Transcript Universal Computing @ Berkeley Activities in the ISRG / Endeavour David Culler Randy Katz, Eric Brewer, Anthony Joseph, James Landay and others http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler Philips Visit 8/5/99

Universal Computing @ Berkeley
Activities in the ISRG / Endeavour
David Culler
Randy Katz, Eric Brewer, Anthony Joseph,
James Landay and others
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler
Philips Visit
8/5/99
Natural Tides of Innovation
Innovation
Integration
Personal Computer
Workstation
Server
Log R
Minicomputer
Mainframe
Time
8/5/99
Philips
2/99
2
Expanding the Spectrum
• Scalable Infrastructure
–
–
–
–
highly available
persistent state (safe)
databases, agents
service programming environment
Service
Path
• Desktops
– max out at few 100M
– in your face
– connected to the infrastructure
• Ubiquitous Devices
– billions
–
–
–
–
8/5/99
sensors / actuators
smart space
PDAs / smartphones / PCs
heterogeneous
Philips
3
Issues Converge at the Extremes
• Powerful Services on “Small” Devices
– massive computing and storage in the infrastructure
– active adaptation of form and content “on the way”
• Lean, Flexible Communication Building-Blocks
– simplicity is the key to efficiency
• Federated System of Systems
• Availability, Automatic Configuration and
Management
• Novel interfaces and usage models
• Plug it all together and have it DWYM!
• Computer Science focused
on problems of scale!4
Philips
8/5/99
Outline
• Brief perspective on current activities
• Directions ahead under the Endeavour effort
8/5/99
Philips
5
ISRG+ Projects
• Millennium Testbed
– Culler, Demmel, … (Intel, NSF, UCB, Microsoft, Sun, IBM, Nortel)
• Ninja Proactive Infrastructure
– Brewer, Culler, Katz, Joseph
(ARPA)
• Iceberg: Computer/Telephony Integration
– Katz, Joseph
(Ericsson, ATT)
• Istore / Telegraph / Oceanic
– Patterson, Hellerstein, Kubiatowitz, Brewer
• GUIR - novel user interfaces
– Landay
• Universal Computing Lab
– IBM
• => Endeavour Expedition to the 21st Century
8/5/99
Philips
6
Underlying Message
• It’s not just putting together good computer
science research projects, its growing a
community that “thinks” in the emerging world
8/5/99
Philips
7
Experimental Testbed
Fax
IBM
WorkPad
Image/OCR
Text
Speech
MC-16
Ericsson
CF788
306 Soda
Motorola
Pagewriter 2000
WLAN
405 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
Pager
GSM BTS
Network
Infrastructure
Millennium Cluster
Smart Spaces
8/5/99 Information Management
Personal
Philips
Millennium Cluster
8
Ninja Vision
• You walk into a room
• Your PDA connects to the local
infrastructure and asks it to build a custom
GUI
• Next, your PDA asks the infrastructure for a
path out to
your personal information space, where
agents are processing your
e-mail, v-mail, faxes, and pages
You have complete, secure,
optimized access to local devices
and your private resources
8/5/99
Philips
9
Push Services into an Active Infrastructure
Clients
Clients
Clients
Open
Infrastructure
Services
Clients
Clients
Servers
Clients
Servers
Servers
=> enable Distributed Innovation of Scalable, Avail. Services
8/5/99
Philips
10
Embedded Untrusted Interface?
NINJA Infrastructure Services
Key Store
sRMI
Embeded
Untrusted
Client
Trusted
Client
8/5/99
https
Content Filter
(pseudonym)
DATEK
(Trust Contract)
https
Philips
11
One Time Passwd to pseudo-service
• Cannot increasing the security of the channel so decrease the
8/5/99
Philips
12
value of the content.
Informal Collaborative Interfaces
Meet in any environment
1
Take free-form ink notes
on Pilots or CrossPads*
2
* accumlate, share, transform in the infrastructure
8/5/99
Philips
13
Building the Bazaar
• What we need is not just a new research project,
but a new “computing culture”
=> Build a department-wide, universal wireless
PDA infrastructure, smart spaces and a
community to take it forward
• Initial Seed Fall 98 with IBM
–
–
–
–
150+ IBM workpads + lots of cradles + IR + ???
