Transcript Wireless Sensor Networks Using ZIGBEE

Wireless Sensor
Networks
Using
ZIGBEE
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Submitted By
Kasif Ali
Electronics & Comm. Engineering
Engineering College Bikaner
Bikaner - Rajasthan
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Contents
Introduction
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Overview of ZigBee
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
Applications
Introduction
 A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially
distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound,
vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to
cooperatively pass their data through the network to a
main location.
 The WSN is built of "nodes“.
Each such sensor network node has typically several
parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or
connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an
electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an
energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form
of energy harvesting
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
Traditional Sensing Method
 Sensors do not have computation ability
 Sensors do not communicate
Advantages of Wireless Sensors
WSN Sensing Method
 Now, sensors become sensor nodes
 Nodes process information and communicate it wirelessly
Power Supply
Sensor Communication
collected
information
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Microcontroller
Radio
Transceiver
Power Supply
Sensor
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Microcontroller
 Contains CPU, Memory and
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Peripherals on same chip
Typically 8-bit or 16-bit
Operate at less than 20MHz
Memory less than 128kB
Low power consumption to
ensure long run times
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Radio Transceiver
 Typically operate in the ISM bands
 Use various modulation techniques
 QPSK, BFSK, GFSK
 Low Output Power 0dBm or 1mw
 Low Range around 10-300 feet
Typical Wireless Sensor Hardware
Sensors
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Atmospheric Pressure
 Light
 Acceleration ( Accelerometer )
 Angular Rate ( Gyroscope)
 Strain
Overview of ZIGBEE
 Zigbee is a technology developed as a global standard
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to comply with the needs of low cost and low power
wireless networks.
It has been designed with the facility to be able to
provide an easy to use wireless solution which creates a
secure and reliable network.
Ability to support multiple network functions like the point
to point or multipoint to point and also the mesh
networks as well.
It has the direct sequence spread spectrum as well.
It also has the ability to run for years without any kind of
maintenance and with an automatic meter reading.
Why ZIGBEE ?
Topologies
supported
are Star,
Mesh and
Cluster
Tree
Regulated by
the ZigBee
Alliance
Handles aspects
such as
messaging,
configuration,
security and
application profile
layers
simpler
and less
expensive
than
Bluetooth
Zigbee Device Classes
Zigbee
Coordinator
(ZC)
•Most capable
device
•Forms the root
of the network
tree
•Acts as
repository for
security keys
Zigbee
Router
(ZR)
Can pass
data from
one device
to another
Zigbee
End
Device
(ZED)
Contains just
enough
functionality to
talk to its
parent node
either ZC or
ZR
How ZigBee Works
States of
operation
-Active
-Sleep
Devices
Full Function
Devices
(FFD’s)
Reduced Function
Devices (RFD’s)
Modes of
operation
- Beacon
- Non-beacon
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
 Part of the 802.15 wireless PAN standard
 Specifies the PHY and MAC layers
 Created for low data rate and multi-month or
multi-year battery life
 Targeted Applications
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Sensors
Interactive Toys
Smart Badges
Remote Controls
Home Automation
Overview of IEEE 802.15.4
16 Channels in 2.4GHz band – 250kbps
DSSS used in all bands
IEEE 802.15.4
Specifications
2.4GHz band uses O-QPSK modulation
CSMA-CA channel access
Two addressing modes supported
Wireless Technology Comparison
Standard
Bandwidth
Power
Consumption
Protocol
Stronghold
Stack Size
Wi-Fi
Up to
54Mbps
400+mA TX
Sleep 20mA
100+KB
High Data Rate
Bluetooth
1Mbps
40mA TX
Sleep .2mA
100+KB
Interoperability
Cable
Replacement
Zigbee
250kbps
30mA TX
32KB
Sleep .003mA
Long Battery
Life, Low cost
Applications
HVAC Systems
Agricultural
Monitoring condition
of Machinery
Area Monitoring
Applications
Home Automation
Structural Monitoring
( Bridges, Buildings)
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