Status of Women In Islam Status of women in Islam Islam bestowed a splendid status by : Giving important role.
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Transcript Status of Women In Islam Status of women in Islam Islam bestowed a splendid status by : Giving important role.
Status of Women In Islam
1
Status of women in Islam
Islam bestowed a splendid status by :
Giving important role is society
Giving various rights in society
Giving some exclusive status to women
2
Cont…
Social Status
Equality
Freedom
Dignity
Political Status
By Political Rights
Religious Status
Economic Status
By Economic Rights
Empowerment
3
Role of Women In Islam
4
Historical Role
Contributed significantly in early development of
the Muslim community
Substantiation of Prophet-hood after first
revelation
Women were the first to learn of Muhammad's
initial revelation
Role in the process of collecting all the
revelations from both written and oral sources
into a single source
5
Cont….
Women were entrusted with vital secrets,
including the location of Muhammad's hiding
place
The Prophet often consulted women and
considered their opinions seriously
Hazrat Khadija RA , chief adviser as well as his
first and foremost supporter
Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab RA (ruled 634 – 644 )
appointed women to serve as officials in the
market of Medina
6
Present Role
The husband's primary responsibility was to
support and protect the family
The wife cared for and disciplined the children
and maintained the home
Although Islamic law taught that the husband and
wife were equal before God
Nonetheless, women exercised considerable
influence in family and social life
7
Catalyst of Change of Role
Poor economic and political conditions in some
Muslim countries made women to involve in the
outside world
Factors such as war and labor migration have
increased the number of households headed by
females
Economic necessity has led women to seek work
outside the home, usually in low-paid, unskilled
jobs
8
As head of State
Many Muslim women have become active in
grassroots organizations, development projects,
charitable associations, and social services
During the 1990s, women achieved positions of
leadership in some parts of the Muslim world.
Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan,
Tansu Ciller of Turkey
Khaleda Zia of Bangladesh
9
Role in Education
Muslim women have always played a role in the
spread of religious knowledge,
Modern Muslim women are the best educationist
Modern times entrust more education with women
specially early education
10
Hazrat Ayesha RA taught 88 Scholars
Hazrat Safia expert of Fiqh and Jurisprudence
Hazrat Ummy Salma was teacher of 32
Scholars
Syeda Nafisa G/D of Imam Hassan D/O Hazrat
Ishaq bin Imam Jaffar teacher of Imam Shafi
11
Ummy Durda expert of Science
Role is Sufiism
Famous Sufi woman, Rabiah Basri wrote
poems of love for God that have continued to
inspire mystics to the present day
Some Sufi shaykhs in the Mamluk dynasty (
1250 – 1517 ) and Ottoman Empire admitted
women into their orders
12
Important roles of a women
Categories
Role in Family
As mother
As Sister
As Daughter
As Wife
Role is Society
Role of a Working Women
Role of a Housewife
13
Role in family
Teach their children
Religion
Language
Worldly Education
Train them properly
Values
Psychological Training
14
Cont…
As Sister/Daughter
Protect the Respect of the Family
Be an Ambassador of the Family
As Wife
Motherhood
Protect the respect of husband (Libas)
To be obedient
Domestic Chores/House keeping
Care of Finance
Kept the Secrets
15
Role in society
Positive contribution towards Society
Show kindness to society
Defining National Identity
Women as key to social continuity and the
preservation of the family, language and culture
16
Kindness
The Husband's Respect
Complaints and Grievances
Pleasant Dispositions
Wrong Expectations
Be a Comfort for Your Husband
Be Appreciative
Do not Look for Shortcomings
Don't Look at Anyone Other Than Your
Husband
Take Islamic Hijab
Forgive Your Husband's Mistakes
Coping with Your Husband's Relatives
Coping With Your Husband's Job
If You Have to Live Away From Your
Hometown
Do Not Pay Attention to Slanderous Talks
Obey Husband and Not Mother
Be Clean and Beautiful at Home Also
Be like a Mother to Him
Keep the Secrets
Accept His Management
Be Resourceful when Times are Hard
Do not Refuse to Talk and do not Sulk
Remain Silent when he is Angry
Tolerate Men's Hobbies
Housekeeping
Cleanliness
A Tidy House
Preparing Food
Receiving Guests
If Your Husband Works at Home
The Trustee of the House
Help Your Husband to Make Progress
Accept only Careers of women
Be Careful That He is Not Misled
Do not Waste your Spare Time
Suspicious Women
Motherhood (Caring for Children)
Care for Nutrition and Hygiene
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Social status
18
Creation
Allah’s will (Soul)
Khalipah is gender neutral
Taqwa/Piety and punishment is equal
Bait @ fatah Makkah is a vote
Equal to seek Knowledge
Witness
19
5times in Quran,Finance (2:282 half?
)Will,Blame,Rouat,birth
Misconception about Equality
20
Misconception About
Witness
Family Head
Hoor
Right in Inheritance
As head of state
Marriage with Non Muslims
Adopting a Child
Freedom
21
Equality
Equal does not mean same or alike
In 1870 in UK property rights were given
to women
Qawaam are men (Alnisa-34) One above
in rank of responsibility
Head of Family 2:228
Hoor (4times in Holy Text) plural of
Ahwar (masculine)
Hawar (feminine)
22
Pickthall
Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the
other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good
women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for
those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart,
and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is
ever High, Exalted, Great.
