Transcript World Meteorological Organization CIMO, TECOWorking together in weather, climate and water WMO “Mobile System for Remote Sensing of Wind, Report on the suitability and Humidity, Temperature and Precipitation operational of microwave Microstructureaspects Profiles during Special Events and Sport Competitions” radiometry (MWR) By Alexander Gusev, Viktor Ignatov, By.

World
Meteorological
Organization
CIMO,
TECO
2012
Working together in weather, climate and water
WMO
“Mobile
System
for
Remote Sensing
of Wind,
Report
on
the
suitability
and
Humidity, Temperature and Precipitation
operational
of microwave
Microstructureaspects
Profiles during
Special Events
and
Sport
Competitions”
radiometry (MWR)
By Alexander Gusev, Viktor Ignatov,
By Dr.Sergey
ArkadiSarychev.
Koldaev,
Arkadiy Koldaev,
Central AerologicvalRoshydromet
Observatory,
Roshydromet (Russia)
Joint Meeting of CBS EXPERT TEAM ON SURFACE-BASED REMOTELY-SENSED OBSERVATIONS (First Session) and CIMO EXPERT TEAM ON REMOTE SENSING
CIMO, TECO
- 2012 AND TECHNIQUES (Second Session)
UPPER-AIR
TECHNOLOGY
www.wmo.int
WMO
List of Contents
1.Introduction
2.System construction
2.1.General overview
2.2.External sensors
2.3.Operator cabin
2.4.Supplement Equipment
3.System operation
3.1.Radar wind profiler
3.2.Microwave temperature\humidity profiler
3.3.Micro Rain Radar MRR-2
4.Summaries
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1.Introduction
- Meteorological support of the special events became more and more desirable.
- Practically all kind of open air competitions are depended on the wind, precipitations and current
snow surface conditions.
- Upper air soundings can provide local small range NWP models with the fresh data flow, which
makes the results of NWP much
more valuable.
- Who and how will operate with meteorological instruments after the event end.
- The system for remote radar wind profiling and remote microwave radiometer temperature and
humidity profiling during Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games were decided as “temporary”
- The mobile installation can be easy exploit after the Sochi 2014 for weather service of the other
special events.
- Taking into account the synoptic situation, it is always possible to move and install the system on the
position in front of general atmosphere motion.
- But, such a strategy creates additional difficulties in obtaining of the information with satisfactory
quality.
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2.1.General overview
Micro Rain Radar
MRR-2
operator cabin
Microwave
temperature/humidity
profiler
Side lobe
suppression screen
trailer
electric power engines
(gasoline operated)
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2.2.External sensors
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Scintec
RPG
MRR-2
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2.3.Operator cabin.
Diagnostic monitor
Digital decoder- controller of azimuth
ENIGMA signal Processor
Data processing notebook
Special Monitor full internal diagnostics
Wind profiler processing system
DC power supply
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2.4.Supplement Equipment
WMO
electric power
engines
Azimuth rotator
Data processing
notebook
Mini-weather station
GPS
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GSM
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3.1.Radar wind profiler
Operating Frequency
Maximum Average RF Power
Antenna type
Aperture
Direction
Gain
Beam width
Minimum measurement height(1)
Maximum measurement height(2)
Wind speed accuracy
Wind direction accuracy
CIMO, TECO - 2012
800 to 1400 MHz, typically 915, 924,
1280,
1290, 1299, or 1357.5 MHz.
100 W avg.
Electrically steerable phased array
Nominally 3.0 m2
Zenith and ± 15.5°
~26 dBi
~9°
120 m
2 to 5 km
< 1 m/s
< 10º
- Wind profiler is operating at the
frequencies which are very near the cell
phone operation.
- For each location it is possible to
minimize the influence of the noise by
adjusting of the azimuth direction of the
radar antenna.
-For this purpose, the antenna was
supplied with the azimuth rotating
assembly.
- The azimuth position with the minimum
signal is decided as optimal one.
- Operating in the mountain environment
is probably most complicated from this
point of view: if one “near the ground”
side lobe is looking to the hill, other one
is looking in the space at the sufficient
height.
- The main purpose for application of the
screens is in suppression of the reflection
from the “near the ground” side lobes.
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3.2.Microwave temperaturehumidity profiler
Sampling Rate
Antenna beam resolution
Boundary Layer Temperature resolution
Boundary Layer Temperature accuracy
Time for absolute calibration
Long term TB drift
Channels
Time resolution
Radiometric Noise [10 sec. integration time]
Thermal receiver stability
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1 second
3.5° (Hum. Profiler), 1.8° (Temp.
Profiler)
50 m
0.25 K RMS
2 minutes
0.2 K / year
9, fixed, parallel scanning
1 second
0.06 K RMS
0.03 K
- Microwave temperature\humidity
profiler is operating at the wide
range of frequencies.
-But for microwave profiler there is
other principal limitation.
- The physical principle of
temperature and humidity profile
retrieval is based on the assumption
about “layer uniform” atmosphere.
- It can be recommended to use for
the measurements kind of flat fields
between hills, with sufficient
horizontal dimensions (more than 5
km), or perform measurements
along the mountain slope.
- As far the retrieving algorithm is
using calculation of the absorption
in the oxygen depending on the
pressure, thus it is necessary not
forgotten to implement the
correction of the height of real
measurements.
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3.3.Micro Rain Radar MRR-2
Topic
MRR-2
Working frequency
24 GHz
Modulation type
FM-CW
Transmitted power
50 mW
Antenna diameter
ø 60 cm
Doppler spectra
0 ... 9 m/s (ø 0.2 ... 6 mm
Outputs
rain rate
Indication
“Bright Band” height
Height range
30 ... 6000 m,
Number of height intervals
30
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- Micro Rain Radar MRR-2 is
looking striate in zenith direction, and
thus does not have any specific
problems operating in the mountain
environment.
- The electromagnetic interference at
the operating frequency is also not
too often, and if it happens, just
necessary to wait for a while, because
such an interference are very short in
time.
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4.Summaries
-The Mobile System for Atmosphere Remote Sensing (MS ARS) was developed
and constructed. The system is ready for measurements of Wind, Humidity,
temperature and Precipitation Microstructure Profiles in field conditions.
-The main limitations for field operation of MS ARS were discussed,
and preliminary recommendations to overlap these limitations were elaborated.
-The final instructions for proper operation of the system in mountain environment
can be done after inter comparisons of the data with radiozonde profiles.
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Thank you !
Dr. Koldaev
CIMO, TECO - 2012