the priority technology needs?

Synthesis of technology needs assessments (TNAs) –
FCCC/SBSTA/2006/INF.1:
 Highlights priority technology needs to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and facilitate adaptation to the adverse impacts
of climate change based on information contained in 23 TNAs
and 25 initial national communications submitted by nonAnnex I Parties
 Draws attention to specific barriers to technology transfer and
suggests measures to address them, including through
capacity-building
 Highlights ways used to involve stakeholders in a consultative
process to conduct TNAs, including the methodologies and
criteria used to prioritize technology needs
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs | How representative are their results?
Note: Similar activities are carried out for a TNA of adaptation,
but the tasks differ.
Source: TNA handbook.
Albania
    
Azerbaijan      
Bolivia
    
Burundi
    
Chile
    
China
    
Congo DR
    
Dominican     
Republic
Ecuador
 
 
Georgia
 


Ghana
    
Haiti
    
Indonesia
    
Kenya
    
Lesotho
    
Malawi
    
Mauritius
    
Moldova
 

Niue
   

Paraguay
    
Tajikistan
    
Viet Nam
    
Zimbabwe
 
 
Total 23 23 19 23 20 21
% 100 100 83 100 87 91













 


 

Totala
Per cent
Identify next steps
Project proposal
Describe stakeholder
participation
Identify capacity-building
needs
Identify measures
Country
Conduct initial review
Set criteria
Select key sectors
Prioritize technologies
Identify barriers
Table 4. An overview of the TNA process
Select target area
Figure 2. Main activities for conducting a TNA
for mitigation technologies
8
9
9
8
7
9
7
6
80
90
90
80
70
90
70
60
  8 80
 6 60
10 100


 8 80
10 100


10 100


9 90

9 90

  9 90
 4 40

   9 90
8 80

 
 

 9 90


 8 80
7 70


18
12
16 11 12
78
52
70 48 52




















Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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TNAs - how priorities were selected? |
How they relate to national development objectives?
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
1 1 16 1 3
4.3 4.3 69.6 4.3 13.0
Per cent
Potential for reuse and recycle
Total
Recovery of water resources
Pollution reduction
Minimum impact on the environment
Social acceptance
Environmental
protection
Possibilities for replication























21
91.3
Life time of the inv.
GHG reduction potential
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
1 1 1 16
4.3 4.3 4.3 69.6
Investment costs
Maintenance costs
Socio-economic importance























0
0.0
Market
Potential for adaptation
Capacity-building























1
4.3
Preserve sinks
Food security























14
60.9
Gender equality
Improvement in health and quality of life
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 14
8.7 60.9
Environmental sustainability
Rational utilization of resources












