Transcript The Digital Object Identifier: A Tool for E-Commerce and Rights Management doi> Glen Secor 26 Nov 01

The Digital Object Identifier: A Tool for
E-Commerce and Rights Management
doi>
Glen Secor
26 Nov 01
Why a new identifier?
• Identifiers enable us to manage content
• Physical world: ISBN, ISSN, ISMN, SICI, etc
• good systems for publishers
• Digital world: ? URL?
• poor systems for publishers (e.g. E Books)
• how to use existing identifier systems?
• Make WWW transactions as invisible as telephone
transactions
– machine to machine,
– not machine to people to machine
The intellectual property background
Digital world enables both use and protection
• Aim is to maximise value of information objects:
- reduce copy infringement and
- increase accessibility;
- need to identify what it is you are managing
• Mass production  mass customisation
- components must be clearly identifiable
- and terms defined
DOI: aim
• Establish a way of identifying content in the
digital environment
– actionable identifier
• Which can be the basis of rights management
– extensible; can be developed further
DOI requirements
• Identification of content
- intellectual property in any form
- with precision & granularity
• Actionable identification
- automation; “click to do something”
- services
• Interoperability, extensibility
• Open standard
Describing rights using data
Primary rights events (claims, deals) are
described using pieces of data:
Rights Statement (“claim”)
[party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place]
Rights Agreement (“deal”)
[party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that
[event]
Pieces of "rights metadata" used
in each semantic structure
Describing rights using data
Secondary rights events (licences) are also
described using pieces of data:
Permission
[party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in
[place].
Prohibition
[party] can’t [verb] to [creation] at [time] in [place].
Requirement
[party] must [verb] [amount] to [creation/party] at
[time] in [place].
Rights Transfer
[party] can [grant right] to [party] in [creation] at
[time] in [place].
Distributed rights management
This mix of data from many sources is used in many
different places by different people in chains of
rights events:
statement
assertion
agreement
agreement
permission
transfer
agreement
permission
prohibition
requirement
etc
[party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place].
Each entity can be expanded to reveal more data
Enter the Digital Object Identifier
doi>
• The Digital Object Identifier is a system for:
– Identifying and exchanging intellectual
property;
– Managing intellectual content in any form at
any level of granularity;
– Linking customers with content suppliers; and
– Enabling automated copyright management
for all types of media.
The DOI Components – Enumeration
•
•
For the purpose of the DOI system, the DOI is a unique “dumb number”
assigned to an entity - only when accompanied by metadata, can any
information be determined from the enumeration. The metadata may change
(i.e. when ownership of the entity changes), but the identifier remains persistent
for the life of the digital object.
The DOI is comprised of a prefix and a suffix separated by a forward slash:
>
Content producers may choose to have a single prefix for all their
products, or a prefix for each imprint, label, product line, or
whatever level makes sense for their purposes.
> The suffix can be identifiers or product numbers employed within a
particular industry or private proprietary codes used within a content
producer's organization. The suffix can be assigned to entities of any
size or granularity or any file type.
The DOI System – Open Standards
The DOI brings together two major fundamentals which ensure long term
extensibility and interoperability of various types of intellectual property within
various systems, wireless applications, broadcasting and Internet applications:
The Handle System - a distributed, scalable system based on open protocols,
which manages digital intellectual property as first class entities. Both the
Handle System resolution and the DOI metadata components are structured,
consistent, and manageable so it is possible to apply DOIs to any content and
to develop further tools for content management.
The <indecs> Framework - a broad multi-industry effort which defined
principles for metadata and how existing metadata systems can be mapped into
a standard interoperable form. On an open standards basis, this framework is
currently being expanded to create <indecs2>, a Rights Data Dictionary for
multimedia rights management, because unlike kernel metadata, rights data is
transient and dynamic.
DOI Administration - Creation
DOI data and metadata (XMLbatch)
metadata
Metadata Collection
Administrator
(publisher.com)
Registration Agency
Identifier:
DOI: 10.XXXX/1234
URL: http://publisher.com/10.X...
Title: New Horizona - Latin Jazz
Agent = Author: John Jakob-Jemènez
Type: digital file
Mode:
Text: 250 pages
Images: 20
Moving Images: 2
Audio: 20
Release Date: January 1, 2001
Rights Profile: Translation
Paperback
Electronic
Email Contact: [email protected]
Other Titles by Author: Title 2; Title 3
Retailers: amazon; bol;
DOI data
DOI data and metadata
DOI System
Multiple Resolution
Type
Index
DOI
10.XXXX/123
Syndicator - Retailer
Distributor - Rights Person
Trade Association
Multimedia Publisher
Data Aggragator - Consumer
Resolution Request
DOI System
Metadata Collection
Data
The DOI System – Standards Tracking
The DOI is one component of a fast developing technological infrastructure for the
management of intellectual property in the network environment. There are many
different players involved in the development of that infrastructure, ranging from
technical organizations to the "content industries" themselves.
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
ISO (International Standards Organization)
NISO (National Information Standards Organization)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
OEBF (Open eBook Forum)
MPEG 21 (Moving Picture Experts Group)
A significant element of the work of the IDF lies in tracking standards developments
in related areas, understanding their significance to the context within which the
DOI will operate, and establishing working relationships with organizations and
projects to ensure that appropriate co-operation is fostered to mutual benefit (and that
parallel developments do not remain in ignorance of one another).
Acknowledgments
• This presentation was cobbled together
using slides from presentations made in
recent months by:
– Norman Paskin, Executive Director, IDF (various presentations) (see
www.doi.org)
– The “Overview of the DOI” presentation found on the IDF website
(see www.doi.org)
– A presentation made by Robert Bolick of McGraw-Hill at the
ALAI Conference, June 2001 (see
http://www.law.columbia.edu/conferences/2001/1_program_en.htm