Pervade the first-year grad research projects
bold experiment in the senior UI course
accelerated the on-going research efforts
• Follow-on Universal Computing Lab
• Endeavour provides the framework
8/5/99
Philips
14
Some Lessons
• Communication is enabling
– low-power wireless needs to be like IP
• Virtual Environment is important
– Devices connect “into the infrastructure”
» Network HotSync, groupware, centralized e-mail
=> Need lean, clean communication substrate
• “User Service” is fundamental
– not just profile and customization info
– routing point for security
• Much room for improvement in devices
• Development effort is the limiting factor
– OSKI: 1 person for infrastructure, 2 for WorkPad
=> need complete distributed system debugging and simulation
environment
8/5/99
Philips
15
The Endeavour Expedition:
Charting the Fluid Information Utility
Randy H. Katz, Principal Investigator
EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776
Vision/Objective
• Enhancing human understanding through
information technology
– Make it dramatically more convenient for people to interact
with information, devices, and other people
– Supported by a “planetary-scale” Information Utility
» Stress tested by challenging applications in decision
making and learning
» New methodologies for design, construction, and
administration of systems of unprecedented scale and
complexity
– Figure of merit: how effectively we amplify and leverage
human intellect
• A pervasive Information Utility, based on “fluid
systems technology” to enable new approaches
for problem solving & learning
8/5/99
Philips
17
Potential Impacts on Commercial
Practice
• Personal Information Mgmt is the Killer App
– Not corporate processing but management, analysis,
aggregation, dissemination, filtering for the individual
• People Create Knowledge, not Data
– Not management/retrieval of explicitly entered information,
but automated extraction and organization of daily activities
• Information Technology as a Utility
– Continuous service delivery, on a planetary-scale,
constructed on top of a highly dynamic information base
• Beyond the Desktop
– Community computing: infer relationships among
information, delegate control, establish authority
8/5/99
Philips
18
Proposed Approach
• Information Devices
– Beyond desktop computers to
MEMS-sensors/actuators with
capture/display to yield
enhanced activity spaces
“Fluid”, Network-Centric
System Software
• Information
Utility
• Information
Applications
– Partitioning and management
of state between soft and
persistent state
– Data processing placement
and movement
– Component discovery and
negotiation
– Flexible capture, selforganization, and re-use of
information
– High Speed/Collaborative
Decision Making and Learning
– Augmented “Smart” Spaces:
Rooms and Vehicles
• Design Methodology
– User-centric Design with
HW/SW Co-design;
– Formal methods for safe and
trustworthy decomposable and
8/5/99
reusable components
Philips
19
High Speed
Decision Making
Learning
Classroom
Collaboration Spaces
Human Activity Capture
Event Modeling
E-Book
Vehicles
Info Appliances
Applications
Generalized UI Support
Transcoding, Filtering, Aggregating
Statistical Processing/Inference
Negotiated APIs
Proxy Agents
Self-Organizing Data
Interface Contracts
Wide-area Search & Index
Nomadic Data & Processing
Wide-Area Data & Processing
Movement & Positioning
Information
Utility
Automated Duplication
Distributed Cache Management
Stream- and Path-Oriented Processing & Data Mgmt
Non-Blocking RMI
PDA
Laptop
Soft-/Hard-State Partitioning
Wallmount Display
Camera
Handset Smartboard MEMS Sensor/Actuator/Locator
Philips
8/5/99
Information
Devices
20
Task Structure
D
e
s
I
g
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
Applications
Rapid Decision Making, Learning,
Smart Spaces: Collaboration Rooms,
Classrooms, Vehicles
Information Utility
Fluid Software, Cooperating Components,
Diverse Device Support, Sensor-Centric
Data Mgmt, Always Available, Tacit
Information Exploitation (event modeling)
Information Devices
MEMS Sensors/Actuators, Smart Dust,
Radio Tags, Cameras, Displays,
Communicators, PDAs
Base Program
Option 1: Sys Arch for Diverse Devices
Option 2: Oceanic Data Utility
Option 3: Capture and Re-Use
Option 4: Negotiation Arch for Cooperation
Option 5: Tacit Knowledge Infrastructure
Option 6: Classroom Testbed
