Ham Radio Power and Energy! Ham Radio depends on Power & Energy! It’s a whole new world of Power.
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Ham Radio Power and Energy! Ham Radio depends on Power & Energy! It’s a whole new world of Power Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Death and …. Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Death and …. Taxes … Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Death and …. Taxes … and Utilities! Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Death and …. Taxes … and Utilities! But you can do something about these! Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Save 30% Death and …. Taxes … Eliminate 100% to Zero! and Utilities! But you can do something about these! Lets talk Solar! Portable Power Generation 350 W aux power 1200W AC inverter $120 Invert to 120 VAC For distribution 95% efficiency Saves 100:1 in wire losses 1980 Who is WB4APR? 1990 1970 1978 2012 2009 2010 2007 2013 Future? 2009 It’s a new world of Power 9 amp 8 amp 18 amp Power Systems have CHANGED! Switching supply takes up 8% of the space and only 10% of the mass and works 100-240 VAC AND 100-330 VDC Power Distribution@ 330 VDC Nearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC 730 mA Doubles 120 to 230 VAC Eliminate 75% of Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery Distribution losses Power Distribution 330 VDC Nearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC Kenwood 115 VAC only supply Eliminate 75% of Actually has internal jumper Distribution losses Example: SWER Distribution Problem: 6 Hr ops from Hill top 3200’ from car Power Distribution SWER Emergency Power: Single Wire Earth Return Double to 230 VAC at source Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery Not approved by NEC Power Distribution SWER Emergency Power: Single Wire Earth Return 3200’ system fits in laptop bag Not approved by NEC Power Distribution SWER Emergency Power: Use Single Wire Earth Return Not approved by NEC Power Distribution SWER Emergency Power: Single Wire Earth Return And 3200’ of #22 = 50 ohms Not approved by NEC Power Distribution SWER Single Wire Earth Return Not approved Double to 230 VAC at source Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery by NEC Power Distribution SWER Single Wire Earth Return Not approved by NEC 2 Laptops, 50W dual band, 2 HT’s and APRS – 6 Hours Golden Packet Event 26 July 2010 14 Hops Alabama to Maine! SUCCESS! 26 July 2014 2 Laptops, 50W dual band, 2 HT’s and APRS – 6 Hours 220/330 VDC distribution 50 kW peak (10 kW average) Safe, cheap connectors (Modified to prevent incorrect use.) Greater distances At half the current At twice the power #18 zip cord can carry 1000 watts easily Hybrid - 50 kW generators on wheels 2005 in 2008 $7k, 19k miles P1 P2 2005 in 2010 $6k, 90k miles P2 Prius Hotel P3 Energy – it’s a whole new world! Lighting Solar Power for Electricity Bob Bruninga, WB4APR Annapolis, MD 21401 http://www.aprs.org/alternative-energy.html Electricity for commuting Big Picture! Fossil Burning Costs Solar Power for Electricity Electric Driving Electric Vehicle Support We include EV’s because about half of our easily-fixed energy is spent driving Lighting Heating At AFM we currently burn Propane for heat Big Picture! When is the Payback ??? When is the Breakeven ??? Paying for at-home Garbage Pickup is from Day ONE ! Big Picture! When is the Payback ??? When is the Breakeven ??? Paying for Sewage Plants – is from Day ONE ! Big Picture! When is the Payback ??? When is the Breakeven ??? Investing in Solar Power - is from Day ONE ! Because that’s when we Stop Beating Mother Nature and stealing from our kids future. Big Picture! 