Transcript Miocene Hominoids Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
Miocene
Hominoids
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that
brachiated probably
originated in the Early
Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution
of arboreal suspension . . .
would the modern
meaning of the term ape
have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195
“Times to Remember” WebPage
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Apes
flourished in the
later part of the Miocene
ca. 15 – 5 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Well represented in the fossil record by
such forms as:
Sivapithecus . . .
Ramapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Ouranopithecus
Dryopithecus
Proconsul
Oreopithecus
Gigantopithecus
General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Rudapithecus
Pasalar
Nyanzapithecus
Afropithecus
Turkanopithecus
Rangwapithecus
and others
Miocene hominoid distribution, from fossils thus far discovered
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Proconsul africanus
(from early Miocene)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Proconsul
Proconsul
Proconsul
Proconsul
Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids:
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Oreopithecus (Miocene Ape)
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 187
Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids:
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 41
Primates des Faluns de Touraine
Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids:
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Prehistoric Primates
“Dryopithecus – Y”
“Y – 5”
“Y-5” and “+-4” patterns
“Y-5” patterns
Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids:
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Sivapithecus
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
Prehistoric Primates
Genus
Sivapithecus
Species
Ramapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Ouranopithecus
“Times to Remember” WebPage
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Modern chimpanzee
Sivapithecus
Orangutan
ca. 8 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 198
Sivapithecus
Sivapithecus
Prehistoric Primates
Genus
Sivapithecus
Species
ramapithecus
Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
Ramapithecines
Prehistoric Cultures
Diet classifications:
• insectivorous (insects)
• herbivorous (plants)
– frugivorous
(fruits)
– graminivorous
• carnivorous
• omnivorous
(grasses)
(chiefly meats)
(all of the above)
Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids:
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Sivapithecus
Gigantopithecus
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
Next: The Great Apes
Pongids:
”The Great Apes”
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123