Transcript The Industrial Revolution Section 1 The Industrial Revolution Section 1 A New Kind of Revolution Preview • Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain • Main.

The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Preview
• Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain
• Main Idea / Reading Focus
• A Revolution in Great Britain
• A Revolution in Textiles
• Steam Powers the Revolution
• Faces of History: James Watt
• Industrialization Spreads
The Industrial Revolution
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Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Main Idea
In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of
the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many
other industries.
Reading Focus
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production
of textiles?
• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
A Revolution in Great Britain
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of
power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Factors for Success
• Exploration and colonialism
• Seapower
• Political stability
• Government support
• Growth of private investment
Agricultural Factors
• Research and development on
farms
• Jethro Tull, seed drill
• Improved livestock breeding
• Better varieties of food crops
– Increased food supply
– Population grew
• Enclosure movement
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Britain’s Big Advantage
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.
• Had essential elements for economic success
• Factors of production
– Land
– Labor
– Capital
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally
suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied
raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet
facilitated trade; waterways provided power and
transportation; enclosure movement led to large
labor supply; private investors provided funds for
investment; coal and iron deposits provided
needed resources
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
A Revolution in Textiles
Textile Industry
•
•
•
•
Beginning of Industrial Revolution
Weaving was a cottage industry
Labor performed at home
Industrialization transformed this
New Way of Making Cloth
• Fabric made of wool or cotton
• Supply of fibers increased in the
1700s
• Slave labor in America
• Invention of cotton gin
• Invention of spinning jenny
• Invention of flying shuttle
Cloth-making in Factories
• Cottages too small
• Factory invented
• Power for factories?
• Water frame for water power
• Output increased 8x by 1770
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Identify Problem and Solution
How did machines solve problems that
weavers faced?
Answer(s): spinning jenny and spinning frame
spun thread into yarn, "flying shuttle" and power
loom made weaving faster
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Steam Powers the Revolution
Development of Steam
Engine
• First successful steam engine in
1712
Coal for Steam Engines
• Steam engines needed large
amounts of fuel
• Wood scarce
• Innovations by James Watt
• Coal mining industry
• Steam power versus water
power
• Changing landscapes
• Steam locomotives
• Steamships
• Robert Fulton
• Dangers of mining
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Make Generalizations
What impact did the steam engine have on
the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills,
factories could be located away from rivers,
powered locomotives and ships, led to
development of coal as a resource, more factories
built near northern coal mines
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United
States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it
about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?
Why Western
Countries?
• Political liberty
• Freedom to
compete
America
Europe
• British restrictions
• Belgium, 1807
• Hamilton, 1791
• France, 1815
• Samuel Slater
• Germany, 1850
• Rewards reaped
– Water frame
– Railroads
• Exploitation and
improvements
– Slater’s Mill
– Treaties
• Lowell’s Mill
The Industrial Revolution
Industry in Asia
Eventually, industry spread to Asia.
• Japan first in 1868
• Meiji government
• The 1900s—industrialization for
– China
– India
– Russia
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Compare and Contrast
How did industrialization in Britain compare
to the process in America and Europe?
Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America
and Europe benefited from earlier inventions;
Lowell factory in Massachusetts was first all-inone mill; political issues delayed industrial
development in continental Europe