Transcript Enabling Greater Access, Visibility & Use of Knowledge through Open Licenses Kathleen Ludewig Omollo International Program Manager University of Michigan Medical School Office of.

Enabling Greater Access, Visibility & Use
of Knowledge through Open Licenses
Kathleen Ludewig Omollo
International Program Manager
University of Michigan Medical School Office of Enabling Tech.
March 12, 2012 - ICTD 2012
Slides at: http://openmi.ch/ictd2012-workshop
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Copyright 2012 The Regents of the University of Michigan.
Cover image CC:BY-SA Jessica Duensing (Flickr)
PATH
•Copyright Trivia
•What is “Open”?
•Case Study: African
Health Open
Educational Resources
Network
•Hands-On: Create,
share, license your
own materials
Image CC:BY-NC-SA werkunz (Flickr)
Image CC:BY gmahender (Flickr)
What rights are
included in
copyright?
(hint: there are 5)
Image CC:BY Ute Hagen (Flickr)
Copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and
to authorize others to do the following:
1. Reproduce the work in whole or in part
2. Prepare derivative works, such as translations,
dramatizations, and musical arrangements
3. Distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or
loan
4. Publicly display the work
5. Publicly perform the work
Under © it is illegal to:
•Translate works (derivative)
•Copy someone else’s photo, slides, report, or
other work (without permission)
•Dramatize a work (performance)
•Reproduce in whole or in part (without
permission)
•Make copies of a work (distribution)
Image CC:BY OpenCage (wikipedia)
What is the purpose of ©?
Image CC:BY ewiemann (Flickr)
Origin of Copyright (1710):
“For the Encouragement of Learned Men to
Compose and Write useful Books… the Author
of any Book or Books already Printed… in order
to Print or Reprint the same, shall have the sole
Right and Liberty of Printing such Book and
Books for the Term of One and twenty Years…”
- “An Act For the Encouragement of Learning”
(a.k.a. The Statute of Anne) by Queen Anne of
England
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
Origin of Copyright in U.S. (1788):
“To promote the progress of Science and
Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries.”
- U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause
8 (aka “The Progress Clause”)
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
Takeaway:
• Goal: To advance
knowledge
• How: Exclusive
rights on creative
works for limited
times
Image CC:BY-NC Cayusa (Flickr)
Notable International Treaties Regarding
Copyright:
• 1886: Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic
Works
• 1952: Universal Copyright Convention
• 1988: Berne Convention
Implementation Act
• 1995: Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights
Image CC:BY tuppus (Flickr)
“Limited times” = ?
Image CC:BY TJ Morris (Flickr)
Which of these is necessary to
copyright a work?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Tangible form?
Publication?
Copyright symbol ©?
Registration?
Effort?
Creative Expression?
Uniqueness?
Which of these is necessary to
copyright a work?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Tangible form?
Publication?
Copyright symbol ©?
Registration?
Effort?
Creative Expression?
Uniqueness?
Copyright occurs automatically
at the creation of a new work,
when it is fixed in tangible form.
This means that almost
Image CC:BY Horia Varlan
(flickr)
everything is copyrighted-not just published material but
also your emails, your
assignments, your letters, your
drafts, your doodles, your
snapshots, your blog posts...
What is a license?
Licenses let people know
how they may use a
copyrighted work.
Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr)
Free
Public
Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute
Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)
All Rights Reserved
(default)
Types of Open Licenses:
Creative Commons
Some Rights Reserved
(www.creativecommons.org)
BY :: Attribution
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but only if
they give you credit.
NC :: Noncommercial
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but for
noncommercial purposes only.
SA :: Share Alike
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work as long as
any derivative work is licensed under the
same license.
ND :: No derivatives
You let others copy, distribute, and display
your copyrighted work only if no changes,
derivatives, are made.
Learning
Creativity
Sharing
Public
Domain
All Rights
Reserved
least restrictive
most restrictive
Adaptability means…
Translation
Localization
Bridge materials
Innovation
Collaboration
Case Study
Image CC:BY Olibac (Flickr)
Challenges to Health Education in Africa
•low budget, small workforce, high disease
burden
•scarce, aging, and emigrating teaching staff
•not enough instructors or classroom spaces
•repetitive instructional responsibilities
•and….
Image CC:BY Phil Roeder (Flickr)
large lectures &
crowded clinical situations
2 minute video interview:
Image CC:BY-NC University of Ghana
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFjJe8ZJkJU
Collection of 19 OER video interviews in Ghana:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF4EC45F2B54D6112
When you look in
textbooks it’s difficult to
find African cases. The
cases may be pretty
similar but sometimes it
can be confusing when
you see something that
you see on white skin so
nicely and very easy to
pick up, but on the dark
skin it has a different
manifestation that may be
difficult to see.
-Richard Phillips, lecturer,
Department of Internal
Medicine, KNUST (Ghana)
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and Technology
The mission of the African
Health Open Educational
Resources (OER) Network (est.
