Tidal Energy SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market.
Download ReportTranscript Tidal Energy SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market.
Tidal Energy SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Introduction Tides and tidal energy How can we capture it? Why would we want to? Where is the market today? Why is the UK the world-leader? Where are the challenges? What is the opportunity? © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Tides 101 Rising and falling of the ocean’s surface Caused by gravitational effect of moon and sun on the seas Highly predictable (28-day cycle). © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY E = ½ mv2 and all that… Tides cause significant volumes of water to flow around the world. The moving body of water contains energy. Power of the water is proportional to (current speed)3. But, good tidal spots can be a little rough… © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY How much energy? Where? Raw, incoming tide from Atlantic: 60 GW Total UK electricity consumption: 250 GW average 2190 TWh / yr 400 TWh / yr “Hot Spots” not near centres of population or grid infrastructure. 190 GW © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY But we can hardly dam the (whole) North Sea… 1.6 mile wide / 40m deep channel Average power through channel: 350MW i.e. domestic electricity consumption of Glasgow. © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY You keep saying “Average…” MW Tidal Power 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Days © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Comparison: Wind Farm © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Recap The resource is: Large Free Predictable But: Varies with time In the wrong place © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY So, how can we capture it? Romans used tide mills in London. Historically, c. 750 mills installed around the Atlantic Better ways of milling flour now exist… © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Tidal Barrage (Tidal Range) First, dam an estuary… Principle: Tide allowed to flow through barrage into estuary pool Barrage closes, water held in pool until tide falls Water released through turbines to generate power. Severn barrage under feasibility study Led by Ed Milliband 5 options at public consultation Reports end 2009. La Rance, 1966 © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Tidal Stream Find a good location Fast-flowing Close to shore Close to grid Good seabed conditions Not too exposed… Put a “farm” of underwater windmills there. © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Current Approaches © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Typical Development Process Over 100 active device developers All pre-revenue technology development companies Usually single-product £1M £20-40M £100M+ 3-10yrs ~3 yrs ~3 yrs Basic Technology Development Full Scale Prototype Commercial Array Hammerfest Strom OpenHydro Marine Current Turbines © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The UK Top 20 Commercial Machines Large Prototypes Modelling & Tank Testing Basic Science © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Way Forwards JVs emerging to develop first projects Technology Developer + Utility © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY UK Support Mechanisms Revenue Support through the Renewables Obligation Targeted Revenue Support 2 ROCs / MWh (England & Wales) 3 ROCs / MWh (Scotland) Marine Renewables Deployment Fund Saltire Prize Capital Support Marine Renewables Proving Fund Energy Technologies Institute © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY UK Support Mechanisms © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Current Hot Topics First commercial projects underway Internationalisation Islay Array (Scottish Power / Hammerfest Strom UK) Anglesey Array (NPower Renewables / MCT) OpenHydro: - Canadian projects Lunar: - 500MW Korean farm. Policy & Infrastructure Crown Estates Leasing Process Grid Issues OFTO © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Pentland Firth Process Crown Estates Process Marine spatial planning exercise 700MW of renewable power from Pentland Firth by 2020 Closed 15 May 09 42 applications received Projects 10MW-300MW © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Grid Reinforcement National Grid: New Paradigm Connects few power stations to many consumers Generation at grid extremities Major upgrade projects Beauly – Denny rebuild Dounreay – Beauly upgrade © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Taking the Grid Offshore Energy Act (2004) Licence needed to operate offshore transmission network Offshore Transmission Owners (OFTOs) introduced: Own the “Offshore grid.” Appointed by Ofgem Tendering process triggered by tidal developer applying for grid connection. Remuneration from “locational” (tidal developer) & “non-locational” (other users). First OFTO tender process April 09 (offshore wind farms) Developers watching with interest © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Conclusions Tidal energy promising, but developmental 25-50% of European tidal stream resource in UK waters High on political agenda UK will see world’s first commercial projects Especially Scotland Sustained support needed to retain impetus in UK. Rapidly changing industry: Impact of OFTO? Impact of grid upgrades? Will it work? © Frazer-Nash Consultancy Ltd 2009. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Ian Watson +44 (0)1306 885050 [email protected] www.fnc.co.uk/renewables SYSTEMS AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY