Transcript Money or Ideas? A Field Experiment on Constraints to Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan By Xavier Gine and Ghazala Mansuri Comments by Elena Bardasi, March.

Money or Ideas? A Field Experiment on
Constraints to Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan
By Xavier Gine and Ghazala Mansuri
Comments by Elena Bardasi,
March 30, 2011
Policy questions
Is the intervention worth replicating/scaling-up?
1. Does the intervention have an impact?
2. What explains the impact (or lack of impact)?
– Selection issues – targeting
– Implementation issues
– Sources of the impact
3. Cost effectiveness
Randomization, selection, and targeting
Treatment and control equally made of:
½ COs male
(a) 747 COs  randomization
½ COs female
ORIENTATION SESSION
for 55% eligible for loans (2284)
L offered
Total
L not offered
1142 Total
1142
Take-up 211
BT offered
Total
No BT offered
2080 Total
2080
Trained 1252
Willing to apply?
No
61% of individuals (a) / 90% of businesses
(4162 / 2532)
Special meeting to conduct (b) BASELINE SURVEY
Yes (713)
obtained not obtained
Randomization?
Interested in training?
Yes (about 2600)
trained
not
trained
no
Definition of the ‘treatment’ and
implementation issues
• Does same treatment imply same implementation
modalities?
– Is a pair of male and female trainers the same treatment
for men and women?
– Do different sectors require the same business training?
• What is training?
Sources of the impacts
• Exploring heterogeneity
• What is the effect of the combination of
business training and education?
• Interaction with agricultural activities (50% of
men have a agribusiness vs. only 20% of
women)
Gender effects
• Gender dimensions:
– Household level analysis. To what extent do
women actually manage their loans? (What do
their husband do? Do they have enterprises?)
– Do women need “more intensive interventions”?
• Lower opportunity costs
• What do women need to increase their sales?