Transcript Global status report on non-satellite observing systems 7th meeting of THORPEX DAOS WG, Montreal 15th August 2014 Stefan Klink EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager Acknowledgements: Sabine Hafner (EUCOS.

Global status report on
non-satellite observing systems
7th meeting of THORPEX DAOS WG, Montreal
15th August 2014
Stefan Klink
EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager
Acknowledgements:
Sabine Hafner (EUCOS OM), Tanja Kleinert (EUCOS QMC),
Steve Stringer (E-AMDAR), Rudolf Krockauer (E-ASAP),
Henrik Vedel (E-GVAP), Alexander Haefele (E-PROFILE),
Pierre Blouch (E-SURFMAR), Elena Saltikoff (OPERA)
E-AMDAR: Key Developments during last
year (to July 2014)
• Austrian Airlines Airbus fleet added – providing new
destinations & wider coverage in eastern Europe
• Continuing increase in global aircraft observations – now
500,000 Obs per day (see figure) from 40+ airlines
• Working with WMO an “AMDAR Onboard Software
Functional Requirements Specification” (AOSFRS) has
been produced. This provides the primary WMO
meteorological-based specification for AMDAR data
uplink and downlink for ACARS to be used by any new
participating airline or new AMDAR programme
worldwide.
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ASAP fleets
Regular ASAP fleets:
•European E-ASAP
- 18 ships under the umbrella of the European Meteorological
Network EUMETNET,
- 15 out of 18 ships are merchant ships in regular trans Atlantic
service,
- sounding area: North Atlantic (>90% of all soundings).
•Japanese ASAP
- 3 governmental research ships,
- sounding area: mainly North Pacific.
plus
•Some further research vessels which transmit their data to the GTS
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E-GVAP
•
•
•
E-GVAP provides ground-based GNSS data (zenith delays, in some cases
IWV) . This is done in close collaboration with the geodetic community in
Europe. The data are available in BUFR and ascii format.
The GNSS data provide humidity information to the models, and are
demonstrated to increase NWP model skill.
Time resolution is high, spatial resolution varies with region.
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Wind profilers:
a global player with positive impact
• Windprofilers provide vertical profiles of atmospheric wind
automatically and in real time under nearly all weather conditions.
• Important networks include: Europe (30), Canada (9), United
States (35), Japan (31), China (300), Australia (8).
• FSO studies revealed positive
Obs. Impact / day / obs. type
impact of windprofiler on
forecast in assimilation system.
• New developments of VAD (Lau
et al. 2012, AMS) and spaced
antenna (Lindseth et al. 2012,
IEEE) windprofilers as well as
new antenna designs (Imai et
al., 2010, https://global-sei.com)
to improve data quality.
[Lorenc and Marriott, 2013, QJRMS]
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Ceilometer and automatic lidars:
growing national and continental
Aerosol & Volcanic Ash
networks
• Big growth of national operational lidar networks in Europe since
eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes in 2010/2011 (e.g. France,
Ireland, Germany, United Kingdom)
• South American operational lidar network for volcanic ash
monitoring ( http://spie.org/x94865.xml ) under development.
• Global inventory of lidar and ceilometer stations available:
http://www.dwd.de/ceilomap .
Global ceilometer inventory
• Strengthening of
research aerosol lidar
networks: EARLINET
(Europe), MPLnet
(global), AD-net (Asian),
CLnet (China), …
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Global Surface Marine Observations
•
Sea Level Pressure (SLP) remains an essential parameter for NWP that cannot
be provided by the space observation segment
•
Barometer buoys are the most efficient way to measure SLP
•
•
•
Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) provide complementary observations
•
•
•
Good coverage in North Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Lesser in tropical and South
Atlantic. In progress in the Arctic. Insufficient in large areas of the Pacific Ocean.
The total number of operating buoys increased over the past 12 months: 700 in June
2014 against 400 one year earlier.
The number of visual observations (waves, visibility, clouds, past and present weather)
is decreasing.
Automation growth marks a pause but should restart within a couple of years: ~220
AWS at present.
WMO urges Members to continue and increase their participation in JCOMM
activies
•
•
contributing in the Global Drifter Programme through the funding of barometer
upgrades on standard oceanographic drifters (NOAA proposal)
Increasing automation of the observation onboard ships
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OPERA and world of radars
• Several network upgrades ongoing / tendering / planned
(19 of 30 OPERA members)
– majority of new radars are dual-polarization
• Several NWP models starting assimilation of reflectivity
or precipitation, and Doppler velocity data
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Stop of transmission of data coded in
Traditional Alphanumeric Code (TAC)
• WMO CBS agreement: …deadline of November 2014 to
stop the parallel distribution of TAC and TDCF data for
the category 1 (SYNOP and TEMP) as well as the
category 2 (satellite observations) and 4 (marine data:
SHIP and BUOY)…
• Plans to disseminate EUMETNET E-ASAP and EAMDAR data in BUFR format only - from 3rd November
onwards!
