Transcript Zigbee Nations Team IPA Kirill Belyayev Amjad Chaudhry Arush Dhawan Aditya Kaundinya Bilal Yousufi Amjad Chaudhry Introduction/Zigbee Outline.

Zigbee Nations
Team IPA
Kirill Belyayev
Amjad Chaudhry
Arush Dhawan
Aditya Kaundinya
Bilal Yousufi
Amjad Chaudhry
Introduction/Zigbee Outline
In-Car Automation and
Monitoring System
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Sensors are placed throughout a car and
wirelessly send data back to a central
terminal
– Data displayed on LCD
– Zigbee is used to transmit and receive Data
– Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a
sensor detects something has fallen below the
threshold.
What is Zigbee?
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Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity option
ideal for low- power and low data rate applications
based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Zigbee devices may run for several years with an
original battery because of its low power
consumption.
It works well in noisy environments, mesh
networking
Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz
Implementation
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We will use Zigbee technology to measure
different components of a car and display the data
on a main LCD screen.
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Tire Pressure
Temperature
Battery Voltage
Proximity Sensor
Fluid Sensor
If any of the sensors detect a critical level our
system will be used to provide audio/visual
warnings to the driver.
Implementation
The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to:
 Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration. We send one digital value
from one chip to other chip.
 Send Multiples Values and store them in some database.
 A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital
 Display the data on an LCD screen
 Our primary goal would be to make this system modular.
– For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the
system
Goals
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Minimum
– Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that
transmits data to a central terminal where it can
be displayed on a LCD
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Optimal
– Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee
Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data
can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a
LCD
Increase Reliability
Safety
Motivation
Save Fuel. Increase Efficiency
A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure
will increase fuel consumption between
10% to 15%
 Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by
over 25%
 Proper tire inflation will also increase the
tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling.
 Other sensors will monitor the different
components of the car.
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System Architecture
Parking Sensors
Fluids level
Sensors
Battery
voltage
sensors
Tire Pressure
Sensors
Temperature
sensors
Main Terminal
Keypad
Speaker
LCD Screen
Bilal Yousufi
Power
Physical Issues
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The Final Build will need to be hardened
against the elements such as
– Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)
– Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature
between -20 °C to 50 °C
» Sensors should have small temperature coefficients
or will need compensated based on environmental
factors
– Waterproofed
Power System
Power Architecture for Primary
Terminal
5V
Car Battery
LCD Screen
Buck
Converter
Main Terminal
3.3V
Voltage Sensor
Auto-Off
Issues with using a Car Battery
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Battery Drain
– Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too
low
– Mechanical Hard Switch when not in use
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Power Surges on Car Start-Up
– Possible Solutions
» Capacitors in parallel with Battery
» UPS Connected to Battery
Development Phase Overview
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We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to
power up our system
Actual Build Overview
The Car Battery will be the main source of
power.
 A DC-DC Converter will be used to stepdown to the appropriate voltages
 A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure
the the microchips are safe from variations
in the battery voltage, temperature, and
other environmental factors
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Zigbee, Sensors, and
Microcontrollers
Burst Transmissions
 Development Phase
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– Power Adapters
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Final Build
– Main Board will be Connected to Car Battery
– Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered
by battery
Zigbee, Sensors, and
Microcontrollers
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Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues
– The Wireless Sensors that are placed
throughout the car will need an independent
power source
– Sensors’ Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA
» Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we
will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V
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Solution: Buck-Boost Converter
Kirill Belyayev
User Interface/Software
Main Terminal
RTC (optional)
MC13192 2.4 GHz
RF Data Modem
EEPROM
(optional)
MC9S08GT60
Freescale 8 bit
PLD
F-51851
LCD Screen
Keypad
RS 232
DB9
Serial Port
Speaker or buzzer
(+ D/A if required)
LCD
OPTREX F-51851
 Graphic Monochrome LCD
 240 x 64 dots
 8 bit parallel
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Development Board
13192DSK-A0E
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Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem
MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for baseband operations
Integrated sensors
MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer + MMA1260D 1.5g Z-axis accelerometer
Printed transmit-and-receive antennae
Onboard expansion capabilities for external application- specific development activities
Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and in- circuit hardware debugging
RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming
LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring and control
Connections for nine-volt battery or external power supply
* Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and example SMAC software
* Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and additional downloadable sample applications
* Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for HCS08 special edition * Includes USB HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer
(13192DSK-BDM only)
NOTE: Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer for debug and program capability
Development Board
Software Overview
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We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale
Semicondoctor) as our programming environment.
The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(MediaAccess-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee
transceiver.
We will be writing our code in the C language
with the use MAC functions.
Code will be written for the data
transmission/collection and the user interface.
Aditya Kaundinya
Sensors
Sensors
RF
Transmitter
Micro
Controller
A/D
Sensor
Built
Into
Sensor Chip
Tire Pressure Monitoring
Used to warn driver of below-optimal tire
pressure.
 GE – NPX-1 sensor
 Battery Supply Voltage – typically 3 V
 Digital output
 450-1400 kPa pressure range
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Distance Sensor
Used to warn driver of objects when
backing out of driveway, etc.
 IR Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK
 4.5 V to 5.5 V operating voltage
 30 mA average current consumption
 10 cm to 80 cm range (4" to 32")
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Temperature Sensor
Can be used to automatically adjust
temperature within the car.
 Sensirion - SHT10 sensor
 Temp. accuracy: +/- 0.5°C @ 25 °C
 Calibrated & digital output (2-wire
interface)
 Low power consumption (typ. 30 µW)
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Arush Dhawan
Sensors/Logistics
Voltage and Current Sensor for Battery
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A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage
of a battery connected to a load.
A current sensor for detecting a current flowing
from the battery to the load.
Means for collecting the voltage value detected by
the voltage sensor and the current value detected
by the current sensor every predetermined time.
The voltage and current values are then
transmitted to the main terminal which is then
displayed on the LCD screen.
Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage
becomes low (falls below 12V)
Schedule
Division of Labor
Division of Labor
Team Members
Kirill Belyayev Amjad Chaudhry Arush Dhawan Aditya Kaundinya Bilal Yousufi
Zigbee Hardware
X
X
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Main Board
X
X
Sensor Implementation
X
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Zigbee Software
X
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Sensor Software
X
X
PCB Layout/Soldering
X
X
Power
X
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Installation
X
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X
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Budget
Part
Development Kit
Tire Pressure Sensors
Voltage Sensor
Current Sensor
Proximity Sensors
Temperature Sensors
Weather Proof Casing
PCB Boards
Misc Circuit Components
25W Buck Converter
Converters (<1W)
LCD
Keypad
Speaker
Centeral Terminal Case
Batteries
Zigbee Transceivers
Zigbee Microcontrollers
Cost
Quantity
350
25
15
15
10
10
10
100
75
35
10
60
30
10
10
10
10
6
Total
Remaining
1
4
1
1
6
2
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
10
12
12
1272.00
-272.00
Total Cost
Supplier
Freescale
GE
Freescale
Freescale
Freescale
Freescale
350
100
15
15
60
20
50
100
75
35
50
60
30
10
10
100
120 Freescale
72 Freescale
Risks and Fallback Options
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Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking
experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time.
– It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology.
For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors
depending on how much time we have.
Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) will
take significant time to fully understand.
Extensions
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Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics)
with Zigbee
– Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in
OBD system that uses sensors all around the
car, usually only available to mechanics.
» Not a Standardized System
» Proprietary Software used to download data from
sensors.
Questions?