Option 7: Scalable Heterogeneous Component-Based Design
Task 1: Base Program
Option 1: Systems Architecture for
Vastly Diverse Computing
Devices
Option 2: Implementation and
Deployment of the Oceanic Data
Information Utility
Option 3: Sensor-Centric Data
Management for Capture and
Reuse
Option 4: Negotiation Architecture
for Cooperating Components
Option 5: Tacit Knowledge
Infrastructure and High-Speed
Decision-Making
Option 6: Information Management
for Intelligent Classroom
Environments
Option 7: Scalable Safe Componentbased Design and UI Design
Tools
Option 8: Scaled-up Field Trials
Base Program: Leader Katz
• Broad but necessarily shallow investigation into
all technologies/applications of interest
– Primary focus on Information Utility
» No new HW design: commercially available information
devices
» Only small-scale testbed in Soda Hall
– Fundamental enabling technologies for Fluid Software
» Partitioning and management of state between soft and
persistent state
» Data and processing placement and movement
» Component discovery and negotiation
» Flexible capture, self-organization, info re-use
– Limited Applications
– Methodology: Formal Methods & User-Centered Design
8/5/99
Philips
22
Option 1: “System Architecture for Vastly
Diverse Devices”
Leader Culler
• Distributed control & resource management:
data mvmt & transformation, not processing
–
–
–
–
Path concept for information flow, not the thread
Persistent state in the infrastructure, soft state in the device
Non-blocking system state, no application state in the kernel
Functionality not in device is accessible thru non-blocking
remote method invocation
• Extend the Ninja concepts (thin client/fat
infrastructure) beyond PDAs to MEMS devices,
cameras, displays, etc.
8/5/99
Philips
23
Option 2: Implementation & Deploy-ment
of Oceanic Data Info Utility
Leader Kubiatowicz
• Nomadic Data Access: serverless, homeless,
freely flowing thru infrastructure
– Opportunistic data distribution
– Support for: promiscuous caching; freedom from
administrative boundaries; high availability and disaster
recovery; application-specific data consistency; security
• Data Location and Consistency
– Overlapping, partially consistent indices
– Data freedom of movement
– Expanding search parties to find data, using applicationspecific hints (e.g., tacit information)
8/5/99
Philips
24
Option 3: Sensor-Centric Data
Management for Capture/Reuse
Leader Hellerstein
• Integration of embedded MEMS with software
that can extract, manage, analyze streams of
sensor-generated data
– Wide-area distributed path-based processing and storage
– Data reduction strategies for filtering/aggregation
– Distributed collection and processing
• New information management techniques
–
–
–
–
8/5/99
Managing infinite length strings
Application-specific filtering and aggregation
Optimizing for running results rather than final answers
Beyond data mining to “evidence accumulation” from
inherently noisy sensors
Philips
25
Option 4: Negotiation Architecture for
Cooperating Components
Leader Wilensky
• Cooperating Components
– Self-administration through auto-discovery and
configuration among confederated components
– Less brittle/more adaptive systems
• Negotiation Architecture
– Components announce their needs and services
– Service discovery and rendezvous mechanisms to initiate
confederations
– Negotiated/contractural APIs: contract designing agents
– Compliance monitoring and renegotiation
– Graceful degradation in response to environmental
changes
8/5/99
Philips
26
Option 5: Tacit Knowledge Infrastructure/Rapid Decision Making
Leader Canny
• Exploit information about the flow of information
to improve collaborative work
– Capture, organize, and place tacit information for most
effective use
– Learning techniques: infer communications flow, indirect
relationships, and availability/participation to enhance
awareness and support opportunistic decision making
• New collaborative applications
– 3D “activity spaces” for representing decision-making
activities, people, & information sources
– Visual cues to denote strength of ties between agents,
awareness levels, activity tracking, & attention span
8/5/99
Philips
27
Option 6: Info Mgmt for Intelligent
Classrooms
Leader Joseph
• Electronic Problem-based Learning
– Collaborative learning enabled by information appliances
• Enhanced Physical and Virtual Learning Spaces
