Transcript Plagiarism A review of what NOT to do Definition 1 • From Dictionary.com pla·gia·rism [pley-juh-riz-uhm, -jee-uh-riz-] Show IPA noun1.

Plagiarism
A review of what NOT to do
Definition 1
• From Dictionary.com
pla·gia·rism
[pley-juh-riz-uhm, -jee-uh-riz-] Show IPA
noun1. an act or instance of using or closely
imitating the language and
thoughts of another author without
authorization and the
representation of that author's work as one's
own, as by not crediting the original author
Definition 1
• From the Council of Writing Program
Administrators
– Definition: In an instructional setting, plagiarism
occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s
language, ideas, or other original (not commonknowledge) material without acknowledging its
source; submitting someone else’s text as one’s own or
attempting to blur the line between one’s own ideas or
words and those borrowed from another source
– This definition applies to texts published in print or
on-line, to manuscripts, and to the work of other
student writers.
Definition 3
• From the Oxford Dictionary
• http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/americ
an_english/plagiarism
– NOUN: The practice of taking someone else’s
work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.
From Plagiarism.org
http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/types-of-plagiarism/ (emphasis mine)
Each of the 10 most common types of plagiarism are defined below. The types are ranked in order of
severity of intent.
#1. CLONE
• Submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own
#2. CTRL-C
• Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations
#3. FIND - REPLACE
• Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source
#4. REMIX
• Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together
#5. RECYCLE
• Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation
#6. HYBRID
• Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation
#7. MASHUP
• Mixes copied material from multiple sources
#8. 404 ERROR
• Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources
#9. AGGREGATOR
• Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work
#10. RE-TWEET
• Includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure
1
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky%20-%20digital%20natives,%20digital%20immigrants%20%20part1.pdf
Types of Plagiarism
From http://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml
There are different types of plagiarism and all are
serious violations of academic honesty. We have
defined the most common types below and have
provided links to examples.
Direct Plagiarism
• Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word
transcription of a section of someone else’s work,
without attribution and without quotation marks.
The deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work
is unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds
for disciplinary actions, including expulsion.
Self-Plagiarism
From http://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml
• Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his
or her own previous work, or mixes parts of
previous works, without permission
from all professors involved. For example, it
would be unacceptable to incorporate part of a
term paper you wrote in high school into a paper
assigned in a college course. Self-plagiarism also
applies to submitting the same piece of work for
assignments in different classes without previous
permission from both professors.
Accidental Plagiarism
• Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person
neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their
sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source
by using similar words, groups of words, and/or
sentence structure without attribution. Students
must learn how to cite their sources and to take
careful and accurate notes when doing research.
Lack of intent does not absolve the student of
responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of accidental
plagiarism are taken as seriously as any other
plagiarism and are subject to the same range of
consequences as other types of plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
(this is the one that got many of your classmates in trouble)
From http://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml
• Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student
borrows phrases from a source without using
quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the
author’s language while keeping to the same
general structure and meaning of the original.
Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of
paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is
academically dishonest and punishable – even
if you footnote your source!
Mosaic Plagiarism Example
• http://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academichonesty/examples/mosaic/index.shtml
• Click on link then follow directions on page for explanations
Student Writer B:Source:Only two years later, all these friendly Sioux were suddenly
plunged into new conditions, including starvation, martial law on all their
reservations, and constant urging by their friends and relations to join in warfare
against the treacherous government that had kept faith with neither friend nor foe.
"Contrast the condition into which all these friendly Indians are suddenly plunged now,
with their condition only two years previous: martial law now in force on all their
reservations; themselves in danger of starvation, and constantly exposed to the
influence of emissaries from their friends and relations, urging them to join in
fighting this treacherous government that had kept faith with nobody--neither with
friend nor with foe."1
•
1Helen
Hunt Jackson, A Century of Dishonor, a Sketch of the United States Government's Dealings with Some of the Indian Tribes (New York:
Harper, 1881) 178.
From Indiana University
www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml (emphasis mine)
Here’s the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and
Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.:
• The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were
the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new,
larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the
East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a
rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large
cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the
centers of production as well as of commerce and trade.
Here’s an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism:
• The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the population
were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As steam-driven companies
became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm hands
into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With
industry came the growth of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived
which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production.
• What makes this passage plagiarism?
• The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons:
• the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order
of the original’s sentences.
• the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts.
Consequences
Bowdoin University:
Students who plagiarize or otherwise engage in academic
dishonesty face serious consequences. Sanctions may
include, but are not limited to, failure on an assignment,
grade reduction or course failure, suspension, and possibly
dismissal. Faculty members should consult with the
Judicial Board Advisor in the Office of the Dean of Student
Affairs to determine if a formal complaint should be
filed. The Advisor will guide the faculty member through
the process of bringing a formal complaint as well as guide
the student through the process of a Judicial Board hearing.
http://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academichonesty/consequences-of-plagiarism.shtml
At Baylor
http://mail.baylorschool.org/~jstover/plagiarism/consequences.htm
…intentional plagiarism is a clear-cut matter at Baylor. Teachers turn
in any students they believe have willfully plagiarized. The Honor
Council hears each case, and students found guilty suffer these
consequences:
1) They receive a 0 on the work in question.
2) They are suspended, most often for two or three days. The length
depends largely on the student's behavior before the Honor Council;
truthfulness and contrition are appropriate when the evidence is
compelling. Ordinarily the student misses a day of school for the
first day of suspension (and receives a 0 on all work that
day). Remaining days are "reverse suspension"; students serve these
during the next vacation.
3)
Students who are convicted of plagiarism also receive specific
final warning and will suffer expulsion if they are convicted of a
further honor offense.
More from Baylor
http://mail.baylorschool.org/~jstover/plagiarism/consequences.htm
“The honor committee [at the University of Virginia], made up entirely
of students, can expel current students if they are found guilty [of
plagiarism]. It also could recommend that the students who have
already graduated lose their diplomas."
--"Computer Program Targets 122 Virginia Students for Plagiarism"
Penalties in college and beyond
Colleges and universities take plagiarism every bit as seriously as
Baylor does, and they assume that students know, or should know,
how to avoid it. Students may be suspended or expelled from
college for plagiarizing. As the passage at left notes, they may also
have their diplomas revoked after they have graduated.
From ASU
• http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/
• For more information, go through the above
tutorial located on ASU’s Academic Integrity
Policy
https://provost.asu.edu/index.php?q=academici
ntegrity/students#avoid_plagiarism
SO what now?
• Those of you who plagiarized will receive a
“0” on this assignment, a phone call home, and
a referral to your file.
• If you demonstrate academic integrity for the
rest of the year, that is the end of it.
• If you are caught plagiarizing, cheating, or
participating in any other behavior that
constitutes academic dishonesty, you will be
suspended.
Final Words
• Thank you to all of you who DID complete your
assignment honestly.
• Sorry to say, but DO NOT EVER sent a file containing
your work to a friend. You lose control over how it is
used from there, and you may end up in trouble for
plagiarism although you were the original author. You
may not even know the person who ultimately uses
your work, but you are no less culpable.
• I hope that any misconceptions concerning what
constitutes plagiarism and academic dishonesty have
been clarified. See me if you have further questions or
concerns.