GIS-Based Land Administration Supporting Poverty Alleviation Brent A. Jones, PE, PLS ESRI Industry Manager Survey/Cadastre/Engineering [email protected].
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GIS-Based Land Administration Supporting Poverty Alleviation Brent A. Jones, PE, PLS ESRI Industry Manager Survey/Cadastre/Engineering [email protected] GIS for Land Administration All elements of land administration benefit from GIS Cadastre Land Registration Surveying & Mapping Valuation Planning Development Land Management Land Information Systems Spatial Data Infrastructures . . .GIS is the Technology Platform GIS Provides the Platform Modeling the Land Information Environment Providing • An Integrative (Geospatial) Framework • Analytic Methods • Advanced Visualization . . . Providing Many Tools and Methods . . . And Comprehensive Information Management GIS Provides Centralized Data Management Leveraging the value of data throughout the Enterprise. . . Benefits • • • • • Standardized Workflows Standardized Data Structures Eliminated Data Duplication Leverages More Applications Lowers Cost Integrating Imagery Leveraging the Imagery throughout the Enterprise. . . High Resolution Imagery • Change Detection • Data Adjustment - Raster to Vector - Vector to Raster GIS Analysis and Reporting Supporting transparency and public reporting . . . Land Information Systems Integrating and Managing Land Information Integrated Land Management BLM Property Valuation Germany Tax Mapping Canada Land Claim Registration USAID-Timor Leste Analyzing Transactions National Data Portal Oil & Gas Leases Planning GIS provides advanced analysis and visualization . . . Urban Planning California Land Use Suitability Montana Urban Design San Jose, California Web Based Suitability North Carolina 3D Zoning Portland, Oregon Urban Redevelopment Bakersfield, California Virtual City Bangkok Online Community Planning U.K. Arizona Regional Planning Puerto Rico Integrating GIS and Valuation Systems Modeling trends, improving revenue projections Louisville/Jefferson County Snohomish County Footer 9 Specialized Cadastral Workflow Cadastral Editor provides new data structures for survey data Workflow Benefits Perform Survey • Incremental updates in accuracy Create Subdivision Plan Submit to Agency Build Parcels and other Cadastral Elements • Integration of Surveyors work Cadastral Fabric Fit into Cadastre Least Squares Adjustment • Standardized procedures Geodatabase Parcel Data Model (Survey Accuracy) Adjust other GIS Layers . . . Supporting Complex Workflows Land Administration Data Flow Leveraging the benefits of centralized data Field Survey Map Scan & Vectorise Photogrammetry GPS survey CAD data Capture Standards Requirements Manage Quality & Integrity Structure & Topology Cadastral Fabric Versions & Transactions History & Archiving Database Replication Workflow Geodatabase Disseminate Cadastral Maps Data products Metadata Land Information Services Quality Web Mapping Data Transactions Portals & Search NSDIs E-commerce Process Associate related data Analysis & Reports Visualization & Modelling Cartographic design Map production MultiCadastre Solution from International Land Systems, Inc. Comprehensive multi-level solution for creating and maintaining seamless integrated cadastral data for legal, fiscal, planning, technical, mineral, vineyard and other types of cadastral records. Fully supported, open and interoperable system based on industry leading COTS software Low total cost of software resulting from OEM of ESRI technologies ESRI technology (ArcGIS Desktop, ArcGIS Server) for spatial data management while also integrating with ILS LRS Framework and satellite products (ILS DSS, ILS Cashier) for non-spatial data management MultiCadastre Components Specialized solutions leveraging GIS technology • MultiCadastre Editor – Capture, integrate and present cadastral and relevant background data – Based on ArcEditor • MultiCadastre Map – Single user, file based version of MultiCadastre Editor – Based on ArcView • MultiCadastre Server – Data storage, access and maintenance of cadastral background and relevant data – Based on ArcGIS Server • MultiCadastre Web – Web based access to cadastral and relevant background data – Based on ArcGIS Server • MultiCadastre Mobile (future) – Mobile cadastral data capture Based on ArcGIS Mobile The Importance of Cadastre Security and capital to help alleviate poverty Formalizing Land Ownership/Occupation is the first step in providing land tenure security and “unlocking” the capital in land for the poor - Stability & Security - Accumulation of Wealth - Pass Property onto Heirs - Collateral - Many more. . . Elements of Property Title Organized, managed, accessible land records. . . Transparency Public Recognition Recognition by Authorities Stable Occupancy Address Elements of Property Title . . .The Union of All Elements which constitute Ownership. . . Parties • • • • • • Owners Tenants Mortgagors Trustees Attorneys others Property Title • Physical Description • Cadastral Survey • Parcels • Buildings • Improvements • Apartments Rights • • • • • • • • Ownership Leasehold Servitude Restriction Encumbrance Sale Heir others Integrating Registry & Cadastral Systems with GIS Linking and Leveraging Data in Parallel Systems Application for Registration Legal Documentation Registry of Property and Ownership Rights ArcGIS Server Rights & Restrictions – Identified & Transparent Survey & Mapping Data Cadastral Survey Office PID# Index Map #12:04401 ArcGIS Server Title/ Deed Ghana Land Titling and Registration Case Study of Ongoing GIS-Based Land Registration Project • • • • • Population – 23 Million 93 people/km2 GDP $690 per capita Presidential republic Capital – Accra – Population 2 Million • Ashiaman, Tema – Project Area – Population 250,000 Ashiaman, Tema Conditions in Ghana Informal settlements Conditions in Ghana Informal settlements Conditions in Ghana Entrepreneurial culture Conditions in Ghana Entrepreneurial culture