Transcript Chapter 18 Classification - Cy-Fair High School Biology

Classification
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How long would it take you to find an outfit?
How are the clothing grouped together?
What are some
groups you see
here?
What is Classification?
•Classification is when we place
organisms into organized
groups based on their
similarities
Classification is also known as
taxonomy.
Taxonomists are scientists
that identify & name
organisms
•
•
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Why Classify?
•Give organisms a universally
accepted name, eliminates
confusion from using common
names
Groups numerous & diverse
(different) organisms into
logical order
•
Carolus Linnaeus
• Called the “Father
1707 – 1778
of Taxonomy”
• Classified
organisms by their
similar structures
& appearance
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Today’s Taxonomic System
is based on
1. Physical Appearance
2. Evolutionary
Relationships
3. DNA Similarities
(Genetic sequence- do they
share a common ancestor?)
Classification Groups
• Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a
•
•
category into which related
organisms are placed
There is a hierarchy of groups
(taxa) from broadest to most
specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, species
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CATEGORIES OF TAXONOMY (OR TAXONS)
• Domain- Broadest group, few traits in common
• Kingdom- 2nd Broadest group, few traits in common
• Phylum- make-up a kingdom
• Class- make-up a phylum
• Order- make-up a class
• Family- make-up a order
• Genus- make-up a family
• Species- smallest, most specific group, with many
traits in common.
Dumb
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Grape
Soda!
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Which taxon has the
most organisms
included?
Kingdom
_____________
Which taxon has the
fewest organisms?
___________
Species
Which 2 organisms
are most closely
related? How do you
________
and Black bear,
know? Grizzly
most levels in common
_____________
Scientific Names
•organisms
Accurately & uniformly names
•all
Uses same language (Latin) for
names
Sea”horse”??
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Confusion in Using Different
Languages for Names
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Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
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Carolus Linnaeus
•Developed the modern
system of naming known
as binomial nomenclature
•Two-word name (Genus &
species)
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Binominal Nomenclature
(Scientific Name)
•2SPECIES
words using the GENUS & the
•Genus is CAPITALIZED
ex. Canis
•Species is lower case
ex. lupus
•Both Genus & species is underlined
or italicized
ex.: Canis lupus or Canis lupus = Wolf
Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens = Human
Binomial Nomenclature
Same genus
Which TWO are more closely related? Why?__________
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Dichotomous Keying
•Used to identify organisms
•Characteristics given in pairs
•Read both characteristics and
either go to another set of
characteristics OR identify
the organism
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Example of Dichotomous Key
1a
1b
2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
Tentacles present – Go to 2
Tentacles absent – Go to 3
Eight Tentacles – Octopus
More than 8 tentacles – 3
Tentacles hang down – go to 4
Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone
Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish
Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5
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Classify
this
frog
Which 2 organisms are more closely related?
Which 2 organisms are more closely
related?