Transcript OPEN ACCESS, INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES, SPARC Bülent Karasözen ANKOS 4th. SELL Meeting Napoli, May, 14th, 2004 Problems with traditional journals • Serial crises, gap between the proportion of.

OPEN ACCESS,
INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES,
SPARC
Bülent Karasözen
ANKOS
4th. SELL Meeting
Napoli, May, 14th, 2004
Problems with traditional journals
• Serial crises, gap between the proportion of the literature
that libraries can access and the information that
researchers need to be effective(D.Prosser)
• Internet, WEB, digital publishing
• Birth of consortia, journal bundling, licensing
• Second ‘serial crises’ : librarians can not cancel underused journals from the bundle(D. Prosser)
• ‘Permission crises’: legal and technological barries;
copyright, lisensing agreements (P. Suber)
• Continue to work with sub-optimal solutions
Changes in Scholary Communication
• Access from desktop, searching, altering services,
reference linking, Crossref
• Changes in scholary communication, new business
models
• International dissemination and impact of research
results, peer review, quality control
• Functions of journals: registration, certification,
awarness,archiving
• Open Archives Inititaive(OAI) standarts ensures
registration, awarness, archiving
• Peer reviewed Open Access(OA) journals
• Self archiving in institutional repositories, on author’s
WEB pages
OA journals
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Wide distribution, wide impact
Increase of the profle of the authors, their institutions
No subscription income reqires new financial models
Cost associated with the peer review process:
– Authors(their institutions) pay the publication charge
– Blackwell: $2.400, $Elsevier: 3.000-10.000, Nature: $18.00053.000
– BioMed Central: $525, Public Library of Science: $1.500
• Moving from paying for acess(subscrition) to paying for
dissemination
Publishing papers now*
Researcher
Money Flow
Publisher
—
Agent
Subscription/
Pay-per-View
Library
Reader
*Helen-Doyle, PLOS, ALA Midwinter, 2004
Information
Flow
open access*
Publishing
is the final
step in a
research
project
Researcher
$
Publisher
Library
Information
flow
Reader
*Helen-Doyle, PLOS, ALA Midwinter, 2004
SPARC (The Scholary Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition) www.sparceurope.org
• Founded in 1998 by ARL (Association of Research
Libraries)
• Over 200 libraries and consortia are members
• SPARC Europe founded by LIBER in 2002
• Create Change, new systems of scholary communication
• Declaring independence
• SPARC’s programs
– Alternatives
– Leading Edge
– Scientific Communities
SPARC’s Publisher Partners
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Biomedcentral, 59 OA journals, in Italy 6 cancer institutes have a
partnership
BioOne, aggregation of the bioscience journals
Public Library of Science, Plo’s Biology, Medicine
Columbia Earthspace
Crystal Growth and Design, Organic Letters, ACS
Documenta Mathematica
Economics Bulletin
Project Euclid
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Machine Learning Research
MIT CogNet
Directory of Open Access Journals, supported by OSI, 550 OA journals
Indian Academy of Sciences, 11 journals
The Wellcome Trust analysis on the
potential cost of publishing*
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Analysis of publishing, 1995-99
16,646 papers
Total funding £1.5 billion
Assume papers cost £1500
Costs of publishing represent 1.7% costs of research
Open Access and the Competitive Market-Place
*Helen-Doyle, PLOS, ALA Midwinter, 2004
Institutional Repositories
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More than 100 institutional repositories
National initiatives: SHERPA in UK, DARE in the Netherlands
Eprints.org,
Subject specific repositories: Ginsparg’s High Energy Physics
electronic repository, arXiv
D-Space-MIT
CERN
Caltech
OA search engines OAIster searches through almost 2.000.000
electronic items in over 200 repositories
Average number of downloads for articles:
– ScienceDirect: 28
– BioMedCentral: 2.500
Berlin Declaration
on
Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences
and Humanities
• Publish your articles in an open-access journal
whenever a suitable one exists today (currently 500,
<5%)
• and
• Publish the rest of your articles in the toll-access journal
of your choice (currently 23,500, >95%) and self-archive
them in your institutional open-access eprint archives.
Scientific Information Exchange (SciX)
Project
• The Swedish School of Economics and Business
Administration(HANKEN)
• A fully operational subject-specific repository
• Studying the scientific publishing process and the effects of different,
alternative business models on the life-cycle costs of the process
• The model currently contains twenty-two interconnect schemas with
sixty-four separate activities
• Barriers to the introduction of open access publishing models are
being investigated
• Open access would substantially lower a lot of the transaction costs
throughout the process (both of publishers, libraries and readers)
A diagram from the Scientific Publishing Life-Cycle Model
being developed in the SciX project
A classification of different types of barriers for increased open access
publishing and their relative importance
Open access
Journals
Subjectspecific
repositories
Institutional
repositories
Legal framework
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IT-infrastructure
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Business models
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Academic reward system
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Marketing and Critical
mass
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Indexing services and
standards
The most Popular Areas for Open Access
Journals
Scientific domain
Number of journals
Medicine
36
Mathematics
36
Education
27
Law
20
Sociology
16
Economics
16
Computer Science
15
History
14
Biology
12
Information Science
11
The Impact of OA Journals
Citation Study by ISI
• 200 OA journals are covered
• 148 OA journals from natural sciences are analyzed w.r.t
Impact Factors
• The data across all categories is normalized
• The journals ranking highest by Impact Factor are thus in
the highest percentiles
• OA journals’ ranks in their respective categories vary
• Does the fact of open access change the pattern of
citation?
• OA journals have similar citation pattern to other journals
Criticism
• U.K. Parlliaments’s Science and Technology Select
Committee’s hearing in its inquiry into scientific
publishing on March 1st 2004
• STM publisshers, Blackwell, Elsevier, Nature: the cost
per article download goes down; five years ago $ 14, in
2003 $3, it is predicted to go down below $2
• The Royal Society predicts, if authors pay, extra $3.5
mlllion of funding is needed each year
• ScienceDirect: OA’s author-pays model risks penalising
UK because British researchers produce
disproportionately high number of articles every year: UK
spends 3.3 % of World’s journal subscritions and
produce 5 % of all articles published globally