1 House, 1 Year 4 Tons of Coal Yes, we have 100 years of coal, but there won’t be anything left of WV! OUR PRESENT LIFESTYLE IS NOT SUSTAINABLE! Are we part of the problem? Or part of the Solution? Just breathing Ur Car in Ur Garage How long are you willing to stay in your garage with your engine running? Just breathing Ur Car in Ur Garage Just breathing Cars and Electricity Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat for 24 hours Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat for a month Big Picture! Clean Energy, SOLAR Carbon Equivalence! Each Panel = 8 Trees. Our system = 312 trees! = (3 acres of trees) Lighting: Save 4 to 1 Energy! (breakeven in 5 days!) Cost 50 cents. $1 Save $50 over the life of the bulb! House with 50 bulbs saves $2500 Only 1 in 4 households do it! Solar Power is here & Growing Exponentially Solar Cost! Equaled Utility in 2010 Half the Utility in 2013 2009 2013 I was so wrong! • My concept of solar power was always this: Battery Storage (off Grid) Grid-tie Revolutionized Solar • No Batteries! Grid-Tie Every Watt Produced is valued at full Retail Rates! A simple Ground Mount Panel Array Cost 200 W $15,000 2008 220 W $ 9,000 2010 $ 6,000 2012 250 W $ 3,000 2013 $ 2,000 2014 (300W) $ 1,900 2015 What is Grid-tie Solar? As simple as a 20A breaker - L1, L2, N & Ground Grid Solar Power = Emergency Power • COMPLETELY DIVORCE any thoughts of “emergency power” from Economical power. • Solar power (grid-tie) is for ECONOMICAL POWER! • Emergency power has completely different optimal solutions. (Short term and Armageddon) $400 $10,000 44 What isn’t Grid-tie Solar? Standard Grid-tie Solar Series up to 600 V to minimize wire loss (7A = #14 wire) Grid-down Solar Power Emergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems Power Distribution@ 330 VDC Nearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC 730 mA Doubles 120 to 230 VAC Eliminate 75% of Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery Distribution losses Grid-down Solar Power Emergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems Simple A/C Disconnect 60 amps 600v Only $6 Grid-down Solar Power Emergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems TV, Stereo PC, internet, laptop Chargers: Cell Ham Radio (Switching PS) Lights (incandescent-series) Anything with SW/PS Grid-down Solar Power Emergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems TV, Stereo Well pump PC, internet, laptop Furnace Blower Chargers: Cell Appliances Ham Radio (Switching PS) Heaters Lights (incandescent-series) A/C Anything with SW/PS Everything you NEED Grid-down Solar Power You NEED a 200-500 VDC input – 60 Hz Inverter! Prius Plug-out-kit: 2, 3 & 5 KVA 50 kW generator Hybrid! Grid-down Solar Power You NEED a 200-500 VDC input – 60 Hz Inverter! Leaf-to Home: 6 KVA – 24 kWh battery Prius-to-Home (50 kW gen) Solar Backup Power Ideas • • • • Even cloudy days = 10% of array power Minimum overnight power: Refrigerator & Lights 16 Hrs x 250W = 4 kWh Four Deep-cycle Car Batteries $150 $400 Angles - less important with Grid-Tie Amazing, even due East, you still get 85% effectiveness! Angles - less important, More Roof is! Amazing! Increase power by 60% to 100% on other side! Government Incentives! • Federal gives 30% tax credit. No limit • State of Maryland Grant – – – – In 2010 for our 8kW system was $7000 In 2011 was $5000 In 2013 was $1000 In 2014 is ??? (argh!) • AA County Real Estate Tax credit – $2500 • Total Gov’t Tax Credits return ~ 40% of investment! What to do with $12,000? Put in bank @ 1% Pay $700/yr for life for electricity 10 yrs $5,000 Equity left $ 900 Earned interest $5,900 Equity Own nothing Continue $700/yr for life $ 0 after 7 more years Buy 4 kW solar $12k equity Get back $3600 immediately on taxes Get back $600/yr in SRECs (5 yrs) Get $700 free electricity/year Get ??? From State? County? City? $12,000 System Value $ 3,600 Tax refund $ 3,000 SREC’s $18,600 Equity You own your own Energy system NO utilities for life! Finish this Sentence: • There is nothing certain in life except Save 30% Death and …. Taxes … Eliminate 100% to Zero! and Utilities! But you can do something about these! 