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




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



8
34.8
Climate
change
Utilization of local resources
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
Total
%
Wealth creation
Country
Employment generation
Development benefits
     12 54.5
     6 27.3
     1 4.5
     7 31.8
     2 9.1
     9 40.9
     13 59.1
     6 27.3
     1 4.5
     3 15.8
     8 42.1
     3 15.8
     7 36.8
     5 26.3
     6 31.6
     7 36.8
     5 26.3
     4 21.1
     4 21.1
     2 10.5
     6 31.6
     6 31.6
     5 26.3
3 9 13 2 0 0
13.0 39.1 56.5 8.7 0.0 0.0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
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12
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Other
Other - 4.2%
Waste management - 29.2%
Agriculture & forestry - 33.3%
Transport - 50%
Crop management
Forestry
Freight
Unspecified public transport
Facilities
100
60
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
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# of technologies identified
40
Management & policy improvements
Industry - 79.2%
Vehicles
Aluminium industry
Fuel switching
Mining
Others
Bread making industry
Furnaces
Steel industry
Transmission - 25%
Energy - 91.7% of Parties
High efficiency motors
Cement Production
Miscellaneous industries
Boilers
Industrial energy efficiency
Miscellaneous
District heating
50
Buildings & residential - 87.5%
60
Other
Green buildings materials & design
Energy efficient appliances
Other
Advanced fossil fuel
Legacy improvements
70
Coal
80
Generation - 91.7%
90
CT
Unspecified power generation
GTCC
DSM
CHP (cogeneration)
RET
Per cent of Parties [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified mitigation
technologies in TNAs?
100
90
80
70
13
0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
Unspecified hybrids
MSW (generation
and treatment of
MSW)
Unspecified RET
Europe
Geothermal
Asia
Solar thermal
Africa
Hydro
Wind (installations
and/or assessments)
Mini- and/or microhydro
Biomass
Solar PV (grid, offgrid)
# of technologies identified
TNAs | What are commonly identified renewable energy
technology needs?
18
16
Latin am erica
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
14
0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
Wind water pumping
Solar water pumps
Refrigerators
Solar home system
Europe
Unspecified appliances & techniques
Asia
Air conditioning
Africa
Heaters
Solar cookers
Solar driers
Stoves/ovens
Solar water heaters
Lights
# of technologies identified
TNAS | What are commonly identified energy efficient
technology needs (buildings & residential)?
16
14
Latin am erica
12
10
8
6
4
2
15
Capacity building
Tourism
Natural disasters
Systematic observation and monitoring
High water extremes
Other
70
60
25
40
20
30
15
10
0
# of technologies identified
Water - 37.5%
Vector-borne diseases
Water/food-borne diseases
Water harvesting
Other
Water transfers
Retreat - 16.7%
Protect - 20.8%
Coastal zone - 41.7%
Water recycling and conservation
Various retreat
Soft structural options
Other
Indigenous options
Hard structural options
Rise land and houses
50
Accomodate - 37.5%
Agriculture & fishery - 62.5% of Parties
Emergency planning
Improved drainage
Other
Fishery
Other (soft)
Food processing
Pest management
Improved drainage
Forestry
Livestock
Land management
Irrigation
Crop management
Per cent of Paries [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified adaptation
technologies in TNAs?
40
Health - 25%
35
30
20
10
5
0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
16
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
Conditional phased-out development
Preventing development in areas near coast
Other - 7.5%
Accomodate
Other
Replacement Casements
Other
Coastal zone monitoring
Desalination plants
Soft - 12.5%
Protect
Raised houses and land
Early-warning systems
Improved drainage
Coastal zone laboratory
Other
5
Indigeneous - 7.5%
6
Mangrove plantations
Hand-placed rock sea walls (stone walls)
Stimulate growth of coral reefs naturally or artificially
Building-with-nature techniques
9
Periodic beach nourishment
Flooding and storm drains
Storm surge barriers
7
Hard - 27.5%
8
Creation of embankments
Gabions
Groynes
Bulkheads, seawalls, revertments
Dikes, levees, floodways, floodwalls
Per cent of coastal zone
technologies identified [%]
TNAs | What are commonly identified technologies to
address sea-level rise?
10
Retreat
4
3
2
1
0
17
TNAs | What are main barriers to technology transfer
identified by country?
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
18
TNAs | What are main measures to address barriers
to technology transfer?
30
20
10
Others
Human
0
Infrastructure
5 56
8 89
0
0
4 44
6 67
6 67
4 44
9 100
5 56
6 67
2 22
0
0
7 78
8 89
7 78
40
Technical
56
56
78
67
11
89
78
0
Institutional
     
  
        
      
    
    
      

     
     
       
        
   
 
  
Total 16 16 16 18 13 11 13 6 7
Percent 70 70 70 78 57 48 57 26 30
5
5
7
6
1
8
7
0
Economic /
market








50
Information /
awareness








60
Policy
   
   

   
      

  
      
70
Regulatory
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
80
Per cent of Parties[%]
Country
Figure 13. Common measures identified to
address barriers
90
Per cent
Economic / market
Information / awareness
Policy
Regulatory
Institutional
Human
Technical
Infrastructure
Others
Total
Table 10. Type of measures identified
by country
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
19
TNAs | What are main capacity-building needs?
   
  
   

   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
  
 
  
0
67
44
33
11
0
33
2
4
0
8
2
2
6
3
7
3
0
1
1
8
8
5
22
44
0
89
22
22
67
33
78
33
0
11
11
89
89
56
40
30
20
10
0
Others
















0
6
4
3
1
0
3
Infrastructu re







Regulatory
   
   
   

   
   

 

  
   
   
   


  
Total 7 14 9 7
Percent 30 61 39 30







Economic / market
 

 

 
 
 
Technical







Policy / programme
  

 
  
  
  
  
50
Institutional /
org aniztional







60
Information / awareness
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Burundi
Chile
China
Congo DR
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
Georgia
Ghana
Haiti
Indonesia
Kenya
Lesotho
Malawi
Mauritius
Moldova
Niue
Paraguay
Tajikistan
Viet Nam
Zimbabwe
70
Human
Country
Figure 14. Common capacity-building needs
Per cent of Parties [%]
Economic / market
Information / awareness
Policy / programme
Regulatory
Institutional /
organizational
Human
Technical
Infrastructure
Others
Total
Per cent
Table 11. Type of capacity-building
needs identified by country
10 16 8 3 3
43 70 35 13 13
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
20
TNAs synthesis report | key findings

