Human Needs and Mobile Devices: Small, Fast & Fun Ben Shneiderman [email protected] Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for.
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Human Needs and Mobile Devices: Small, Fast & Fun Ben Shneiderman [email protected] Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies & Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil) User Interface Design Goals • • Cognitively comprehensible: Consistent, predictable & controllable Affectively acceptable: Mastery, satisfaction & responsibility NOT: Adaptive, autonomous & anthropomorphic Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly) • • • • • Specify users and tasks Predict and measure time to learn speed of performance rate of human errors human retention over time Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) Accommodate individual differences Consider social, organizational & cultural context Design Issues • • • • Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration & communities Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI hcibib.org useit.com Library of Congress • Scholars, Journalists, Citizens • Teachers, Students Visible Human Explorer (NLM) • Doctors • Surgeons • Researchers • Students NASA Environmental Data • Scientists • Farmers • Land planners • Students Bureau of Census • Economists, Policy makers, Journalists • Teachers, Students NSF Digital Government Initiative • Find what you need • Understand what you Find Census, NCHS, BLS, EIA, NASS, SSA www.ils.unc.edu/govstat/ International Children’s Digital Libary Zooming User Interfaces www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa www.windsorinterfaces.com Leonardo’s Laptop The old computing is about what computers can do, The New Computing is about what people can do mitpress.mit.edu/leonardoslaptop www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing An Inspirational Muse: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Renaissance Man • • • • Combined science & art Integrated engineering & esthetics Balanced technology advances & human values Merged visionary & practical Health & Wellness Devices • • • More people are familiar with technologies Low cost makes them widely available ?Social shift? to take greater responsibility for personal health care, fitness & wellness Personal health & wellness devices However: • Lack of common interface inhibits growth • Lack of common file format prevents collaboration Surveys: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/iHealth/ Class Projects: www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2004/cmsc434/ Health & Wellness Devices • • • • Monitoring chronic conditions Asthma, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders Aging in place Cognitive & memory aids, monitoring, social interaction Sports & training Pedometers, body fat meters, bathroom scales Family history & personal health records Genetic history, vaccinations, medications, allergies Emergency treatment info, medical contacts www.marketresearch.com/map/prod/924670.html Blood Glucose www.homediagnosticsinc.com/ Blood Pressure & Pulse Rate www.promedproducts.com Heart Rate & Thermometer Body Fat www.linear-software.com/digitalcalipers.html Standardize & Improve Health & Wellness Devices Issues •Ease of use •Accuracy of device in use •Logging to common file format •Save/Send to health providers •Annotation by patient & physician •Interpretation of results •Visualize to spot patterns HCI Theories Beneficial theories: - Descriptive - Explanatory - Predictive - Prescriptive but the big step forward will be - Generative Theories to guide our invention of new technologies Human Needs • What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? Human Needs • • What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? Human Needs • • • What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? Human Needs • • • • What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send? Human Needs • • • • What makes a mobile device different from a Desktop/Laptop? What sensors do you want? What do you want to store? What messages do you want to get? Send? Do you see a pattern yet? Mobile Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT) (1) capture share info from a location info to a location (2) monitor alert when info stream output info stream changes (3) locate identify objects (nearest cafe or hotspot) objects (name of a person or flower) (4) gather spread messages from many people message to many people (5) participate as relate to individual in a group individual in a group Human Needs for Relationships Relationships • Self: working on your own • Family & Friends: 2-50 close intimates • Colleagues & Neighbors: 50-5000 acquaintances • Citizens & Markets: 5000 and more Human Needs for Activities Activities • Collect: Information • Relate: Communication • Create: Innovation • Donate: Dissemination Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Activities Relationships Collect Relate Create Donate Self Family & Friends Colleagues & Neighbors Citizenry & Markets Skeptics corner - Are relationships more complex? - Are these useful activities? Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Activities Relationships Self Family & Friends Colleagues & Neighbors Citizenry & Markets Collect Relate Identicam Donate PhotoDiary PhotoFinder PhotoMesa Album sharing PhotoFinder Kiosk PhotoWall PhotoFinder Webstarter Create StoryStarter Family photo history PhotoQuilt Photo sharing Activities and Relationship Table (ART) Activities Relationships Self Collect Medical log InfoDoors Citizenry & Markets Create Donate Diary Find-aFriend Family & Friends Colleagues & Neighbors Relate MusicLists Family vacation history Medical diagnosis Tourist sharing Send-a-Link GatherEmail WebBushes WorldWide Med Million person communities Takeaway Messages • • Mobile devices are huge opportunity Small, fast & fun Low-cost, easy-to-use, specific service Focusing on human needs will guide you to more successful product designs Device User Interface Taxonomy (DUIT) Activities & Relationship Table (ART) The old computing is about what computers can do, The New Computing is about what people can do Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory www.cs.umd.edu/hcil Takeaway Messages • • • Design functions to serve human needs Usability + reliability to prevent frustration Engage users with fun Alluring metaphors Compelling content Attractive graphics Appealing animations Satisfying sounds Photo Annotation • Annotating & repurposing photos in the Semantic Web context Retrieve by personal attributes: name, date, topic? age, country, organization?? weight, necksize, hair color????? Retrieve by mediated attributes: numbers of papers/citations in WWW other conferences they attended names of students they supervised Goals of Public Access • Enable full participation by every citizen Voting, social security services, passports, licenses, registrations, permits, recreation, state-county-city government services • Offer services to many residents & visitors Visa applications, tourism info, employment, healthcare, police, fire, education, training, museums, parks, libraries Universal Usability Challenges • • • Technology variety Fast & slow modems, small & large displays Diverse platforms, multiple versions User diversity Novice & expert, old & young Users with disabilities, poor literacy, or low motivation Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Multi-layer interfaces Help vs. ShowMe! Technology variety 1 to 100 range in processor speeds 286 486 Pentium 1 to 100 range in screen sizes Palm devices 30,000 Laptops 480,000 Device Independence Input: keyboard, speech,... Output: visual, auditory,... Conversion Large Desktop or Wall Display 3,840,000 pixels 1 to 100 range in network bandwidth 9.6K 56K 10,000Kbps Software Versions Compatibility File conversion Multiple platforms User diversity: Accommodate all users Skills Computer newbie to hacker Knowledge Disabilities Visual, auditory, motoric, cognitive Domain novice to expert Age Young to old Gender Male or Female Disabling conditions Mobility, injury, noise, sunlight Income Impoverished to wealhy User diversity: Accommodate all users Race Ethnicity Religion National Origin Culture Western, Eastern, developing... Personality Introvert vs extravert Thinking vs feeling Risk aversion Locus of control Planful vs playful Literacy Fluent to illiterate Multiple languages Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Design Multi-Layered Task-oriented Online Learning (evolutionary, phased) Introductory tutorials Getting started manuals, Cue cards Walkthroughs/Demos Minimalist/Active Training Fade-able scaffolding Training wheels Minimalist Online help Context sensitive, tables of contents, Indexes, Keyword search, FAQs, answer gardens Gaps in User Knowledge-Strategies Bridge the gap between what users know and what they need to know Customer service Email Phone Help desks Supplements Online manuals, paper Audio, video, Live lecture, peer training, personal trainer Community Newsgroups, online communities Chat rooms Public Access & Universal Usability • Our Project Resources www.ils.unc.edu/govstat www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/newcomputing www.universalusability.org www.otal.umd.edu/uupractice • Government Access www.usability.gov www.firstgov.gov www.fedstats.gov • Guidelines www.usability.gov/pdfs/guidelines.html www.access-board.gov/sec508/status.htm Designing the User Interface: 4th Edition I: Introduction 1 Usability of Interactive Systems 2 Guidelines, Principles, and Theories II: Development Processes 3 Managing Design Processes 4 Evaluating Interface Designs 5 Software Tools III: Interaction Styles 6 Direct Manipulation and Virtual Environments 7 Menu Selection, Form Fillin, and Dialog Boxes 8 Command and Natural Languages 9 Interaction Devices 10 Collaboration IV: Design Issues 11 Quality of Service 12 Balancing Function and Fashion 13 User Manuals, Online Help, and Tutorials 14 Information Search and Visualization Treemap – Monitoring www.hivegroup.com Treemap – Gene Ontology www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/ Dynamometers & Inclinometers Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) PhotoMesa www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa LifeLines www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/lifelines/ Treemap: Stock market, industry clustered Treemap – Product catalogs www.hivegroup.com Personal Medical Anxiety & Depression Asthma