Transcript Critical Introduction to Open Access

Critical Introduction to Open Access
Scholarly Outputs in Public Health
NECOBELAC in association with Irish Institute of Public Health
Dublin, 9th May 2012
Bill Hubbard
Centre for Research Communications
University of Nottingham
What is Open Access
An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an
unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists
and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals
without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new
technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the
world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature
and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars,
teachers, students, and other curious minds. Removing access barriers to
this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning
of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature
as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a
common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.
Budapest Open Access Initiative February 14, 2002, Budapest, Hungary
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml
Why Open Access?
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Serials crisis
Researcher need for access
Public need for access
Moral case
Author’s benefits
Institutional benefits
Financial rationale
Because we can!
What is Open and what is Access?
• Open to read?
• Open to use?
• Open to re-use?
• Accessible for processing?
• Accessible by the public?
• Accessible by the world?
What is Open Access
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Publications
Data
Grey literature
Conference papers
Theses
Arts multimedia
Teaching and Learning materials
. . . what else?
What Open Access is not . . .
• A subversion of peer-review
– but academics may want to modify current models
• A replacement for publication
– but the world may want to move that way
• An invitation to plagiarism
– and it may actually become the norm to prevent plagiarism
• An attack on copyright
– but it does throw up some anomalies which lead creators
and users to question copyright in its current form
How is Open Access achieved?
• Just sticking it on the web somewhere
– and why that’s not a good idea
• Repositories
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Subject based
Institutionally based
Government based
Funder based
• Journals
– Open Access Journals
– Hybrid Journals
Repository Open Access
Author writes paper
pre-print
Submits to journal
Deposit in e-print
repository
Paper refereed
Revised by author
post-print
Author submits final version
Article published in a journal
published
version
Journal Open Access
Author writes paper
Submits to journal
Paper refereed
Revised by author
Author submits final version
Article published in a journal
Who wants Open Access?
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Authors like it
Researchers like it
Librarians like it
Institutions like it
Funders like it
Research assessment workers like it
Knowledge transfer workers like it
Public likes it
Publishers . . . are split
Public investment compared to publishers’ service
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money - £ thousands
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time - months
Blue box - Public investment
Red box - Publisher’s investment
e.g. 2 year project, £300,000
e.g. charge of £1,800
£12,500 per month
£600 per month
£300,000 over 24 months
£1,800 over about 3 months
(and public access to results
may be unavailable)
(and expenses recouped through
advance payment of subscriptions)
Where we are so far . . .
• Repositories
– 2186 worldwide, 14 Ireland - 207 UK-based
• Journals
– 7696 journals worldwide - plus hybrids
• Funder policies
– Publications: 68, Data: 27, OA Journals: 38
• Institutional policies
– 145 policies reported, plus etheses
• Services and processes in place
Where we are so far . . .
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NIH in the States
UK - Finch Committee
UK - David Willetts recent speech
European Commission - Neelie Kroes
Change is coming . . .
• Developments in the web and ICT alone will
produce substantial change and may be the major
mechanism for change to current practice . . .
• Financial incentives are changing across Europe
• 10 years timescale - what changes are coming down
the track and what responses are needed?
Mendeley
1,319,469 People
112,949 Groups
30,529 Institutions
129,692,213 Papers
Change is here . . .
• Search for “cancer cures” in Google
Cancer Options:The Surprising Power of Mother Nature!!
• God has been good to His children by putting hundreds of natural
substances in Mother Nature which can help all cancer patients in many
different ways!! Mother Nature's cancer treatments are called "natural
cancer treatments" or "alternative cancer treatments."
• For example, the late Dr. William D. Kelley, a dentist by training, used
alternative cancer treatments to treat more than 33,000 cancer patients.
He used special diets, proteolytic enzymes, and other natural substances.
Dr. Kelley was able to cure more than 90% of the cancer patients who
went to him instead of using chemotherapy, radiation and surgery!!
• Compare Dr. Kelley's cure rate of 90% to the overall cure rate of less than
3% of orthodox medicine!!
http://cancertutor.com/
Change is here . . .
• OA repositories and journals offer open access, but
with control, authority, transparency and commercial
clarity
• OA repositories and journals offer a route for
healthcare information to be made available to the
public, journalists, healthcare professionals and
researchers
Questions?
• Bill Hubbard
• Head of Centre for Research Communications
• [email protected]