The TNA is an effective tool for decision makers and
international institutions that may be involved in the
facilitation of the technology transfer process. The
TNA process not only helps identify specific
technology needs, but also points out the direction in
which future policies and regulations will need to
progress

The main beneficiary of the TNAs are the Parties that
conducted them, as these reports provide a good basis
for follow-up activities to further enhance the transfer
of climate friendly technologies.
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
21
Implementing TNAs | What are main opportunities for
financing the implementation of TNA findings?
•Trust Fund
•SCCF
•LDCF
Adaptation Fund
FINANCIAL
MECHANISM (GEF)
CDM/JI
BILATERAL
• ODA (OECD/DAC)
• Seed financing
• Green Financing
Convention and KP
MULTILATERAL
• UNEP, UNDP, UNCTAD
• World Bank Carbon
Finance, CEFV, CESF
• IFC, EBRD
• EU COMMISSION (FP)
PPPs
Export Credit Agencies
PRIVATE SECTOR
• Commercial banks
• Micro financing
• Insurances
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
22
Implementing | What is financed under the GEF?

The GEF trust fund allocates and disburses about
USD 250 million dollars per year in projects in energy
efficiency, renewable energies, and sustainable
transportation

The current strategy focuses on market
transformation, policy and structural changes, and in
addressing market failures

Special Climate Change Fund - mainly through
technology programmes that seek to building capacity
for applying specific technologies (~USD 6m).
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
23
Implementing | What are main opportunities for
financing technology transfer projects under CDM?

Project pipeline > 1,600 projects
 565 registered; 121 million CERs/year; 51% large and 49%
small scale
 105 requesting registration: 22 million CERs/year

Two recent studies :
 Technology transfer by CDM projects, 2006, E. Haites
 Technology transfer in the CDM, 2006, ECN, H. C. de Coninck

Roughly one-third of all CDM projects accounting for
almost two-thirds of the annual emission reductions
involve technology transfer
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
24
Financing | What are main opportunities for financing
technology transfer projects under CDM?


Technology tends to play an
important role - projects either
Fugitive emissions
scale-up the deployment of from production and
consumption of
halocarbons
and
technology solutions alreadysulphur hexafluoride
available in the host country or 2%
Manufacturing
introduce technological
industries
solutions from other countries 6%
Registered projects
Afforestation and
reforestation
0%
Chemical industries
1%
Energy demand
1%
Mining/mineral
production
0%
Transport
0%
Fugitive emissions
from fuels
(solid, oil and gas)
8%
Evident from the
methodologies applied so far,
which tend to involve a change
in technology rather than
change in management or
policy
Agriculture
9%
Energy industries
(renewable - / nonrenewable sources)
50%
Waste handling and
disposal
23%
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
25
Financing | What are main opportunities for financing
technology transfer projects under CDM?
250
6,000
Number of projects
Average project size
100% claim TT
5,000
200
21% claim TT
85% claim TT
4,000
14.5% claim TT
3,000
13.8% claim TT
100
ktCO2e/yr
# of projects
150
2,000
50
1,000
15% claim TT
Source: Technology transfer by CDM projects, 2006, E. Haites
Others
Afforestation
Transport
Tidal
Reforestation
Energy distribution
Coal bed/mine methane
N2O
Solar
Geothermal
Fugitive
Energy Efficiency (service)
HFCs
Cement
Biogas
Landfill gas
Agriculture
Wind
Energy Efficiency (households)
47% small-scale
Fossil fuel switch (service)
68% unilateral
Energy Efficiency (industry)
854 projects
Hydro
0
Biomass energy
0
Average project
size 175 ktCO2e/yr
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
26
Solar
Others
Afforestation
Transport
Tidal
Reforestation
Energy distribution
Coal bed/mine methane
N2O
Energy Efficiency (households)
Source: Technology transfer by CDM projects, 2006, E. Haites
Geothermal
Fugitive
Energy Efficiency (service)
HFCs
Cement
Fossil fuel switch (service)
Biogas
Landfill gas
Agriculture
Wind
Energy Efficiency (industry)
Hydro
Biomass energy
# of projects
Financing | What are main opportunities for financing
technology transfer projects under CDM?
250
200
with TT claims
without TT claims
150
100
50
0
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
27
Implementing | What are main opportunities for
financing technology transfer projects under ODA?