8% - 10% Annapolis Church 9 kW Array $20k Completed 31 Jan 2014 Now a year later, we have had 12 months of ZERO bills! (saving us $2400/yr) Annapolis Church 9 kW Array System Components Inverter Circuit Breaker Sturdy (don’t do this at home!) Annapolis Church 9 kW Array Choosing Tilt Angle Tilt angle chosen was 25 deg instead of 35 deg to reduce visibiity (<1% loss) Notice also that orienting to SE or SW would only lose <3% 50% Energy Driving to Church 50% of Church’s energy/emissions due to driving! With the Solar array, EV driving is 100% renewable Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/EV-charging-everywhere.html Most of what we think we know about EV’s might be wrong Bob Bruninga, EVADC Cost too much! Runs on coal from Power Plant (Carbon) Most of us, Greybeards too, drive gas cars with gas-tank thinking Range too short Useless in power outage Planet Impact worse than a Hummer No Infrastructure Not enough chargers Takes too long to charge Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html EVs Now cheaper than gas!....? 2013 Over 30 EV’s now on Market! (in just 4 years!) Only 4 cost more than the average gas car! ($33k) Background: Public Charging (misplaced focus) Provides comfort & security… … like a spare gas can EV Charging is done mostly at home or at work while parked Background: Public Charging (14% of need) Provides comfort & security… like a spare gas can 85% of all charging is at home Buying an EV with the idea of public charging, means not understanding EV’s and maybe buying the wrong car! A Battery is not a TANK! The Complete Paradigm Shift: Gas cars drive-to-empty, then fill-to-full at Public Stations EV’s charge daily at home and at work while parked Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Every EV can charge from any 120v outlet Charging stations for every EV is not sustainable at-work: Every EV comes with a 120v charge cord Exist or $15 each $6000 installed Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Charge at Home (and at work) 0.3% of the need Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Charge at Home (and at work) 0.3% of the need Public Charging is like looking for $10 gas! 85% of all charging is at home on standard 120v outlets Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Charging While Parked (21 hrs/day) Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Our Legacy experience Oh the Horror! People see this And think $50 Reality with EV’s is 20¢/hr $1 a day Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html 120v outlets solve 97% of charging-at-work Church Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Charging Load at 120v: 1 Coffee Pot = Level 1 EV charging Pay $20/mo For 20mi commute Bob Bruninga, PE IEEE Transportation Committee http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.html Plug-in at work (double range, quadruple area) Charge at home only = 16 mi range (chevy Volt) Charge L1 at work/home = 64 mi range Range of Chevy Volt (on electricity) Electric! One Family Example: from 3000 gal/year down to 200 gal/year And we help Environment And save money! Solar Water Heating – WAS Best Application for solar 1950 - 2005 Best energy capture per sqft… 1950-2005 Solar PV EQUAL to Thermal hot water… in 2005 Heatpump water heating – game-changer ! 2005 - Solar PV now BETTER than Thermal hot water… 100% hot water not used EVERYDAY … Excess solar every day is lost ! 100% of solar energy = full retail value Independent of how you use it! My Kitchen DIY Heat Pump So, Lets do the right thing… Move forward with clean Energy Bob Bruninga, WB4APR Annapolis, MD 21401 http://www.aprs.org/AFM-environment.html 410-293-6417 Big Picture! Fossil Burning Costs Solar Power for Electricity Electric Driving Electric Vehicle Support We include EV’s because about half of our easily-fixed energy is spent driving Lighting Heating At AFM we currently burn Propane for heat Heating Costs – Oil, Propane… Actually our biggest Energy cost is our Propane heating. Switching to Ground Source Heatpump saved 60% of our energy costs! Switching from Propane to Ground Source Heatpump Our heating costs will go down 60% AND being electric, we can replace that with solar for additional savings! Summary Hams KNOW Energy! • If you have sun, FREE Energy + 10%/yr for LIFE! • If most of your driving is local, Reduce Driving costs by 4 to 1 with an EV! • If you have a Hybrid, your have 50 kW power! • Think - Energy & Power – Ham service • There are practically no 60 Hz Xformers now • Most new things run on 100-240 VAC/ (330VDC) • Prepare for flexible, versitile energy • Stop burning Fossil Fuel where U can!