2008) is to advance health
education in Africa by creating
and promoting free, openly
licensed teaching materials
created by Africans to share
knowledge, address curriculum
gaps, and support health
education communities.
www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
Gather Existing Materials
Assist health professionals in finding materials that
are free, electronic, and openly licensed (i.e.
expressly allow the general public to use, adapt,
copy, and redistribute)
APPROACH
Facilitate
Discussion
Publicly
Distribute
Materials
Promote the materials
worldwide through
multiple online and
offline methods
Foster dialogue
between health
professionals around
pedagogy, policy,
peer review, and openness
via onsite consultation,
discussion lists, conference
calls, and newsletters
Adapt and Create
New Materials
Provide tools and
guides for educators
and students to design,
license, and share
learning materials
Collection
• 12 institutions
• 135 modules
• 339 materials
• 144 videos
• 906 minutes
YouTube
• 861K views
• 795 favorites
• 173 comments
Other
•
•
•
www.Oerafrica.org/h
ealthoer: 7,000
visits/month
Open.umich.edu:
10,000 visits/month,
1,500 is for African
Health OER Network
content
Accessed in over 190
countries
Image CC:BY-NC-SA HeyThereSpaceman (flickr)
Visualization of greatest word frequency in Youtube comments – from wordle.com.
http://wiki.datawithoutborders.cc/index.php?title=Project:Current_events:A2_DD
Remix Example
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Saide and University of Botswana
Remix Example:
From This
Remix Example:
To This
http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/11/12/from-uct-opencontent-to-a-journal-article
Remix Example:
From This
Remix Example:
To This
Hands-On:
Share your own content
(or help someone else share theirs)
Image CC:BY-NC-SA 10000spoons (Flickr)
open.umich.edu/dScribe
It's easiest to create open
content from the start.
Start now by making a small
change in how you create
your own content.
What does this mean for you?
Hmm…
Image CC:BY-NC-SA
betsyjean79 (flickr)
On Slide
Lady Finger
Learning about Orchids
Phalaenopsis
A Phalaenopsis hybrid
add some extra information in the
attribution: author, source (name and
link), license (name and link)
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
Additional Source Information
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology
Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon,
http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
At the end of the presentation
What if you want to make your
*existing* work available under
an open license?
What types of third-party
(i.e. created by someone other
than you) objects might you
encounter?
What should you do with them?
main policy concerns to publicly sharing content
:: copyright : copyright law grants limited
exclusive rights to authors of creative works
:: product endorsement : avoiding the
appearance of endorsing a 3rd party
:: privacy : the protection of an individual’s
(student, instructor, patient) privacy
possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is
licensed under an open license or is in the
public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content
that is not openly licensed (and thus not
shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content
due to privacy, endorsement, or copyright
concerns
Attribution Key
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/AttributionPolicy
Use + Share + Adapt
{ Content the copyright holder, author, or law permits you to use, share and adapt. }
Public Domain – Government: Works that are produced by the U.S. Government. (17 USC § 105)
Public Domain – Expired: Works that are no longer protected due to an expired copyright term.
Public Domain – Self Dedicated: Works that a copyright holder has dedicated to the public domain.
Creative Commons – Zero Waiver
Creative Commons – Attribution License
Creative Commons – Attribution Share Alike License
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial License
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike License
GNU – Free Documentation License
Make Your Own Assessment
This key is inserted as the
second slide/page of all
University of Michigan open
content to let people
worldwide know how they
can or cannot use a given
image or resource.
{ Content Open.Michigan believes can be used, shared, and adapted because it is ineligible for copyright. }
Public Domain – Ineligible: Works that are ineligible for copyright protection in the U.S. (17 USC § 102(b)) *laws in
your jurisdiction may differ
{ Content Open.Michigan has used under a Fair Use determination. }
Fair Use: Use of works that is determined to be Fair consistent with the U.S. Copyright Act. (17 USC § 107) *laws in your
jurisdiction may differ
Our determination DOES NOT mean that all uses of this 3rd-party content are Fair Uses and we DO NOT guarantee that
your use of the content is Fair.
To use this content you should do your own independent analysis to determine whether or not your use will be Fair.
Activity
You have been provided print-outs of:
• Original slides with copyright, privacy, or
endorsement issues
• Recommended actions
• Replacement images
Match the slides with their actions and, if
applicable, their replacement images.
Activity materials at:
openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity & openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity-tags
Image CC:BY Nick Ward (Flickr)
Share Your Own Work from ICTD2012
Tag your work “ictd2012-open”, upload to a website
that supports Creative Commons:
Presentations (e.g. DOC, PPT) on Slideshare:
http://www.slideshare.net/tag/ictd2012-open
Photos on Flickr:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/ictd2012-open
Videos on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ict
d2012-open&search=tag Image CC:BY-SA Quinn Dombrowski (Flickr)
Email:
[email protected]
How To:
open.umich.edu/share
Image CC:BY-NC britbohlinger (flickr)
African-produced
health materials:
www.oerafrica.org/healt
hoer
Image CC:BY Karrie Nodalo (flickr)
This presentation builds upon slides from other
Open.Michigan team members, including:
Emily Puckett Rodgers, Pieter Kleymeer, Garin
Fons, Greg Grossmeier, Susan Topol, Dave
Malicke, Ted Hanss, and Erik Hofer