DAC members provided some USD 2.8 billions per year
in average through their climate change related
bilateral aid
Climate change-related aid by income group and by region, commitments 1998-2004
Breakdown by income group
Breakdown by region
100%
100%
Other and unspecified
80%
80%
UMICs
Other and unspecified
60%
60%
Asia - other
LMICs
40%
OTHER LICs
20%
LDCs
0%
Asia - Far East
America
40%
Africa
20%
0%
1998/2000
2001/2004
1998/2000
2001/2004
Source: data are derived from the OECD Creditor Reporting System database and do not include multilateral
contributions to organizations active in the field of climate change
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
28
Financing | What are main opportunities for
financing technology transfer projects under ODA?

The DAC data indicate that most of support went into
energy and transport sectors. A detailed analysis is
nevertheless needed to identify to what extents these
flows were used for technology transfer and what were
the technologies that received support
Climate change-related aid by sector commitments 1998-2004
1998-2000
2001-2004
Water supply and
sanitation
Transport
Water supply and
sanitation
Transport
Energy
Energy
Agriculture
Agriculture
Forestry
Forestry
General environmental
protection
Other
General environmental
protection
Other
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
29
Implementing | What opportunities exists for
multilateral financing of technology transfer projects?

The World Bank Group has launched a series of carbon funds to
demonstrate how to achieve cost-effective GHG reductions while
contributing to sustainable development.
 The World Bank Investment Framework for Clean Energy and
Development aims to provide extensive support for mitigation and
adaptation projects
 The new financial instruments being considered are a Clean Energy
Financing Vehicle, which would blend public and private sources of
financing to promote low carbon technologies, and a Clean Energy
Support Fund, which would provide subsidies in line with the extent
of carbon emission reductions

The UNDP is establishing its Millennium Development Goal (MDG)
Carbon Facility, a carbon-finance mechanism featuring emission
offsets derived from projects that contribute directly to achieving
the MDGs. Under this facility, UNDP will mobilize carbon finance
and direct this towards developing a portfolio of projects that
yield tangible sustainable development and poverty reduction
benefits across a diverse group of developing countries
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
30
Implementing | What opportunities exists for
multilateral financing of technology transfer projects?

The Finance Initiative of the UNEP FI is a global partnership
between UNEP and over 160 financial institutions and a range of
partner organizations to develop and promote linkages between
the environment, sustainability and financial performance. UNEP
FI focal areas include examination of different types of financial
instruments/products and services that lead to climate change
mitigation and adaptation, and renewable energy.

The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund of the
European Commission aims to blend capital of public and private
investors, and support small- and medium-size projects and
enterprises. The fund recognizes that private investors need
higher financial returns and that public investors value the
economic, social and environmental benefits of renewable energy
investments more than most private investors
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
31
Implementing | What is the role of
private sector investment?

Private sector investment has been recognized as a key for the
success of technology transfer activities.

The level of FDI, commercial lending, and equity investment all
increased greatly in recent years. For example, FDI flows to
developing countries continued to grow in 2005, reaching a record
level of USD 237.5 billion
 These are the dominant means by which the private sector makes
technology-based investments in developing countries and
economies in transition, often in the industry, energy supply and
transportation sectors
 It is therefore critical to ensure that the necessary conditions are in
place to encourage this flow and to ensure that all countries have
access to it (main beneficiaries at present are Europe & Central Asia,
East Asia and the Pacific and Latin America and Caribbean).
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
32
Implementing | What are innovative options?

Innovative financing options are simply new
combinations or adjustments of existing instruments
and resources, rather than new financial instruments
aimed exclusively at addressing climate change
 Introducing financing considerations in the project
development cycle
 Financing continuum: general financing instruments for
technology transfer

2 workshops – brought together Parties, project
developers and international financial community

Technical paper on Innovative financing
(FCCC/SBSTA/2006/TP1) – an easy-to-read brochure for
SB 26
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
33
Implementing | What are innovative options?

Prepare and disseminate a Practitioner's guide
to support projects developers to prepare
project proposals that meet the standards
of financial community
 Available in several languages; English, French, Spanish
 A roll-out programme is under preparation (regional training
workshops, learning centres, help desk)

CTI – Private Financing Advisory Network
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
34
Issues for consideration

Conducting TNAs
 Identification of good practices
 Enhance guidance
 Support countries conducting TNAs

Reporting, synthesizing and communicating TNA
findings
 Enhance guidance for reporting
 Awareness rising on TNA results (national and international))
 Update TNAs

Implementing the findings of TNAs
 Develop good implementation plans and project proposals
 PFAN?
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
35
THANK YOU!
[email protected]
Iulian Florin VLADU - Technology Subprogramme
36