Conditions in Ghana Active, optimistic society Traditional Title Process Results Under utilized, overly complex system • 80% of clients involved in pilot had given up on existing registration process due to time and costs • 100% of those who had continued process had not seen any results • Average years “in process” – 10+ . . . Too expensive and too long for typical Ghanians Project Team ESRI Business Partners • Opportunity International – Serving as a trusted broker – First of a kind dimension to microfinance • International Land Systems (ILS) • SAMBUS (ESRI in-country Distributor) • Trimble Navigation • CIDG – Corporate Initiatives Development Group Project Objectives Develop a bottom-up approach to land registration • Practical Implementation – Build a process for cost and time effective land registration/titling for the poor • Microfinance focus – entrepreneurial poor • Client-centric focus – demand driven • Work with Government to avoid duplication . . . Leverage new technology as the foundation for prosperity Our New Methodology Streamlined approach to land registration • Use consolidated onsite interview, survey and document review process – Go to the clients • Leverage Technology – – – – – GIS GPS Titling software Imagery Video, Audio, etc. • Use data to derive a para-legal title certificate – “Provisional Title” is part of law – Paralegal title conforms to provisional title parameters • Pre-approved approach – Registrar to issue provisional titles based on paralegal certificate Technology ESRI ArcGIS Server based system • ArcGIS Server-based ILS MultiCadastre Software manages all data and documents – Property documents – Photographs – Video • Very low cost per user Land Claim Survey in Timor Leste An example from USAID… • Newest country in Asia • 1 million people • 100,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) • 15,000 km square • 70% infrastructure destroyed (1999) Source: Nick Thomas & Kim Glenn, ARD Land Claim Survey in Timor Leste An example from USAID… • Using GIS and Mobile Technology to identify and record land property claims • Ongoing maintenance of records to support a future land title registration system • ArcGIS is underlying land information management system Source: Nick Thomas & Kim Glenn, ARD GIS for Cadastre, Valuation & Address Management Lithuania’s State Enterprise Centre of Registers (SECR) • Responsible for Real Property Cadastre and Register, Address Register, and Register of Legal Entities. • Performs real estate valuation for taxation purposes • SECR uses ESRI’s GIS technology for Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) and to update, manage and distribute cadastral and real estate information for: – 2 million land parcels – 700,000 buildings – 500,000 engineering constructions and utilities. Integrated Land Registry and Cadastral Information System Turkey – General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC) • Responsible for all cadastre and land registration in Turkey • ESRI GIS enables full integration of cadastral and land registry systems • Automated workflow management tools model cadastral laws and business processes • Business benefits: – Operational efficiencies – Increased customer satisfaction – Improved data quality and consistency Unified Information System for Cadastre and Property Register Bulgarian Agency of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre and the Registers Agency • Unifying operations across agencies • ESRI GIS is the integrating information system • Business benefit – all users have access to the same property information Municipal Revenue Generation Through Property Taxation - Hargeisa, Somaliland • Project Partners: • UN HABITAT • UNDP • European Commission ESRI & UN HABITAT 100 Cities GIS Program Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT GIS-Based Property Survey Hargeisa, Somaliland • Acquisition of geo-referenced Quickbird imagery • On-screen digitizing of all buildings and other features such as main roads, rivers, airports, etc. • Field data collection using handheld computers with GPS • Integration of spatial and attribute data to form the geodatabase Survey cost: $0.82/property In future, $0.68/property Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT The Business Case for Using GIS Hargeisa, Somaliland Investment of US$48,500 for property survey– revenue of US$440,000 in first year • Development of a property classification schema using the Property Database • More equitable tax rates based on property characteristics • Significant returns on investment • Sustainable business model Previous: 15,850 properties = $145,000 per annum Now: 59,000 properties = $440,000 per annum New tax revenue: $710,000 per annum Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT Analyzing Urban Poverty Caracas, Venezuela • Used GIS to understand the geographic and social landscape of Barrio Petare Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez Site Analysis of the Environment Caracas, Venezuela • Analysis of the social and environmental factors that affect urban poverty • Identify and understand the complexities of Barrio Petare Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez Community Participation to Identify Alternatives Caracas, Venezuela • Scenario 1 – Proposal for a North-South axis • Scenario 2 – Proposed succession of inroad penetrations Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez GIS Adds Value GIS leverages data for many uses. . . • Urban Planning – – – – – – – Reconstruction Iraq Opium Cultivation Afghanistan Slum upgrading Sanitation Transportation Safety Flood zones Hazardous areas Illegal occupation • Health & Human Services – Access to facilities – Illness tracking/Mapping – Managed care • Spatial Data Infrastructures • Many, Many more. . . . Children Out Of School Ethiopia Humanitarian Aid Darfur GIS-Based Land Administration Supporting Poverty Alleviation Thank You! Brent A. Jones, PE, PLS ESRI Industry Manager Survey/Cadastre/Engineering [email protected]