Status of Women In Islam Status of women in Islam Islam bestowed a splendid status by : Giving important role.
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Status of Women In Islam 1 Status of women in Islam Islam bestowed a splendid status by : Giving important role is society Giving various rights in society Giving some exclusive status to women 2 Cont… Social Status Equality Freedom Dignity Political Status By Political Rights Religious Status Economic Status By Economic Rights Empowerment 3 Role of Women In Islam 4 Historical Role Contributed significantly in early development of the Muslim community Substantiation of Prophet-hood after first revelation Women were the first to learn of Muhammad's initial revelation Role in the process of collecting all the revelations from both written and oral sources into a single source 5 Cont…. Women were entrusted with vital secrets, including the location of Muhammad's hiding place The Prophet often consulted women and considered their opinions seriously Hazrat Khadija RA , chief adviser as well as his first and foremost supporter Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab RA (ruled 634 – 644 ) appointed women to serve as officials in the market of Medina 6 Present Role The husband's primary responsibility was to support and protect the family The wife cared for and disciplined the children and maintained the home Although Islamic law taught that the husband and wife were equal before God Nonetheless, women exercised considerable influence in family and social life 7 Catalyst of Change of Role Poor economic and political conditions in some Muslim countries made women to involve in the outside world Factors such as war and labor migration have increased the number of households headed by females Economic necessity has led women to seek work outside the home, usually in low-paid, unskilled jobs 8 As head of State Many Muslim women have become active in grassroots organizations, development projects, charitable associations, and social services During the 1990s, women achieved positions of leadership in some parts of the Muslim world. Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan, Tansu Ciller of Turkey Khaleda Zia of Bangladesh 9 Role in Education Muslim women have always played a role in the spread of religious knowledge, Modern Muslim women are the best educationist Modern times entrust more education with women specially early education 10 Hazrat Ayesha RA taught 88 Scholars Hazrat Safia expert of Fiqh and Jurisprudence Hazrat Ummy Salma was teacher of 32 Scholars Syeda Nafisa G/D of Imam Hassan D/O Hazrat Ishaq bin Imam Jaffar teacher of Imam Shafi 11 Ummy Durda expert of Science Role is Sufiism Famous Sufi woman, Rabiah Basri wrote poems of love for God that have continued to inspire mystics to the present day Some Sufi shaykhs in the Mamluk dynasty ( 1250 – 1517 ) and Ottoman Empire admitted women into their orders 12 Important roles of a women Categories Role in Family As mother As Sister As Daughter As Wife Role is Society Role of a Working Women Role of a Housewife 13 Role in family Teach their children Religion Language Worldly Education Train them properly Values Psychological Training 14 Cont… As Sister/Daughter Protect the Respect of the Family Be an Ambassador of the Family As Wife Motherhood Protect the respect of husband (Libas) To be obedient Domestic Chores/House keeping Care of Finance Kept the Secrets 15 Role in society Positive contribution towards Society Show kindness to society Defining National Identity Women as key to social