Transcript http://rael.berkeley.edu Task Force 2: Practical and Transformational Approaches to Accelerate the Transition: Mobilising stakeholders to raise their commitments Daniel Kammen Class of 1935 Distinguished Professor of.

http://rael.berkeley.edu
Task Force 2:
Practical and Transformational Approaches
to Accelerate the Transition: Mobilising
stakeholders to raise their commitments
Daniel Kammen
Class of 1935 Distinguished Professor of Energy
Energy and Resources Group | Goldman School of Public Policy
Director, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory
University of California, Berkeley
SE4All HLG Meeting, Vienna, Austria – Nov 19, 2011
OVERVIEW
•
Challenge of two examples:
• Cooking: visiting and revisiting a needed service with new partners
• Solar in practice has consistently exceeded solar in theory (use-inspired)
•
Catalyze community identified and business-led products & markets
•
Business to business encouragement/rivalry is under-utilized (but generally
flourishes long-term only when government policy support is clear)
•
We need to understand better where urban and rural opportunities are similar and
synergistic, or distinctly different
•
Role of utilities today and tomorrow is under-examined/under-evolved
•
To date government engagement in most successful efforts has been reactive, not
pre-active
• Partnership in SE4All needs to reverse that traditional equation
•
Financial innovations (e.g. microcredit, GetFit+, …) can target a systems approach to
energy access
UN General
#2 Assembly resolution 65/151 rael.berkeley.edu
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
partnership with the
Tanzanian
Commission on
Science and
Technology (COST)
Educational materials:
Market stall
Purchased stoves
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UN General
Assembly resolution 65/151
Development of markets
for household energy technologies
Clean Cooking Initiative: A market-transformation program with
the objective to facilitate scale-up of private sector
investments in clean cooking solutions in Africa…

Anchored in a strategic d
partnership with the
Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves

Strengthen and support private sector
(international and local stakeholders)
along the value chain.

Scale-up of sales builds the green job
sector, provides a platform for innovation
and provides an outlet for
African entrepreneurs
#4
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Practical Experience in Market Evolution
(beyond the learning curve)
Actual market
development
October 2011
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UN General
Assembly resolution 65/151
Information and Management Tools: Regional
Average generation by fuel
within each load area and
average transmission flow
between load areas in 20262029 at 54% of 1990 emissions
for the Base Cost scenario.
This scenario corresponds to a
$70/tCO2 carbon price adder.
Transmission lines are modeled
along existing transmission
paths, but are depicted here as
straight lines for clarity. The
Rocky Mountains run along the
eastern edge of the map,
whereas the Desert Southwest
is located in the south of the
map.
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Entrepreneurial Product and Market Support
October 2011
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UN General
Assembly resolution 65/151
Mitigating barriers to the development of a
market for modern off-grid lighting

Lighting Africa is a market-based program designed to promote adoption of modern
lighting technologies in off-grid areas of Africa

The goal is to provide cleaner, more affordable lighting to 2.5 million people by 2012
and 250 million people by 2030. 2012 goal will be met. 2030?

Lighting Africa leverages new technology advancements, such as LED lighting, to
bring quality and affordable lighting and micro-energy services to people without
access to electricity.

The foundation of the program is identification of quality products and working across
the supply chain to help with market understanding, consumer awareness, policy and
regulation and access to finance.

