Study of Biology copyright cmassengale What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants,
Download ReportTranscript Study of Biology copyright cmassengale What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants,
Study of Biology
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What is Biology?
Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals
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All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1.
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Basic Unit is the Cell They Reproduce All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) Grow & Develop
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Common Characteristics
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Obtain & Use Materials & Energy Respond To Their Environment Maintain A Stable Internal Environment AS A GROUP , Living Things Evolve , That Is They Change Over Time
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Characteristics of Organisms
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All Organisms are made of Cells
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Facts About Cells
Cells are the called smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell
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More Cell Facts
Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars copyright cmassengale 8
More Cell Facts
The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples
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More Cell Facts
More complex cells are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples
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Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells
Unicellular Organisms
– Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell
Multicellular Organisms
– Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells 11 copyright cmassengale
Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits
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Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents
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Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent
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Cells Have a Genetic Code
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Genetic Code DNA carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms DNA ( deoxyribose nucleic acid contain DNA codes for the proteins ) that make up cells & do all the work
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Organisms Grow & Develop
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Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop they mature into an adult organism as
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Cells Require Food & Energy
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Food Requirements
Autotrophs energy can make their own food Photoautotrophs sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their use use copyright cmassengale 20
Food Requirements
Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores Omnivores eat meat eat plants & animals 21 copyright cmassengale
Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth
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Metabolism Cellular Respiration – Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 copyright cmassengale 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 23
Organisms Respond to Stimuli
Organisms Respond (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce to stimuli
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Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) For Life Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc .
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Living Things Evolve
Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments.
Fossil records organisms show changes in groups of
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Life is Organized on Several Levels
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Levels
Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells – life starts here Tissues Organs System Organism copyright cmassengale 28
Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
Levels
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