Tidal Energy SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market.
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Transcript Tidal Energy SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market.
Tidal Energy
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Tides and tidal energy
How can we capture it?
Why would we want to?
Where is the market today?
Why is the UK the world-leader?
Where are the challenges?
What is the opportunity?
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tides 101
Rising and falling of the ocean’s surface
Caused by gravitational effect of moon and sun on the seas
Highly predictable (28-day cycle).
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
E = ½ mv2 and all that…
Tides cause significant volumes of water to flow around the
world.
The moving body of water contains energy.
Power of the water is proportional to (current speed)3.
But, good tidal spots can be a little rough…
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
How much energy? Where?
Raw, incoming tide from Atlantic:
60 GW
Total UK electricity consumption:
250 GW average
2190 TWh / yr
400 TWh / yr
“Hot Spots” not near centres of
population or grid infrastructure.
190 GW
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
But we can hardly dam the (whole) North Sea…
1.6 mile wide / 40m deep channel
Average power through channel:
350MW
i.e. domestic electricity consumption
of Glasgow.
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
You keep saying “Average…”
MW
Tidal Power
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Days
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Comparison: Wind Farm
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Recap
The resource is:
Large
Free
Predictable
But:
Varies with time
In the wrong place
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
So, how can we capture it?
Romans used tide mills in London.
Historically, c. 750 mills installed around the Atlantic
Better ways of milling flour now exist…
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tidal Barrage (Tidal Range)
First, dam an estuary…
Principle:
Tide allowed to flow through barrage into estuary pool
Barrage closes, water held in pool until tide falls
Water released through turbines to generate power.
Severn barrage under feasibility study
Led by Ed Milliband
5 options at public consultation
Reports end 2009.
La Rance, 1966
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Tidal Stream
Find a good location
Fast-flowing
Close to shore
Close to grid
Good seabed conditions
Not too exposed…
Put a “farm” of underwater
windmills there.
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Current Approaches
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Typical Development Process
Over 100 active device developers
All pre-revenue technology development companies
Usually single-product
£1M
£20-40M
£100M+
3-10yrs
~3 yrs
~3 yrs
Basic Technology
Development
Full Scale
Prototype
Commercial
Array
Hammerfest Strom
OpenHydro
Marine Current Turbines
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The UK Top 20
Commercial
Machines
Large
Prototypes
Modelling &
Tank Testing
Basic
Science
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The Way Forwards
JVs emerging to develop first projects
Technology Developer + Utility
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UK Support Mechanisms
Revenue Support through the Renewables Obligation
Targeted Revenue Support
2 ROCs / MWh (England & Wales)
3 ROCs / MWh (Scotland)
Marine Renewables Deployment Fund
Saltire Prize
Capital Support
Marine Renewables Proving Fund
Energy Technologies Institute
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
UK Support Mechanisms
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Current Hot Topics
First commercial projects underway
Internationalisation
Islay Array (Scottish Power / Hammerfest Strom UK)
Anglesey Array (NPower Renewables / MCT)
OpenHydro: - Canadian projects
Lunar: - 500MW Korean farm.
Policy & Infrastructure
Crown Estates Leasing Process
Grid Issues
OFTO
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
The Pentland Firth Process
Crown Estates Process
Marine spatial planning
exercise
700MW of renewable power
from Pentland Firth by 2020
Closed 15 May 09
42 applications received
Projects 10MW-300MW
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Grid Reinforcement
National Grid:
New Paradigm
Connects few power stations to
many consumers
Generation at grid extremities
Major upgrade projects
Beauly – Denny rebuild
Dounreay – Beauly upgrade
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Taking the Grid Offshore
Energy Act (2004)
Licence needed to operate offshore transmission network
Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTOs) introduced:
Own the “Offshore grid.”
Appointed by Ofgem
Tendering process triggered by tidal developer applying for grid
connection.
Remuneration from “locational” (tidal developer) & “non-locational”
(other users).
First OFTO tender process April 09 (offshore wind farms)
Developers watching with interest
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Conclusions
Tidal energy promising, but developmental
25-50% of European tidal stream resource in UK waters
High on political agenda
UK will see world’s first commercial projects
Especially Scotland
Sustained support needed to retain impetus in UK.
Rapidly changing industry:
Impact of OFTO?
Impact of grid upgrades?
Will it work?
© Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Ian Watson
+44 (0)1306 885050
[email protected]
www.fnc.co.uk/renewables
SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY