PUBLIC FORUM ON WIND ENERGY A presentation by the North Carolina Wind Working Group.
Download ReportTranscript PUBLIC FORUM ON WIND ENERGY A presentation by the North Carolina Wind Working Group.
PUBLIC FORUM ON WIND ENERGY A presentation by the North Carolina Wind Working Group What is the Wind Working Group? A group of private, public, academic, and nonprofit organizations who are interested in wind energy development in the state Goals: a) develop a clear understanding of existing attitudes on wind development b) educate the public and key stakeholders, and address their issues c) generate interest leading to responsible wind development Objectives Tonight Energy Overview Describe the local wind resource Learn wind technology basics Outline wind development process Hear from the audience 2 Major Energy Problems Depletion Pollution World Annual Energy Consumption: 465 Quads in 2006 World Prim ary Energy Production Quadrillion BTU's 500 450 400 Quads 350 300 250 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 Year 2005 World Energy Supply 2005 World Total Primary Energy Supply 6.3% 20.7% 2.2% 25.3% 12.7% 10.0% 0.5% 35.0% Oil Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Hydro Combustible Renew ables & Waste Other Source: World Energy Supply by Source: Key World Energy Statistics 2007, IEA 2006 US Energy Source: EIA, 2007 World Fossil & Nuclear Reserves Primary Fuels World Reserves oil 1,119.6 Billion Barrels 6,226 Trillion Cubic Feet 997, 748 million Short Tons 4.7 million tons gas coal nuclear Total Quadrillion BTU’s (10 15 BTU’s) 6,586 6,226 20,782 2,229 35,823 Quads Source: US Energy Information Agency, 2007 Energy Consumption Increasing Each Year Between 95 & 05 world energy consumption increased by an average of 2.4%/year If a 2.4% rate of increase continues world reserves of fossil & nuclear fuels will last only 44 Years Source: EIA, 2007 Annual Emissions of Carbon (1751-2005) Year 2003 1975 1947 1919 1891 1863 1835 1807 1779 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1751 Million Tons Carbon World Carbon Emissions Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide, 1959–2005 400 Parts per Million Volume Source: Scripps Institute of Oceanography 375 350 325 300 275 250 1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 www.worldwatch.org Global Average Temperature at Earth's Surface (Land-Ocean Index), 1880–2005 14.8 14.6 Source: Hansen et al. Degrees Celsius 14.4 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.4 13.2 13.0 1880 1905 1930 1955 1980 2005 www.worldwatch.org Melting Ice & Rising Sea Levels January 2002 March 2002 We Can Solve the Energy Problem Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next half century Robert Socolow & Stephen Pacala, Princeton University, 2004 Encouraging Clean Energy in North Carolina 1) Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard (REPS) Requires North Carolina electric utilities to include renewable energy and energy efficiency in their electric generation portfolios Target for IOUs: by 2021,12.5% of 2020 NC retail sales (7.5% RE and 5% EE) Target for EMCs: 10% by 2018 2) 35% State Tax Credit Wind Energy is Part of the Solution 31 % annual growth in 07 Cumulative Installed World Wind Power 08 94,112 MW in 2008 100000 90000 80000 314 billion Kwh/yr 70000 MW 60000 50000 MW 40000 30 million homes 30000 20000 10000 0 10% world’s electricity by 2020 if current trends continues Year Benefits of Wind Energy Energy Independence and Security = it’s a local resource Economic Cost Competitive Land Lease Payments Local property tax revenue Jobs creation during construction, and O&M Economic diversification (a 2nd crop) Tourism and education opportunities Environmental Benefits No SOx, NOx, CO2 particulates , or mercury No water! Wind is renewable Closer Look @ Cost Trends http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/ne_economics.asp Wind Has Been Competitive with Wholesale Power Prices in Recent Years Source: AWEA Wind Maps Overview of Wind Energy in NC Conservative estimate: 2,400 MW Utility Wind Capacity (on- and offshore) US Dept of Energy projects a potential of > 12,000 MW! Western NC Wind Acres of Windy Land in WNC Class >= 2 771,024 acres Class >= 4 [utility wind] 138,000 acres 1850 miles of Ridge line (1000 miles with class 4 & above) Other county maps at wind.appstate.edu North Carolina Coastal Resources Current Technology Wind Technology Basics Sizes and Applications Small (100 kW) • Homes (Grid connected) • Farms • Remote Applications (e.g. battery charging, water pumping, telecom sites) Intermediate (100 kW – 1MW) • Village / Farm Power • Community Wind Large (1MW-5MW) • Wind Farms • Offshore Wind Generation Tower Options 31 Self Supporting Lattice or Monopole Minimal footprint Most expensive Guyed Larger Footprint Most economical Lattice Monopole Guyed Sample of Small Turbines 33 Make Model Capacity (kW) Tower Modeled Made in Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7 1.8 45' monopole Arizona Proven WT 2500 2.5 105' tilt-up Scotland Bergey Wind Power Excel-S 10 100' lattice Oklahoma Entegrity Wind EW 15 50 100' monopole Colorado Fuhrlander FL 250 250 166' monopole Germany Skystream 3.7 Proven WT2500 Bergey Excel Entegrity EW15 Fuhrlander FL250 Energy Output & Economics 34 Annual Model Tower Energy Output (kWh) SWWP Skystream 3.7 45' monopole 4,287 Proven WT 2500 105' tilt-up 5,081 Bergey Excel-S 90' monopole 17,007 Entegrity EW 15 100' monopole 96,124 Fuhrlander FL 250 166' monopole 601,551 Cost of Cost After Energy over Wind System Incentives ($) 25 years ($/kWh) SWWP Skystream 3.7 7,829 $0.14 Proven WT 2500 15,936 $0.24 Bergey Excel-S 26,490 $0.12 Entegrity EW 15 81,370 $0.07 Fuhrlander FL 250 241,150 $0.03 Simple Payback (years) IRR 15.3 26.4 13.1 7.1 3.4 5.1% 0.5% 6.7% 14.4% 30.7% 1.5 MW Wind Turbines • • • • • 5 million KWH/yr 500 homes $500,000/yr green power 7.5 million lbs CO2/yr 8.3 tons NOX/yr Number of Utility Scale Turbines in Class 4/5 Sites @ 80m to produce 10%: State: 2700 turbines Blue Ridge Electric: 18 turbines Mountain Electric: 10 turbines Key Issues for Wind Power Production Tax Credit Uncertainty Siting and Permitting: avian, noise, visual, federal land Transmission: FERC rules, access, new lines Operational impacts: intermittency, ancillary services, allocation of costs Accounting for non-monetary value: green power, no fuel price risk, reduced emissions =>Responsible wind development successfully addresses these points Mountain Ridge Protection Act of 1983 “No building, structure or unit shall protrude at its uppermost point above the crest of the ridge by more than 35’ “ Exemptions to Ridge Law Water, radio, telephone or television towers or any equipment for the transmission of electricity or communications or both. Structures of a relatively slender nature and minor vertical projections of a parent building, including chimneys, flagpoles, flues, spires, steeples, belfries, cupolas, antennas, poles, wires, or windmills NC Attorney General’s 2/4/2002 letter to TVA “The Legislature in 1983 had in mind, the traditional, solitary farm windmill which has long been in use in rural communities, not windfarm turbines of the size, type, or certainly number proposed here…” TVA Stone Mt. Site Issues Listed, Proposed Endangered, Threatened, or Species of Concern Weller’s Salamander Cooper’s Hawk Peregrine Falcon Common Raven Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker Shrews Eastern Big Eared Bat Indiana Bat Golden-Winged Warbler ASHE COUNTY SPECIES OF CONCERN Economics Each 100 MW of wind energy development in region will produce approximately: $27 million in economic benefit to state during construction and over $60 million over project life $7.32 million paid in wages during construction and $1.35 million in wages each year during operation 250 jobs during construction 45 long term jobs Property tax revenue: approximately $550,000/year in NC (low by national standards) Land Lease Payments: $250,000 - $400,000/year (2-3% of gross revenue or $2500-4000/MW/year) Approximately 350 million kwh every year, at a competitive price and without any air pollution or energy price increases. Enough to power 33,000 houses. Each MW of wind development costs approximately $1million dollars Each MW of wind will produce between 3 – 3.5 million kwh/year on a good wind site. Potential Economic Impacts in NC From the 20% Vision (12,325 MW new Onshore and Offshore North Carolina development) Source: NREL What could it look like? 10 KW Bergey 47 From the Blue Ridge Parkway overlook; 1-1/4 miles away What could it look like? Fuhrlander 250 KW 48 From the Blue Ridge Parkway overlook; 1-1/4 miles away Attitude Survey Work Western NC Survey found: 75% indicating they wanted more wind power 63.5% support for turbines on ridge tops, 19% against 79% supported single turbines, 9% against 57.3% supported clusters of 10 or more turbines on ridge tops, 27.5% against 66% supported turbines near their home, 21% against For every 10,000 birds killed by human activities, less than one death is cased by a wind turbine. Still, any wind turbine in the coast will have to look at avian impacts as part of development process. High Tension Vehicles Pesticides Cats Wind Turbines Wires Other Comm. Towers Buildings/windows Bird Issue in Perspective Noise Issue in Perspective wind farm at a distance of 750 to 1000 feet Development Process Preliminary Investigation Land Access Local Government Consultation Wind Resource Measurement Preliminary Design & Engineering Environmental Impact Studies Transmission Interconnection Final Design & Engineering Project Financing Permitting Why North Carolina? COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING LAND USES Wind Power is highly compatible recreational and extractive land uses. with agricultural, Land Use Construction Operation Subsurface Concrete Foundation ~40’ - 50’ diameter Turbine Pedestal 16’ – 18’ diameter Gravel Crane Pad and Turnaround ~40’ x 60’ Each wind turbine requires 0.5 - 2 acres. A typical facility requires only about 1%-3% of the total land under lease. Gravel Access Road 14’-20’ wide Cathedral Rocks, Australia El Perdon, Spain Leitza Buerte, Spain McGrath, Canada (Alberta) Maple Ridge, New York Contact Information Western Wind: ASU Energy Center www.wind.appstate.edu Coastal Wind: NC Solar Center at NCSU www.ncsc.ncsu.edu State Energy Office - www.energync.net Panel for Today Moderator: Brent Summerville, ASU Energy Center Dr. Dennis Scanlin, ASU Department of Technology Community Wind, Matt Cooper, Appalachian Institute for Renewable Energy Wind Developers – Bob White, AES; Anne Waling, Acciona Energy Policy – Paul Quinlan, NC Sustainable Energy Association Local Wind Installer– Ole Sorensen, Solar Dynamics Audubon NC – Curtis Smalling