The Science of Mind What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean.
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The Science of Mind What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? What Is Psychology? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 Explain the subject matter that psychologists study, addressing the meaning of mind and psychology’s role as a hub science. The Study of the Mind © Masterfile Psychology is study of behavior and mental processes such as thought and emotion. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? What Are Psychology’s Roots? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 Analyze the respective contributions of philosophy and the physical sciences as the “roots” of modern psychology. The Roots of Psychology Psychology Methods borrowed from the physical sciences Questions posed by philosophy © Norman Pogson/Photos.com L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 Compare and contrast the early movements in psychology – structuralism, Gestalt psychology, functionalism, behaviorism, psychodynamic theory, and humanism – in terms of leading figures, core principles, and contributions to modern psychology. Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism © INTERFOTO/Alamy Wilhelm Wundt conducted the first documented psychology study. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? © Bettmann/CORBIS © Cengage Learning 2013 Max Wertheimer and Gestalt Psychology L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? William James and Functionalism © Mary Evans Picture Library/The Image Works Functionalists proposed that the mind was shaped by natural selection; modern evolutionary psychology is one descendant of James’ ideas. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions The Behaviorist Movement The behaviorists studied observable animal behavior to try to understand human learning. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? The Cognitive Revolution Courtesy of Cornell University Ulric Neisser argued that internal cognitive processes could be studied objectively, as well as behavior. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? Sigmund Freud and Psychodynamic Theory © Paul Van Scott/Final Score Products Freud emphasized that many important mental processes happen outside conscious awareness. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? © Michael Rougier/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Humanistic Psychology Humanistic approaches proposed that human nature is inherently good, and people seek to improve. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? What Are Psychological Perspectives? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 Differentiate the seven major perspectives of modern psychology in terms of typical research questions, research methods, and focal causes of behavior. Analyze the ways in which the seven major perspectives can be integrated to address a single psychological process or topic. Biological Psychology Clinical Evolutionary Biological Personality © Stockbyte/Photos.com© photomak/Shutterstock © Elena Snegireva/Photos.com Developmental Cognitive © Jacob Wackerhausen/Photos.com © Dmitriy Shironosov/Photos.com © Norman Pogson/Photos.com © Elena Shchipkova/Photos.com Social © Norman Pogson/Photos.com L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? Personality: Biological: Evolutionary: Cognitive: Social: Developmental: Clinical: We Aggressive We are Aggression Aggressive We learn more Aggressive aggress individuals to aggressive be ispeople associated more against behavior tend aggressive tend when with people when we decreases to have are low we anonymous who very low levels see sharply challenge impulse high aggression of serotonin. self-esteem. from and control. our the unaccountable. rewarded. status. mid-20s on. Evolutionary psychology © Cengage Learning 2013 © Jupiterimages/Photos.com Integrating the Perspectives L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? What Does it Mean to Be a Psychologist? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 Explain why psychology’s role as a “hub science” allows psychologists to pursue a wide range of career paths with respect to professional specialties and research areas. “The Backbone of Science,” by Kevin W. Boyack et al., 2005, Scientometrics, 64(3). With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media. Psychology as a Hub Science L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?