To date, 20 quality products from 13 companies have met Lighting Africa’s quality
standard. They range from small task lamps to household systems, which offer
multiple lights and a larger battery pack. Nearly all charge mobile phones in addition
to providing lights (evolving services provided)
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Service provision and utility/ESCO evolution
Casillas and Kammen (2010) “The energy-poverty-climate nexus,” Science, 330, 1182 - 1182
UN General Assembly resolution 65/151
Service provision and utility/ESCO evolution
Lessons from an integrated
community program:
•Consumer education drove
(local) business engagement
•Product selection, design, and
re-design kept industry
engaged
• Industry engagement led to government attention
• Government perspective led to electricity utility
creation/evolution
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UN General
Assembly resolution 65/151
The Electric Jeepney (eJeepney) in Makati:
Transportation services utilizing energy/IT technology and regulation
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Financial innovation for urban dissemination
Kibera (Nairobi) initiative
-Information driven in terms of both
community interest and business model
and opportunity (low-cost metering)
-IT products are vital, and a key place to
engage/further engage the private
sector
-Product development informed strongly
by both business and community
recommendations
UN General Assembly resolution 65/151
OVERVIEW
•
Challenge of two examples:
• Cooking: visiting and revisiting a needed service with new partners
• Solar in practice has consistently exceeded solar in theory
•
Catalyze community identified and business-led products & markets
•
Business to business encouragement/rivalry is under-utilized (but generally
flourishes long-term only when government policy support is clear)
•
We need to understand better where urban and rural opportunities are similar and
synergistic, or distinctly different
•
Role of utilities today and tomorrow under-examined/under-evolved
•
To date government engagement in most successful efforts has been reactive, not
pre-active
• Partnership in SE4All needs to reverse that traditional equation
•
Financial innovations (e.g. microcredit, GetFit+, …) can target a systems approaches
to energy access
UN General
#13 Assembly resolution 65/151 rael.berkeley.edu
Extra / Resource slides
UN General Assembly resolution 65/151
Lighting Africa Impact - Insights from Beneficiaries
“I have been able to add two more hours of trading each day thanks to
a small LED lighting system that costs just $20”. Eunice Wanjiru,
Business Woman, Kenya
“A girl in my village suffered from terrible eye infections since she was a
child. Everyone thought she would never be able to see properly. Then,
one day, her family replaced their kerosene lamp with a portable solar
lamp. After two weeks, the girl’s eyes began to clear and the infections
went away. The solar lamp gave her sight!” Conference participant,
Lighting Africa 2010 Conference.
“Lighting Africa’s direct business support has been tremendously
valuable in our efforts to expand into the region. From providing honest,
direct feedback to connecting us with distributors, experts in the field, and
general industry information, our relationship with Lighting Africa has
been critical to our success in the region. “ Greenlight Planet, solar
lantern manufacturer
“Four of our members have established themselves as resellers of the
solar lighting equipment and been active in their promotion. I personally
have purchased the solar lighting products. We consider this a big win
from the Lighting Africa 2010 Conference.” Joanne Mwangi, Chairperson,
Federation of Women Entrepreneur Association (FWEA), Kenya
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Off-grid households spend annually
US$8.2 billion on inferior lighting fuels
Current spending on lighting by offgrid households
110 million
100% =
Other
7%
Biofuels
13%
Candles
27%
Spending is increasing 2010-2015
$8.2 billion
10%
4%
Off-grid Households
32%
On-grid Households
SMEs
Kerosene
53%
$1.2 Bn $1.4 Bn
$1 Bn $1.2 Bn
54%
Total
Primary lightsource
for household1
2010 2015
$8.2 Bn $9.7 Bn
$10 Bn $12.5Bn
% of lighting
spent
per household
Household lighting use surveys in 8 African geographies based on Lighting Africa and GTZ market research,
extrapolated for other geographies and kerosene use triangulated with country-level data on kerosene consumption
Source: Lighting Africa, GTZ, country census data, Dalberg analysis.
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Cost of Service Evolution: Urban Markets
Data Source: Hosier, R.H. and W. Kipondya, Urban household energy use in Tanzania. Energy Policy, 1993. May: p. 454-473. (1990)
Rebecca Ghanadan, Energy and Resources Group, University of California Berkeley, field research, (2004)
Monthly Cooking Cost
(1994 TSh/month)
Monthly Cooking Cost: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: 1990 and 2004
10,000
2004
2004
8,000
2004
6,000
4,000
1990
1990
1990
1990
2004
2004
2,000
1990
0
Charcoal
(improved)
October 2011
Charcoal
(unimproved)
Electricity
LPG
Kerosene
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Assembly resolution 65/151
Planned scale-up: Regional programs of Lighting Africa
#18
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