Transcript Program Planning: Community Nutrition Assessment 1/20/04 Program Planning Basics • Systematic process • Continual feedback and evaluation • Cyclical: based on increasing understandings of the true.

Program Planning: Community
Nutrition Assessment
1/20/04
Program Planning Basics
• Systematic process
• Continual feedback and evaluation
• Cyclical: based on increasing
understandings of the true nature of the
situation and the effectiveness of
interventions.
• Starts with an assessment of the current
situation
Process
Evaluation &
Adjustment
Assessment
Prioritize
Analyze problem and
propose model to
address
Develop Intervention
goals, objectives,
implementation plan
Outcome evaluation
Why Do Assessment?
Community Nutrition Assessment:
• Anchors program/intervention in the reality
of the community
• Essential part of ongoing process:
– Needs assessment
– Designing and implementing services
– Evaluation
– Improving programs and services
• Includes community and stakeholders as
fully active participants
Community Nutrition Assessment:
• Based on assets more than deficits
• Helps to integrate nutrition programs into
community-based health programs and
plans
Successful Community
Assessment Includes:
• Understanding current conditions of
families and individuals
• Evaluating local capacities for supporting
health and nutrition needs
• Building community support for
implementing changes
Models and Protocols for
Community Assessment
• Planned Approaches to Community Health
(PATCH) – CDC
• Assessment Protocol for Excellence in
Public Health (APEXPH) – NACHO (National
Association of County Health Officials)
• Moving to the Future: Developing
Community Based Nutrition Services –
ASTPHND (Association of State and Territorial Public Health
Nutrition Directors)
Strategic Planning for Initiatives to
Address Local Health Efforts
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Community Assessment
Organize a community planning group
Define community boundaries
Gather information
– Statistical profile
– Qualitative data
– Community Resources
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
Strategic Planning, cont.
• Analyze Information
– Common issues
– High risk individuals
– Unmet needs
– Prioritize
• Develop and implement community health
plan
• Monitor and evaluate community health
plan
Steps to Assessment
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Convene a planning group
Define community
Identify Community Assets
Identify Perceived Needs
Build Demographic Profile
Analyze Community Health Status
Analyze Community Nutrition Status
Identify Community Resources and Service
Utilization
• Identify common issues and unmet needs
• Prioritize
Community Nutrition Planning
Group: Responsibilities
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Collect data and information
Identify health needs and gaps in service
Set priorities
Develop a plan
Help to implement interventions
Assist in evaluation
– Of assessment, planning, and intervention process
– Of impact of intervention
Community Nutrition Planning
Group: Potential Members
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Community leaders
Consumers
Health and Nutrition Service providers
Health organizations
Schools
Political office holders or their staff
Fitness professionals
Representatives from greater community health
planning groups
Define the Parameters
• Public Health Nutrition: Assuring
conditions in which people can be
nutritionally healthy
• Community: “A community is any group
sharing something in common”
Community Tool Box
Community Description
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Geographic boundaries
General history
Key people and leaders
Demographics
Financial & economic information
Important issues
Morale and involvement levels
Key allies and rivals
Unspoken rules and norms
Attitudes and opinions
Strengths and shortcomings
Identify Community Assets
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Physical structure, place, business
Concerned citizens
History of successful efforts
Organizations
Individual and group skills
Communications systems
Relationships
Identify Perceived Needs
• WHY?
– To understand public opinion
– To become aware of needs the planning
group doesn’t know about
– To gather support & expand group expertise
– To make decisions about priorities
– To plan programs in ways that will be
acceptable to stakeholders
How do we assess perceived
needs?
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Listening sessions
Public forums
Key informant interviews
Needs assessment survey or survey of
concerns
Demographic Profile
• Economic status: income, employment, %
below poverty
• Education levels
• Age and gender
• Race & ethnicity
• Social factors: homelessness, immigration
status, family composition, TANF utilization
Community Health Status
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Causes of Mortality
Hospital discharge data
Disease prevalence data
Food bourne illness reports
Years of potential life lost
Infant mortality
Community Nutritional Status
• Pregnancy related:
– weight gain in pregnancy
– Pre-pregnancy weight
– Anemia
• Disease prevalence: HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular
disease, diabetes
• Activity levels (BRFSS)
• Food intake: fat, fruits & vegetables (BRFSS)
• Dental health
• Food/dieting related behaviors (YRBS)
• Food Security (BRFSS)
Community Resources & Service
Utilization
• What resources are available?
• To what extent are people using them?
• Sources of Information:
– Citizens
– Service providers
• Tools
– Existing data
– Interviews
– Surveys
Examples of Community Nutrition
Resources
• Food assistance programs (WIC, Basic
Food, etc.)
• Grocery stores with high quality produce
• Food Service with health promoting food
options
• Educational programs
• Media
• Profession and non-profit organizations
• Nutrition counseling
Criteria for defining/prioritizing
community problems
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Frequency
Duration
Scope or range
Severity
Perceptions
Root causes (“but why?”) & ability to impact root
causes (effectiveness of interventions)
• Barriers to resolutions
• Political and financial support
Group Work: Roles
• Assign roles within a breakout group:
– Student
– Parent
– Teacher
– School administrator
– Dietitian in School-based health center
Group Work: Develop Problem List
• Brainstorm nutrition related issues &
problems that arise from these data
• Choose 5 issues that are of interest to all
stakeholders
• Prioritize these issues using criteria in
these slides
• Establish the one issue or problem that all
stakeholders will be comfortable working
on for the next two weeks