Transcript General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p.

General Features and Major Evolutionary
Trends of Apes and Humans
(Hominoidea)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131
First,
Some Important Terms
“Anthropoids”
= all living and extinct
monkeys, apes and humans
Anthropoids
Anthropoids
“Hominoids”
= all living and extinct
apes and humans
Hominoids
Hominoids
“Hominids”
= modern humans and their
nearest predecessors
Hominids
Hominids
Hominids
Hominids (Hominidae)
Hominids are modern
humans
and their nearest
predecessors
Hominids
Useful markers of the earliest
hominids:
•reduced canine length . . .
•adaptations for bipedalism . . .
Hominids
. . . in the final analysis
only the evidence of
habitual bipedalism
unmistakably marks a
fossil species as hominid.”
“
-- Campbell-Loy, p. 188
Hominids
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Australopithecus . . .
(Hominids)
Paranthropus . . .
(maybe)
Homo . . .
Hominids
Over-all Comparisons
Gibbon
Orangutan
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Modern Human
gibbons
humans
bonobos
orangutans
chimps
gorillas
Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 8th ed, p. 138f
General Features and Major Evolutionary
Trends of Apes and Humans
(Hominoidea)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
1. As a group the apes
have been the
subject of much
mythology and many
misconceptions
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 168
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
2. “Dental apes”
probably originated in
the early Oligocene
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 183
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Dental apes are “apes”
with monkey-like bodies
who did not hang or
swing
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Dental apes are
Oligocene Anthropoids
Next: Oligocene Anthropoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 191