Transcript LAN Protocols and TCP/IP © N. Ganesan, Ph.D. Module A Preview of Major LAN Protocols.

LAN Protocols and TCP/IP
© N. Ganesan, Ph.D.
Module
A Preview of Major LAN
Protocols
Major Protocols
• TCP/IP
– De facto protocols of the Internet
• IPX/SPX
– Used in Novell networks
• NetBEUI
– A non routable local protocol
NetBEUI
• Supported by
– Windows 9X, Windows NT, Windows
2000 and Windows XP
• Non-routable protocol used for setting a
local LAN that does not require Internet
access
• Can be used for an internal peer-to-peer
or client-server network
IPX/SPX Compatible Protocol
• Used in Novell networks
• Required for interoperability of
Windows network with Novell
networks
• Routable protocol
• IPX/SPX can be used for peer-to-peer
or client-server networking
TCP/IP
• An important protocol used widely on the
Internet
• A routable protocol
• Supports communication with UNIX
networks or any other network that work
under the TCP/IP protocol
– The base protocol in UNIX networks is TCP/IP
• Can be used for configuring peer-to-peer as
well as client-server networks of very large
scale
A TCP/IP Application Scenario
Lab
Workstation
Workstation
Local
Router
Internet
Router
The
Internet
Configure the workstation for Internet access by
Installing TCP/IP.
End of Module
Module
Basic TCP/IP Installation and
Configuration
TCP/IP Installation and
Configuration
• A two-step process
• First, install the protocol
– With many modern OSs such as Windows XP, it is
automatically installed
• Second, configure its properties
– When TCP/IP is automatically installed, the
properties are set to be obtained from a DHCP
server
– However, it is also possible to manually set the
properties
TCP/IP Installation Steps
Start
From Network
Neighborhood/
Properties.
Choose Network/
Properties
TCP/IP
protocol
installed.
Install Protocol
Add
Choose TCP/IP
OK
End
Accessing the Window for
TCP/IP Properties
• Under different Windows operating systems
the TCP/IP properties are accessed in
different ways
– The best and the most consistent way to access
TCP/IP properties Windows is to go through the
Control Panel and then select the Network Icon
– Another way to access the properties is to go
through Network Neighborhood
– Thereafter, select the network properties (Based
on the NIC) and then then continue to select the
TCP/IP properties
Accessing TCP/IP Properties Tab
Start
From Network
Neighborhood/
Properties.
Choose Network
TCP/IP/
Properties
Proceed
Define TCP/IP properties
TCP/IP Configuration Options
• Dynamic IP
– A DHCP server must be present in the network to
issue dynamic IP
– In a number of cases, the MAC address of the
client is registered to prevent unauthorized
leasing of IP addresses to clients
• Static IP
– Obtain the IP address specifications from the
network administrator
DHCP and TCP/IP
Configuration
• Without a DHCP server
– Requires the static assignment of IP addresses and
properties
– The DHCP server need not reside on the same
subnet
• With a DHCP server
– IP addresses etc. are automatically assigned by the
DHCP server
– Select the appropriate option for the TCP/IP
address to be dynamically assigned by the DHCP
server
IP
Address
TCP/IP Properties
Subnet Mask
Gateway
DNS
TCP/IP
Properties
Advanced
Assignment of Properties for
TCP/IP
•
•
•
•
IP address
Subnet mask
Gateway address
DNS address
– Preferred
– Alternate, if available
Alternate IP
• If the computer is used on another
network as well, an alternate IP address
may also be set
– It can be a private IP address
– Or, it could well be a static IP address that
is manually set
IP Addresses for Restricted Internal
LANs
• For an internal network, only the IP addresses
and the subnet masks need to be assigned
– Note that subnet mask is not an IP address
• Such networks will not have access to the
outside world meaning that it would not
have a connection to the Internet
• There are also some IP addresses reserved for
internal use that are known as private
addresses
– An example is 192.168.0.1
• For internal access, private IP addresses
should preferably be used
Facilitating External Access
• A gateway address is required to facilitate
external address
• A gateway is generally a router that directs
the traffic to the next segment of the network
that would eventually be linked through a
series of hops over network segment to its
destination
• There can be more than one gateway present
in a network meaning that multiple gateway
addresses can be entered in the TCP/IP
properties window
IP Address Assignment
Summarized
IP Address
DHCP
Obtain IP
Address
automatically
Non-DHCP
Specify IP Address
IP Address
123.345.678.90
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
Gateway, DNS and WINS addresses
End of Module
Module
Advanced TCP/IP Settings
Accessing Advanced Properties
• Advanced properties can be accessed
from the tab marked advanced
Advanced Properties of TCP/IP
• IP settings
• DNS
• WINS
• Options
– Security related
IP and Gateway Settings
• Multiple IP addresses for the same NIC
• Multiple gateways
DNS
• Multiple DNSs
• Search suffix order
• Registering current computer with the
DNS server
WINS
• Setting multiple WINSs
• Add LMHOST lookup
• Set NetBIOS over TCP/IP to cater for
older applications that rely on NetBIOS
More on WINS
• WINS Configuration
– This can be configured if there is a WINS
server on the network
– The purpose of the WINS server is to
resolve Windows client names into IP
addresses
– Windows names are not common in
today’s environment as all computer
names are based on TCP/IP
Options
• Set TCP/IP filtering by limiting access
to certain ports for certain protocols
TCP/IP Implementation and
Configuration End Result
• The workstation is ready for Internet
access
• Tasks possible
– Access Internet
• Note: The computer may have a name
generated by the OS such as Windows
XP
The End