• BUFR migration status is monitored at ECMWF wiki page:
https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/TCBUF/TAC+To+B
UFR+Migration
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Stop of transmission of data coded in
Traditional Alphanumeric Code (TAC)
• Is everybody aware of
– the aforementioned WMO CBS decision and
– the possible consequence that those WMO Members
(NMHS) might stop transmitting data in TAC formats
who already providing BUFR encoded data in
parallel?
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Supplemental materials
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AMDAR: Continuing increase in global aircraft observations
– now 500,000 Obs per day
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E-AMDAR: Further activities to note
• Installation of humidity sensors on selected Lufthansa aircraft
delayed until end 2014 so that they can be fitted to newer aircraft
with longer expected lifetimes.
• Potential for extension of E-AMDAR to form basis of WMO
European region AMDAR programme, documented as a draft
AMDAR Regional Implementation Plan (A-RIP)
• E-AMDAR provided additional flights for the month of February to
enhance observing at Sochi airport before and during the Winter
Olympics.
• Three aircraft were migrated to reporting in new WIGOS AMDAR
BUFR template ahead of planned complete switch in Nov 2014
• Developments with use of Mode-S as a potential new source of
aircraft observation data have advanced. EUMETNET have formed
a Working Group to consider how this data may be produced as an
operational service.
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Distribution of gobal ASAP soundings 2013
Received soundings 2013
E-ASAP: 4110 snd.
RV Polarstern: 375 snd.
All other ships: 740 snd.
5225 radiosoundings on the GTS
79% European E-ASAP fleet (18 ships)
7% Research vessel RV Polarstern
14% All other research vessels (mainly 3 Japanese ships)
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E-GVAP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E-GVAP provides EUMETNET partners with European ground based GNSS
meteorological data (delays and in some cases IWV) for operational
meteorology. This is done in close collaboration with the geodetic
community in Europe.
The E-GVAP data are available via GTS (BUFR) and ftp (compressed ascii
format). (Restrictions apply to usage and furthering of the data to third
parties, but they do enable usage in weather forecasting.)
The GNSS data provide humidity information to the models, and are
demonstrated to increase NWP model skill.
The GNSS meteorological data have relatively high time resolution. The
system is all weather capable.
E-GVAP and NOAA/NCEP has agreed to use a common WMO approved
BUFR template for distribution of ground based GNSS meteorological data.
NOAA/NCEP data has recently become available via GTS (BUFR) and are
also available via ftp.
In combination there is data from about 2500 GNSS sites (see fig. slide 2)
E-GVAP/EUMETNET and NOAA/NCEP encourage other met services with
access to GNSS delay and IWV data to engage in a global exchange of the
data, using the WMO approved BUFR format and GTS.
Use egvap.dmi.dk and [email protected] for further information
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E-GVAP
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Ship Observation Network
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Data Buoy Network (barometer buoys)
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Barometer Drifting Buoys
Barometer drifting buoys - Data availability
Average number of operational buoys over the World Ocean
800
700
Number of of buoys
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
janv-03
janv-04
janv-05
janv-06
janv-07
janv-08
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janv-09
janv-10
janv-11
janv-12
janv-13
janv-14
OPERA: 178 radars
• Radar spacing in
average 128 km (twice
as dense as in
NEXRAD)
• Heterogenous network
(30 members, 6
manufacturers, C,S
and X-bands)
• Data hub since 2011
• Some centralized
data quality control
since March 2013
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TAC = Traditional Alphanumeric Codes
TDCF = Table Driven Code Form
CBS agreement stop of TAC distributions Nov 2014
http://www.wmo.int/pa
ges/prog/www/WMOC
odes/MigrationTDCF/
CBSEXT10matrix.pdf
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Questions and comments?
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Contact Details
Stefan Klink
EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager
GIE/EIG EUMETNET
EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager
Deutscher Wetterdienst
Frankfurter Str. 135
63067 Offenbach, Germany
GIE EUMETNET Secretariat
c/o L’Institut Royal Météorologique
de Belgique
Avenue Circulaire 3
1180 Bruxelles, Belgique
Tel: + 49 69 8062 4492
Fax: + 49 69 800 863 410
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.eumetnet.eu
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
Web:
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+32 (0)2 373 05 18
+32 (0)2 890 98 58
[email protected]
www.eumetnet.eu