Transcript International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St.., Ottawa,

International Harmonized
Research Activities:
Intelligent Transport Systems
Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE
Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada
330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5
Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 [email protected]
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Purpose
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 To introduce IHRA-ITS work
 To explore opportunities to liaise with
IHRA-ITS
GRRF in areas of common interest
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Intelligent Transport Systems
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
Positioning & tracking
Digital maps
Communication links
Microprocessors
Image processors
Information databases
Traffic management
Traffic monitoring
Smart cards
Automated aids
Transportation Objectives
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Reduce congestion
Improve safety
Increase efficiency
Improve comfort
Improve transit
services
• Reduce fuel
consumption
• Reduce emissions
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Vehicle-Based Driver Assistance and
Crash Avoidance Systems
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Vision enhancement & visual range warning
 Intelligent speed adaptation
 Adaptive cruise control
 Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end,
lane change, intersection)
 Fatigue/impairment warning
 Pavement monitoring and friction warning
 Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance
 Emergency reporting and response
 Backing and merging aids
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Levels of Automation
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Information
 Warning
IHRA-ITS
 Driver assistance (active pedal)
 Partial control of vehicle
functions (steering, stop&go)
 Complete control of vehicle
(AHS)
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Rationalizing Automation
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Each level has unique safety
issues
 Each level must coexist with
other levels
 Progression from one level to
next is not incremental
– it represents a radical change
in driving task
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Aspects of System Safety
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
1. System Reliability
Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for
malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or
unanticipated safety mode
IHRA-ITS
2. Human Machine Interaction (HMI)
Key issues are function allocation, driver-vehicle integration and
user interface design
3. Overall Traffic System
The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
ITS: Safety Impact Framework
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
Positive
Negative
Direct
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-
Indirect
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-
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Direct Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
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-
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Reduction of crash risk through
• on-board CA systems
• road-side CA systems
• tolerance for driver/system errors
 Mitigation of crash consequences
through improved emergency response
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Indirect Safety Benefits
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
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-
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip
lengths, and greater choice of mode)
 Reduced exposure to unauthorized use
(elicense)
 Reduced traffic variance and conflicts
(through better traffic management and
improved interaction between driver and other
road users)
 Reduced driver stress and fatigue
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Direct Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
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Indirect
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-
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Driver distraction
 Driver overload
 Driver confusion
IHRA-ITS
 Reduced situation awareness
 Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or
nuisance alarms
 Increased discomfort, stress
 Command effect
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Indirect Safety Risks
Positive
Negative
Direct
+
-
Indirect
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-
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Behavioural adaptation
 Increased travel (pleasurable)
 Loss of skill & negative transfer
IHRA-ITS
 Violation of expectation (by non-users)
 Collision migration (MV to SV, to other
users, etc.)
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
ITS Safety, or IS IT?
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001

IHRA-ITS
ITS technology is safety neutral Its implementation is safety critical
Driving Task
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ITS
Safety impact depends largely on the
extent to which the system supports
users’ needs, and is compatible with
human capabilities and limitations
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Collisions
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Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Government’s Role
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Discourage technologies/implementations
that are likely to have an adverse effect on
safety
 Encourage implementation of
technologies that are likely to have safety
benefits
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):
International Harmonized Research Activities
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
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Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan
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the Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
U.K.
U.S.A.
EC
EESV
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
ESV: IHRA Working Groups
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Intelligent Transport Systems
 Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection
IHRA-ITS
 Pedestrian Safety
 Biomechanics
 Vehicle Compatibility
 Side Impact
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
IHRA-ITS : Objectives
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 To coordinate international policy-oriented
research to minimize the potential adverse
consequences of on-board ITS technologies.
 To develop procedures for the evaluation of
safety of in-vehicle information, control and
communication systems.
 To provide an international view of the state of
research into understanding the safety impact
of driver workload and distraction.
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Scope
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 includes original and aftermarket on-
board information, control and
communication systems, including
IHRA-ITS
• driver assistance
• collision warning and avoidance
• infotainment
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Summary of Activities
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Conceptual Framework
 Workshops
IHRA-ITS
 Survey of current research
 Priority Projects
http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Priority Projects
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation
2.
IHRA-ITS
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7.
methodology framework
Driver understanding and expectation of ITS
systems
Human factors principles checklist
Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior
Simulator reference test scenarios
Improved secondary task methodology for
evaluating safety effects of driver workload
Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety
measures
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
Importance of ITS Safety
Research
 Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidance
 Elaborates the role of governments with
IHRA-ITS
respect to ITS safety
 ITS safety is currently unregulated;
therefore, there is a reasonable prospect
for harmonized policies based on shared
scientific understanding of the issues
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
IHRA-WP.29 Liaison
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 IHRA research focus
• Summarize state of knowledge
• Coordinate joint research
• Develop test procedures
 WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and
priorities; IHRA to coordinate the
regulatory development research to
support WP.29 work program
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Recommendations vis WP.29
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Develop strategy for global regulation
development for on-board ITS
IHRA-ITS
• ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead?
• LT – create new GR?
 Utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal
Group for ITS-related matters
 Coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on
ITS-related matters (ISA)
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
Possible Short Term Plan
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver
assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA
 GRRF/GRE?– Reliability (Annex 18)
 GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness
warning, vision enhancement,
maneuvering aids
 GRSG – Infotainment, navigation
 GRSP – Collision mitigation?
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
GRRF – Existing Work Plan
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Illumination of stop lamps
 Handling and stability of vehicles (R111)
IHRA-ITS
 Steering equipment (R79)
 Braking compatibility of heavy goods
vehicles
 Tires and wheels (smart?)
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
GRRF - Future
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
IHRA-ITS
 Driver Assistance Systems
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ISA
ACC, EBS, ABS
ESP
Drive-by-wire steering
Single pedal for accelerator/brake
Active pedals, steering wheels
 Collision Avoidance Systems
• Rear-end collision avoidance, intersection CA, etc.
Transport Canada
GRRF
Working Party
on Brakes and
Running Gear
ITS Roundtable
UNECE WP.29
Geveva
February 2001
 Technology outlook
• Driver assistance
• Collision warning and avoidance
IHRA-ITS
 Government perspective (US, EC, IHRA,
Japan)
 Research Needs
• US IVI
• JARI
• EC FPV, VI
Transport Canada