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8/5/99
Wide-area, large-scale group collaboration
Capture interaction once for replay
Preference/task-driven information device selection
Service accessibility
Device connectivity
Wide-area support
Iterative evaluation
Philips
28
Option 7: Safe Component Design and
UI Design Tools
Leader Sangiovanni
• Information Appliances as an application of
hardware/software codesign
– Co-design Finite State Machines (CFSMs)
– Formal methods to verify safety from faults
– Safe partitioning of components into communicating
subcomponents placed into the wide-area
• Model-based User Interface Tools
– Information device user interfaces
– Multimodal interface design for variety of devices
8/5/99
Philips
29
Option 8: Scaled-up Field Trials
Leader Katz
• Testbed Rationale
– Study impact on larger/more diverse user community
– Higher usage levels to stress underlying architecture
– Make commitment to true utility functionality
• Increasing Scale of Testbeds
– Building-Scale
» Order 100s individuals
– Campus-Scale
» Order 1000s individuals
– City-Scale
» Order 100000 individuals
8/5/99
Philips
30
Putting It All Together
1. Diverse Devices
2. Data Utility
3. Capture/Reuse
4. Negotiation
5. Tacit Knowledge
6. Classroom
7. Design Methods
8. Scale-up
Devices
Component Discovery
& Negotiation
Fluid Software
Utility
Info Extract/Re-use
Self-Organization
Applications
Group Decision Making
Learning
8/5/99
Philips
31
universal
Function: adjective
1 : including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively
without limit or exception
2 a : present or occurring everywhere b : existent or operative
everywhere or under all conditions <universal cultural patterns>
3 a : embracing a major part or the greatest portion (as of
mankind) <a universal state> <universal practices> b :
comprehensively broad and versatile <a universal genius>
4 a : affirming or denying something of all members of a class or
of all values of a variable b : denoting every member of a class
<a universal term>
5 : adapted or adjustable to meet varied requirements (as of use,
shape, or size)
8/5/99
Philips
32
F99 Universal Computing Lab w/ IBM
• Intelligence in the infrastructure
– Production Ninja cluster servers
• Computing and connectivity wherever you go
– compact notebooks
• and in the space around you
– kiosk machines with touch-sensitive flat panels
• with novel form factors
– more pilots
• plus a mix of wired ethernet, wireless, and IR
• rennovated offices to form a flexible shared
space cutting across areas
8/5/99
Philips
33
Where should Philips and UCB go
together?
8/5/99
Philips
34
Constrained Personal Device &
Untrusted Gateway
NINJA
Key Store
Personal
Appl
Embeded
Untrusted
Client
Trusted
Client
8/5/99
sRMI
GWY
https
RMI
PXY
CF
ST
Content Filter
(pseudonym)
DATEK
(Trust Contract)
https
Philips
35
Example: Minimal Trader
• Shared secret between
user and keystore
• keystore maps to
service identity /
authentication
• Content filter
transcodes to very
concise info to pilot
8/5/99
Philips
36
Uniform Access to Diverse Services
NINJA
Key Store
Personal
Appl
Embeded
Untrusted
Client
Trusted
Client
8/5/99
sRMI
GWY
https
RMI
PXY
CF
ST
Content Filter
(pseudonym)
Trade-R-us
Trade-R-us
DATEK
(Trust Contract)
https
Philips
37
Automated “Clients”, ...
NINJA
Key Store
Personal
Appl
sRMI
GWY
RMI
PXY
CF
ST
BOT svc
Embeded
Untrusted
Client
Trusted
Client
8/5/99
https
Content Filter
(pseudonym)
Trade-R-us
Trade-R-us
DATEK
(Trust Contract)
https
Philips
38
Fall’98 Project Excerpts
• E-Commerce and Security
– Pay-Per-Use Services on the Palm Computing Platform (Mike Chen, Andrew Geweke)
– Secure Email Infrastructure for PDAs (Hoon Kang, Rob von Behren)
– SyncAnywhere - Secure Network HotSync (Mike Chen, Helen Wang)
• Groupware
– Kiretsu - Ninja Instant Messaging Service (Matt Welsh, Steve Gribble)
– The MASH MediaPad - Shared Electronic Whiteboard for the PalmPilot (Yatin Chawathe)
– NotePals - Lightweight Meeting Support Using PDAs (Richard Davis)
– OSKI - Open Shared Kalendaring Infrastructure (Jason Hong, Brad Morrey, Mark
Newman)
• OS and Communications
–
PalmRouter - Networking Sporadically Connected Devices (Andras Ferencz, Robert
Szewczyk)
• Numerous Architecture Studies
• Excellent UI Projects
– Ink Chat, Nutrition/Excercise Tracker, Rendezvous - Meeting Scheduler
8/5/99
Philips
39