Transcript MORPHOLOGY “Word Classes and Affixes” Deny A. Kwary www.kwary.net Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech): • Content Words • • • • Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs • Function Words • • • • Conjunctions Prepositions Articles Pronouns.

MORPHOLOGY
“Word Classes
and Affixes”
Deny A. Kwary
www.kwary.net
Main Divisions of Word Classes
(Parts of Speech):
• Content Words
•
•
•
•
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
• Function Words
•
•
•
•
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Articles
Pronouns
Exercise: Determine the word class
of each of the following words
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
canine
the
him
elegant
inconvenience
eloquently
comply
inasmuch as
over
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Noun
Article
Pronoun
Adjective
Noun
Adverb
Verb
Conjunction
Preposition
Morpheme:
The minimal unit of meaning
Free morpheme: a single
morpheme that constitutes
a word and can stand alone.
Bound morpheme: a morpheme
that must be attached to
another morpheme.
Question #2
a, b, i, j, k, l, m
Example:
• Retroactive = retro + act + ive
Free morpheme = act
Bound morphemes = retro-, -ive
English Affixes
(based on the position)
Prefix: An affix
that occurs
before a
morpheme
Suffix: An affix
that occurs
after a
morpheme
English Prefixes
Examples of Negative Prefixes:
unnondisaExamples of size and degree prefixes:
mini- suboversuper-
English Suffixes
Class preserving
suffixation:
-er  lecturer
-ian librarian
-ist  scientist
-let  piglet
Class changing suffixation:
Verb  Noun
perform performance
Adjective  Adverb
nice  nicely
Adjective  Noun
active  activity
Affixes
(based on the function)
Inflections vs. Derivations
Definition
• Derivational
morpheme: deriving
(creating) a new word
with a new meaning.
• Inflectional
morpheme: changing
the form of a word
because of the rules
of syntax.
English Inflectional Morphemes
Nouns
–s
–’s
Verbs
–s
–ed
–en
–ing
Adjectives
–er
–est
plural
possessive
third person singular present
past tense
past participle
progressive
comparative
superlative
Some examples of English
Derivational Morpheme
•
•
•
•
•
-ic
-ance
-ly
-ity
-able
: Noun  Adj
: Verb  Noun
: Adj  Adv
: Adj  Noun
: Verb  Adj
; alcohol  alcoholic
; clear  clearance
; exact  exactly
; active  activity
; read  readable
• -ship : Noun  Noun ; friend  friendship
• re-
: Verb  Verb ; cover  recover
• in-
: Adj  Adj
; definite  indefinite
Describe the italic affixes:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
impossible
terrorized
terrorize
desks
dislike
humanity
fastest
1) Derivational prefix
2) Inflectional suffix
3) Derivational suffix
4) Inflectional suffix
5) Derivational prefix
6) Derivational suffix
7) Inflectional suffix
Describe the italic affixes:
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
premature
untie
darken
fallen
oxen
faster
lecturer
8) Derivational prefix
9) Derivational prefix
10) Derivational suffix
11) Inflectional suffix
12) Inflectional suffix
13) Inflectional suffix
14) Derivational suffix
That’s All For Today
See You Next Week
Deny A. Kwary
www.kwary.net