“Believe in yourself, or no one else will”

The Enlightenment and Revolution 1550-1789

Chapter 6

The Scientific Revolution

6.1 Pg. 189

Medieval View

• • • Most thought earth was center of universe Geocentric Theory Religion taught God put earth in center

New Way of Thinking

• • • • • • Challenged the ideas of ancient thinkers & Church Scientific Revolution New way of thinking about the natural world Discovered lands previously unknown to Europe • Printing press helped challenge ideas Helped fuel scientific research Better instruments and geographic measurements

Heliocentric Theory

• • • • • • • • Copernicus Studied planetary movements for over 25 years Decided sun was at center of universe Feared scholars & clergy • Scientists continue with Copernicus theory Galileo Galilei Build telescope in 1609 Noticed Sun had dark spots Moon was not smooth

Conflict with Church

• • • • • • • • Galileo’s findings scared the church Went against church teachings Church warned to not defend ideas Galileo publishes a book Church summons him to Rome Threat to torture reads confession Lived under house arrest Church finally admits he was right in 1992

Scientific Method

• • • Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas Frances Bacon • Rene Descartes ‘I think therefore I am”

Newton

• • • Theories of motion Force that ruled motion of planets applied to other matter Gravity

Revolution spreads

• • • • • • Instruments Microscope Mercury barometer Thermometer • Medicine Dissection of corpses • • Smallpox vaccine Chemistry thought things were made up of much smaller particles

Homework

• Poster • Full size paper • Fully colored • New idea/technology in 6.1

“Easy is the path to wisdom for those not blinded by ego”

The Enlightenment in Europe

6.2 Pg. 195

Government

• • • • • • • Hobbes Convinced all humans were naturally selfish & wicked People had to hand over to strong ruler Called this social contract • Locke Believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves Natural ability to govern own affairs - self-government • 3 natural rights Life, Liberty and property

5 Philosophes

1. Reason - find truth through logical thinking 2. Nature - What is natural is good & reasonable 3. Happiness - urge people to seek well-being on earth 4. Progress - Society and humankind can improve 5. Liberty - In the bill of rights

Writers

• • • • Voltaire Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious • belief & speech “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it” • • Montesquieu proposed separation of powers so no one person could control the government Rousseau Believed civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness

Women

• • • Many philosophes challenged government, society, education • kept women at their social status Mary Wollstonecraft • Said women need an education Women spread enlightenment through social gatherings & salons

Legacy

• • • • • • Belief in progress growth of scientific knowledge • Secular Outlook Non-religious outlook • People question the church Importance of the Individual People look to themselves for guidance Use reason to judge what was right or wrong

Homework

• 6.1 & 6.2 Vocab • • • • REMEMBER!!!

Staple!

Label Your name

The Enlightenment Spreads

6.3 Pg. 202

The Enlightenment Spreads

• • • • • Diderot’s Encyclopedia Created a large set of books where scholars contributed articles Enlightenment angers French & Catholic Church Said it undermined royal authority, encouraged revolt Fostered “Moral corruption, irreligion & unbelief

Neoclassical Style Emerges

• • • 1600’s - early 1700’s Baroque - grand, ornate design Late 1700’s - Neoclassical • Music New style of music • • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Beethoven

Enlightenment & Monarchy

• • • • • Fredrick the Great Granted religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education Never tried to change the existing social order Called himself “First servant of the state” • • • Joseph II Ruled Austria 1780-1790 supported freedom of worship Abolished serfdom

Enlightenment Cont.

• • • • • • Catherine the Great Ruled Russia from 1762-1796 Formed a commission to review Russia’s laws Religious toleration • • Did little to help peasants after 1773 Expanded Russian territory Black Sea Parts of Poland