Transcript Section 9.1: Biology The Need for Energy Why We have a Need for Energy  Active Transport  Cell Division  Movement of Flagella and cilia 

Section 9.1:
Biology
The Need for Energy
Why We have a Need for Energy

Active Transport
 Cell Division
 Movement of Flagella and cilia
 Production, Transport, and Storage of
Proteins
 Exercise, body systems
Biochemical Pathways

Biochemical Pathway: a series of
biochemical reactions
 Usable
energy produced by one reaction may
be stored and used in a later reaction.
 In most cases, this energy is stored in a
molecule called adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
 What does tri, di, or mono mean?
Phosphates

Monophosphate- one phosphate bond
(AMP)
 Diphosphate- two phosphate bond (ADP)
 Triphosphate- three phosphate bond (ATP)
 The more the bonds, the more energy it
takes to hold together
 Demonstrate using three students
Structure of ATP

Structure- the ATP molecule has three
parts: Adenine + Ribose = adenosine
 1.
adenine (a nitrogen-containing molecule)
 2. ribose (a five-carbon sugar)
 The
 3.
adenine bonds to ribose, forming adenosine.
three phosphate groups
Structure of ATP
Function of ATP

ATP stores energy in
the bonds between the
phosphate groups
(high-energy bonds)
 Particles with the
same charge will not
stay together very
long
Reasons for the breakup

The energy of ATP becomes available to
the cell only after the ATP breaks up
 When the bond between the second and
third bond break, energy is released and
ADP is left
 ADP can form into ATP again after it
takes in another phosphate group
 This creates a renewable cycle of ATP
Battery Analogy

Batteries are of little use sitting on the
cabinet, but when you put them in a radio,
the radio has access to the power (ATP is
of little use until it breaks apart and
supplies the cell with energy)
 When the batteries are dead, all you have
to is recharge them and start the process
all over again (ADP will reform ATP)
ATP-ADP
Cycle
ATP-ADP Cycle
ATP Synathase
ATP-ADP Cycle

The breakdown of ATP to ADP may result
in:
 1.
free phosphate ions + energy.
OR
 2.
the transfer of a phosphate group to
another molecule (phosphorylation). The
phosphorylated molecule gains both the
phosphate group and the energy.
Questions

What is adenine?
 What is ribose?
 Identify cellular processes and biological
activities that need energy from ATP
 How does ATP store energy?
 How can ADP be recycled to form ATP
 How do proteins in your cells access the
energy?
Youtube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9q
_pFw&feature=related
ATP-ADP Cycle

Photosynthesis, respiration, and the ATPADP cycle form a fundamental biological
cycle:
 plants
store energy in glucose molecules
during photosynthesis → animals and plants
release that energy during respiration → the
energy is stored in ATP → until it is needed to
fuel cell activities
ATP-ADP Cycle