continuity and the preservation of the family, language and culture 16 Kindness The Husband's Respect Complaints and Grievances Pleasant Dispositions Wrong Expectations Be a Comfort for Your Husband Be Appreciative Do not Look for Shortcomings Don't Look at Anyone Other Than Your Husband Take Islamic Hijab Forgive Your Husband's Mistakes Coping with Your Husband's Relatives Coping With Your Husband's Job If You Have to Live Away From Your Hometown Do Not Pay Attention to Slanderous Talks Obey Husband and Not Mother Be Clean and Beautiful at Home Also Be like a Mother to Him Keep the Secrets Accept His Management Be Resourceful when Times are Hard Do not Refuse to Talk and do not Sulk Remain Silent when he is Angry Tolerate Men's Hobbies Housekeeping Cleanliness A Tidy House Preparing Food Receiving Guests If Your Husband Works at Home The Trustee of the House Help Your Husband to Make Progress Accept only Careers of women Be Careful That He is Not Misled Do not Waste your Spare Time Suspicious Women Motherhood (Caring for Children) Care for Nutrition and Hygiene 17 Social status 18 Creation Allah’s will (Soul) Khalipah is gender neutral Taqwa/Piety and punishment is equal Bait @ fatah Makkah is a vote Equal to seek Knowledge Witness 19 5times in Quran,Finance (2:282 half? )Will,Blame,Rouat,birth Misconception about Equality 20 Misconception About Witness Family Head Hoor Right in Inheritance As head of state Marriage with Non Muslims Adopting a Child Freedom 21 Equality Equal does not mean same or alike In 1870 in UK property rights were given to women Qawaam are men (Alnisa-34) One above in rank of responsibility Head of Family 2:228 Hoor (4times in Holy Text) plural of Ahwar (masculine) Hawar (feminine) 22 Pickthall Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great. مرد عورتوں پر مسلط وحاکم ہیں اس لئے کہ خدا نے بعض کو بعض سے افضل بنایا ہے اور اس لئے بھی کہ مرد اپنا مال خرچ کرتے ہیں تو جو نیک بیبیاں ہیں وہ مردوں کے حکم پر چلتی ہیں اور ان کے پیٹھ پیچھے خدا کی حفاظت میں (مال وآبرو کی) خبرداری کرتی ہیں اور جن عورتوں کی نسبت تمہیں معلوم ہو کہ سرکشی (اور بدخوئی) کرنے لگی ہیں تو (پہلے) ان کو (زبانی) سمجھاؤ (اگر نہ سمجھیں تو) پھر ان کے ساتھ سونا ترک کردو اگر اس پر بھی باز نہ آئیں تو زدوکوب کرو اور اگر فرمانبردار ہوجائیں تو پھر ان کو ایذا دینے کا کوئی بہانہ مت ڈھونڈو بےشک خدا سب سے اعلیٰ (اور) جلیل القدر ہے )(Alnisa-34 23 The only thing is that word hoor has been wrongly interpreted.The word hoor occurs four times in the Holy Quran; 1. “Moreover, We shall join them to companions with beautiful, big and shiny eyes”. (Al-Dukhan Verse 54) 2. “And We shall join them to companions, with beautiful, big and gleaming eyes”. (Al-Tur Verse 20) 3. “Companions restrained )as to their glances(, in goodly pavilions”. (Al-Rahman Verse 72) 4. “And )there will be( companions with beautiful, big and shimmering eyes”. (Al-Waqi’ah Verse 22) Hoor 24 Some people may raise the question as to why are these blessings described in words which apply to women? The fact is that the reward spoken of here is one having special reference to the purity of character and the beautiful deed of the righteous. And it is the womanhood not manhood that stand for the symbol of purity and beauty. Therefore the reward for good and pure deeds has been spoken in term which applies to women. Explanation 25 And those who launch a charge against chaste women, and produce not four witnesses (to support their allegations),flog them with eighty stripes; and reject their evidence ever after: for such men are wicked transgressors;- 24/4 اور جو لوگ پرہیزگار عورتوں کو بدکاری کا عیب لگائیں اور اس پر چار گواہ نہ الئیں تو ان کو اسی درے مارو اور کبھی ان کی شہادت قبول نہ کرو۔ اور یہی بدکردار 26 27 جب تم آپس میں کسی میعاد معین کے لئے قرض کا معاملہ کرنے لگو تو اس کو !مومنو انصاف سے لکھے نیز )کسی کا نقصان نہ کرے بلکہ(لکھ لیا کرو اور لکھنے واال تم میں لکھنے واال جیسا اسے خدا نے سکھایا ہے لکھنے سے انکار بھی نہ کرے اور دستاویز لکھ مضمون بول کر لکھوائے اور خدا سے )دستاویز کا(دے۔ اور جو شخص قرض لے وہی کہ اس کا مالک ہے خوف کرے اور زر قرض میں سے کچھ کم نہ لکھوائے۔ اور اگر قرض لینے واال بےعقل یا ضعیف ہو یا مضمون لکھوانے کی قابلیت نہ رکھتا ہو تو جو اس کا ولی ایسے معاملے (ہو وہ انصاف کے ساتھ مضمون لکھوائے۔ اور اپنے میں سے دو مردوں کو گواہ کرلیا کرو۔ اور اگر دو مرد نہ ہوں تو ایک مرد اور دو عورتیں جن کو تم گواہ )کے کہ اگر ان میں سے ایک بھول جائے گی تو دوسری اسے یاد دالدے )کافی ہیں(پسند کرو گواہی کے لئے طلب کئے جائیں تو انکار نہ کریں۔ اور قرض تھوڑا ہو (گی۔ اور جب گواہ کے لکھنے میں کاہلی نہ کرنا۔ یہ بات خدا کے نزدیک نہایت )کی دستاویز(یا بہت اس قرین انصاف ہے اور شہادت کے لئے بھی یہ بہت درست طریقہ ہے۔ اس سے تمہیں کسی طرح کا شک وہ شبہ بھی نہیں پڑے گا۔ ہاں اگر سودا دست بدست ہو جو تم آپس میں لیتے دستاویز نہ لکھوتو تم پر کچھ گناہ نہیں۔ اور جب خرید )ایسے معاملے کی(دیتے ہو تو اگر معاملہ کرنے والوں (وفروخت کیا کرو تو بھی گواہ کرلیا کرو۔ اور کاتب دستاویز اور گواہ ایسا کرو تو یہ تمہارے لئے گناہ کی بات ہے۔ )لوگ(کسی طرح نقصان نہ کریں۔ اگر تم )کا سکھاتا ہے اور خدا ہر چیز )کیسی مفید باتیں(وہ تم کو )دیکھو کہ(اور خدا سے ڈرو اور سے واقف ہے 28 29 O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice. ….And bring to witness two witnesses from among your men. And if there are not two men [available], then a man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses so that if one of the women errs, then the other can remind her.2/282 Freedom Islam gives freedom of choice ,West gives blank freedom Islam does not give freedom at the cost of others freedom Human is born free from Subjugation Sin Inherited inferiority Ancestral hindrance Right of freedom is sacred as long as he does not deliberately violate the Law of God or desecrate the rights of others 30 Pickthall Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and ;his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise. Urdu خدا تمہاری اوالد کے بارے میں تم کو ارشاد فرماتا ہے کہ ایک لڑکے کا حصہ دو لڑکیوں کے حصے کے برابر ہے۔ اور اگر اوالد میت صرف لڑکیاں ہی ہوں (یعنی دو یا )دو سے زیادہ تو کل ترکے میں ان کادو تہائی۔ اور اگر صرف ایک لڑکی ہو تو اس کا حصہ نصف۔ اور میت کے ماں باپ کا یعنی دونوں میں سے ہر ایک کا ترکے میں چھٹا حصہ بشرطیکہ میت کے اوالد ہو۔ اور اگر اوالد نہ ہو اور صرف ماں باپ ہی اس کے وارث ہوں تو ایک تہائی ماں کا حصہ۔ اور اگر میت کے بھائی بھی ہوں تو ماں کا چھٹا حصہ۔ (اور یہ تقسیم ترکہ میت کی )وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو اس نے کی ہو یا قرض کے (ادا ہونے کے بعد جو اس کے ذمے ہو عمل میں آئے گی )تم کو معلوم نہیں کہ تمہارے باپ دادؤں اور بیٹوں پوتوں میں سے فائدے کے لحاظ سے کون تم سے زیادہ قریب ہے ،یہ حصے خدا کے مقرر کئے ہوئے ہیں اور خدا سب کچھ جاننے واال اور حکمت واال ہے Pickthall And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent. Urdu اور جو مال تمہاری عورتیں چھوڑ مریں۔ اگر ان کے اوالد نہ ہو تو اس میں نصف حصہ تمہارا۔ اور اگر اوالد ہو تو ترکے میں تمہارا حصہ چوتھائی۔ (لیکن یہ تقسیم )وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو انہوں نے کی جائے گی )اور جو مال تم (مرد )چھوڑ،کی ہو یا قرض کے (ادا ہونے کے بعد جو ان کے ذمے ہو مرو۔ اگر تمہارے اوالد نہ ہو تو تمہاری عورتوں کا اس میں چوتھا حصہ۔ اور اگر اوالد ہو تو ان کا آٹھواں حصہ (یہ حصے )تمہاری وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو تم نے کی ہو اور (ادائے )قرض کے (بعد تقسیم کئے جائیں گے )اور اگر ایسے مرد یا عورت کی میراث ہو جس کے نہ باپ ہو نہ بیٹا مگر اس کے بھائی بہن ہو تو ان میں سے ہر ایک کا چھٹا حصہ اور اگر ایک سے زیادہ ہوں تو سب ایک تہائی میں شریک ہوں گے (یہ حصے بھی ادائے وصیت و قرض بشرطیکہ ان سے میت نے کسی کا نقصان نہ کیا ہو (تقسیم کئے جائیں گے )یہ خدا کا فرمان ہے۔ اور خدا نہایت علم واال (اور )نہایت حلم واال ہے Pickthall These are the limits (imposed by) Allah. Whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger, He will make him enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow, where such will dwell for ever. That will be the great success. Urdu ٰ (یہٰتمامٰاحکام) خداٰکیٰحدیںٰہیں۔ٰاورٰجوٰشخصٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکےٰپیغمبرٰکیٰفرمانبرداری ٰکرےٰگاٰخداٰاسٰکوٰبہشتوںٰمیںٰداخلٰکرےٰگاٰجنٰمیںٰنہریںٰبہہٰرہیٰہیںٰوہٰانٰمیںٰہمیشہ رہیںٰگے۔اورٰیہٰبڑیٰکامیابیٰہے Marriage by Choice Social Status and freedom 36 37 38 39 Marrying a Non Muslim 40 41 Can a Muslim Women marry a Non Muslim ? Yes ? No? 42 Bayiat Political Status Political Right 60:12 (Mutmahina) Pickthall O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Urdu ٰ اےٰپیغمبر! جبٰتمہارےٰپاسٰمومنٰعورتیںٰاسٰباتٰپرٰبیعتٰکرنےٰکوٰآئیںٰکہ ٰخداٰکےٰساتھٰنہٰشرکٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰچوریٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰبدکاریٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰاپنی ٰاوالدٰکوٰقتلٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰاپنےٰہاتھٰپاؤںٰمیںٰکوئیٰبہتانٰباندھٰالئیں گیٰاورٰنہ ٰنیکٰکاموںٰمیںٰتمہاریٰنافرمانیٰکریںٰگیٰتوٰانٰسےٰبیعتٰلےٰلوٰاورٰانٰکے لئےٰخداٰسےٰبخششٰمانگو۔ٰبےشکٰخداٰبخشنےٰواالٰمہربانٰہے Separation 46 Separation (dissolution of Muslim Mirage act 1939) 47 Full Right (Talaq-e-Tafviz) Istimta - Cause Khula-Woman’s own Decision (Mubarat/Mutual) Eela/Abstain(constructive) Zihar/Forbid as sacred (Constructive) Lian/Qazaf Salsi Council Nikah-e-Fask (As to Cruelty) As to Cruelty Habitually Assaults/makes life miserable Associates with Women of Ill repute Attempt to force her to lead immoral life Disposing property w/o permission /preventing to exercise legal right Abstract her religious profession In case of two wives , not treating equally 48 49 50 Economic Status Inheritance Ownership of property Freedom to do Job 51 Defining Mercy Status of Jannat Exclusive Identity Exemption from Faraiz 75 % Rights of Mother Permit to Attend the Mosqu Can own Private Property Full Surah In Quran 52 Exclusive Rights and Status Mother of Prophets Maher/Dowry as exclusive right Calling in the name of Mother on Day of Judgment In Quran orders about rituals are in general but the issues of women are discussed in detail 8 out of 12 heirs in inheritance are women Economic Dependency @ Husband 53 Women Empowerment Components of Women Empowerment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Women’s sense of self-worth their right to have and to determine choices their right to have access to opportunities and resources Their right to have the power to control their own lives, both within and outside the home Their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a more just social and economic orders, nationally and internationally Pickthall And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest. Sura Ehzab-36 Urdu ٰ اورٰکسیٰمومنٰمردٰاورٰمومنٰعورتٰکوٰحقٰنہیںٰہےٰکہٰجبٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکاٰرسولٰکوئیٰامرٰمقرر کردیںٰتوٰوہٰاسٰکامٰمیںٰاپناٰبھیٰکچھٰاختیارٰسمجھیں۔ٰاورٰجوٰکوئیٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکےٰرسولٰکی نافرمانیٰکرےٰوہٰصریحٰگمراہٰہوگیا Conclusion Thanku 57