Transcript Car ownership, mileage, and risky driving among young intermediate drivers Presenter: Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD Candidate (Prof Barry Watson, Dr Mark King, Dr Melissa.

Car ownership, mileage, and risky driving
among young intermediate drivers
Presenter: Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD Candidate
(Prof Barry Watson, Dr Mark King, Dr Melissa Hyde)
Australasian College of Road Safety National Conference, Melbourne, 1-2 September 2011
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Extent of the Problem
• Young drivers (17-25 yrs) in Australia, 2008
– 26% of all road fatalities
• 80% were male
• Young drivers (17-24 yrs) in Queensland, 2008
– 13% of licensed driver/ rider population
– 20% of road fatalities
– 33% of all fatalities involved young drivers/ riders
Casualty Crash Involvement in
Queensland by Licence Type
No. drivers in casualty crashes
600
500
Learner
licence
phase
Provisional licence phase
Open licence phase
400
300
200
100
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
Years after licensing
Source: Queensland Government, 2005
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Key changes to Queensland’s Graduated
Driver Licensing (GDL) Program, July 2007
• Learner
– 16 years of age (was 16.5 yrs)
– 12 month minimum duration (was 6 months)
– 100 hours supervised practice recorded in logbook
• Provisional
– Two stages (was one three-year Provisional licence)
• Provisional 1: 12 month minimum duration, nighttime passenger restrictions
Hazard Perception Test
• Provisional 2: 24 month minimum duration
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Vehicle Ownership
• High rates of ownership amongst the mostinexperienced drivers
– 28% - 70% of novices own car/primary access
– Ownership rates increase considerably during
Provisional period
– Ownership associated with more risky driving
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•
•
•
Speeding, particularly at night and with friends as passengers
Crashes, including ‘hooning’ crash involvement
Offences
Greater mileage
– Longer ownership duration = more offences and crash
involvement
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Longitudinal Research
• Survey 1
• 1032 drivers 17-19 years (609 females)
• Queensland-wide sample, recruited April-June 2010
when passed practical driving assessment
• Experiences and behaviours as a Learner driver
• Survey 2
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•
•
•
6 months of driving with a Provisional P1 licence
355 drivers 17-20 years (247 females)
Experiences and behaviours as a Provisional driver
341 drivers provided ownership information
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Results: Exposure
• Distance
• Average 175 km/week
• 52% ≤ 100 km/week
• Duration
• Average 7.5 hours/week
• 87% ≤ 10 hours/week
• Consistency throughout Provisional period
• 17% greater exposure at first
• 47% same exposure throughout
• 16% greater exposure now
•
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Results cont.
• 75% of Provisional drivers owned their own car
• Crash involvement since gaining their Provisional
licence (6 months earlier)
– 10% of drivers (male = female)
• Offence detected by Police
– 18% of males
– 10% of females
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Significant socio-demographic differences
Characteristic
Own car
Australian-born
Yes
No
80.8%
54.8%
English-speaking home
Yes
No
80.2%
40.0%
Studying
Yes
No
74.5%
83.9%
Employed
Yes
No
82.5%
67.1%
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Significant exposure differences
Characteristic
Own car
No car
Duration of Learner period
M (SD)
15.77 (5.14)
18.70 (7.17)
Hours in Learner logbook
M (SD)
107.03 (16.03)
102.48 (20.01)
Exposure: Hours
M (SD)
7.64 (8.80)
6.25 (9.84)
Exposure: Kilometres
M (SD)
193.42 (170.23)
97.73 (96.81)
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Significant risky behaviours
Characteristic
Own car
No car
‘Talk out of ticket’ (punishment avoidance)
No
100.0%
77.4%
0.0%
22.6%
Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale
(BYNDS)
M (SD)
77.20 (15.37)
72.42 (13.76)
Risky Exposure subscale (BYNDS)
M (SD)
26.01 (5.00)
22.68 (5.16)
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Other findings of interest
• 95% of crashes reported by drivers residing in urban areas
• Provisional drivers who reported a crash as a Learner
were less likely to report owning a car
• Provisional drivers who reported an offence had been
detected as a Learner or as a Provisional driver
– were significantly more likely to report owning a car
– reported significantly greater duration and distance of exposure
• Provisional drivers who reported more exposure recently
reported
– less crash involvement
– more offences had been detected
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Discussion & Future Research
• High rate of ownership (75%) among the most
inexperienced drivers
– Consistent with prior research: no gender differences;
owners more likely to be employed; greater exposure; more risky
driving, crashes, offences
– Inconsistent with prior research: higher ownership rates in
rural areas (88% vs 77% in urban areas, ns)
– Future research: When do they get the car? Car
characteristics? Who pays for it? Is their driving monitored by
Mum/Dad?
• Greater exposure than previously reported (particularly
important as self-report is frequently an underestimate)
– Future research: When/why driving? Where? With whom?
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Discussion & Future Research cont.
• Learners who crashed less likely to own a car:
Availability issue? Apprehension? Punishment?
• Every Learner who offended had a car as a
Provisional driver: More exposure, offences, crashes,
talking out of fine
• Owners reported a shorter Learner duration and
more hours in the logbook: Highly motivated?
Vehicle ownership plays a role?
• Research limitations: Self-report; Attrition (70% of
Survey 2 participants were female)
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Discussion & Future Research cont.
• GDL programs may need to incorporate
additional education for parents and novices
– Family responsibilities frequently change with
licensure
– Family car may be safer vehicle than young novice
driver can afford themselves
– Increased risks associated with ownership (more
exposure, more risky driving, more crashes, more
offences)
– Monitor car use (journey characteristics, passenger
carriage)
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Discussion & Future Research cont.
• Researchers have suggested owners are
predisposed to risky driving, and the vehicle
allows this to happen (psychological states/traits)
– No differences in psychological distress (anxiety,
depression)
– No differences in sensation seeking propensity and
sensitivity to reward
• Suggests traits/states do not influence ownership,
rather ownership allows these traits/states to
influence their behaviour
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Conclusions
• Most novice drivers have their own car within six
months of independent driving
• Owning a car was associated with risky
behaviour (Risky driving, more exposure, crashes,
offences)
• GDL programs should incorporate an education
component specifically addressing the increased
risks for the novice who owns their car
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Questions?
Contact Details: Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD Candidate
Telephone: +61 7 3138 7727
Email: [email protected]
Mark your Diaries!
International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference
(ICADTS T2013)
August 2013, Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre
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