مرد عورتوں پر مسلط وحاکم ہیں اس لئے کہ خدا نے بعض کو بعض سے افضل بنایا ہے اور اس لئے بھی کہ مرد
اپنا مال خرچ کرتے ہیں تو جو نیک بیبیاں ہیں وہ مردوں کے حکم پر چلتی ہیں اور ان کے پیٹھ پیچھے خدا کی
حفاظت میں (مال وآبرو کی) خبرداری کرتی ہیں اور جن عورتوں کی نسبت تمہیں معلوم ہو کہ سرکشی (اور
بدخوئی) کرنے لگی ہیں تو (پہلے) ان کو (زبانی) سمجھاؤ (اگر نہ سمجھیں تو) پھر ان کے ساتھ سونا ترک کردو
اگر اس پر بھی باز نہ آئیں تو زدوکوب کرو اور اگر فرمانبردار ہوجائیں تو پھر ان کو ایذا دینے کا کوئی بہانہ مت
ڈھونڈو بےشک خدا سب سے اعلیٰ (اور) جلیل القدر ہے
)(Alnisa-34
23
The only thing is that word hoor has been wrongly interpreted.The
word hoor occurs four times in the Holy Quran;
1. “Moreover, We shall join them to companions with beautiful, big
and shiny eyes”. (Al-Dukhan Verse 54)
2. “And We shall join them to companions, with beautiful, big and
gleaming eyes”. (Al-Tur Verse 20)
3. “Companions restrained )as to their glances(, in goodly pavilions”.
(Al-Rahman Verse 72)
4. “And )there will be( companions with beautiful, big and
shimmering eyes”.
(Al-Waqi’ah Verse 22)
Hoor
24
Some people may raise the question as to why are
these blessings described in words which apply to
women?
The fact is that the reward spoken of here is one
having special reference to the purity of
character and the beautiful deed of the righteous.
And it is the womanhood not manhood that stand for
the symbol of purity and beauty. Therefore the
reward for good and pure deeds has been spoken in
term which applies to women.
Explanation
25
And those who launch a charge against chaste women, and
produce not four witnesses (to support their allegations),flog them with eighty stripes; and reject their evidence ever
after: for such men are wicked transgressors;- 24/4
اور جو لوگ پرہیزگار عورتوں کو بدکاری کا عیب لگائیں اور اس
پر چار گواہ نہ الئیں تو ان کو اسی درے مارو اور کبھی ان کی
شہادت قبول نہ کرو۔ اور یہی بدکردار
26
27
جب تم آپس میں کسی میعاد معین کے لئے قرض کا معاملہ کرنے لگو تو اس کو !مومنو
انصاف سے لکھے نیز )کسی کا نقصان نہ کرے بلکہ(لکھ لیا کرو اور لکھنے واال تم میں
لکھنے واال جیسا اسے خدا نے سکھایا ہے لکھنے سے انکار بھی نہ کرے اور دستاویز لکھ
مضمون بول کر لکھوائے اور خدا سے )دستاویز کا(دے۔ اور جو شخص قرض لے وہی
کہ اس کا مالک ہے خوف کرے اور زر قرض میں سے کچھ کم نہ لکھوائے۔ اور اگر قرض
لینے واال بےعقل یا ضعیف ہو یا مضمون لکھوانے کی قابلیت نہ رکھتا ہو تو جو اس کا ولی
ایسے معاملے (ہو وہ انصاف کے ساتھ مضمون لکھوائے۔ اور اپنے میں سے دو مردوں کو
گواہ کرلیا کرو۔ اور اگر دو مرد نہ ہوں تو ایک مرد اور دو عورتیں جن کو تم گواہ )کے
کہ اگر ان میں سے ایک بھول جائے گی تو دوسری اسے یاد دالدے )کافی ہیں(پسند کرو
گواہی کے لئے طلب کئے جائیں تو انکار نہ کریں۔ اور قرض تھوڑا ہو (گی۔ اور جب گواہ
کے لکھنے میں کاہلی نہ کرنا۔ یہ بات خدا کے نزدیک نہایت )کی دستاویز(یا بہت اس
قرین انصاف ہے اور شہادت کے لئے بھی یہ بہت درست طریقہ ہے۔ اس سے تمہیں کسی
طرح کا شک وہ شبہ بھی نہیں پڑے گا۔ ہاں اگر سودا دست بدست ہو جو تم آپس میں لیتے
دستاویز نہ لکھوتو تم پر کچھ گناہ نہیں۔ اور جب خرید )ایسے معاملے کی(دیتے ہو تو اگر
معاملہ کرنے والوں (وفروخت کیا کرو تو بھی گواہ کرلیا کرو۔ اور کاتب دستاویز اور گواہ
ایسا کرو تو یہ تمہارے لئے گناہ کی بات ہے۔ )لوگ(کسی طرح نقصان نہ کریں۔ اگر تم )کا
سکھاتا ہے اور خدا ہر چیز )کیسی مفید باتیں(وہ تم کو )دیکھو کہ(اور خدا سے ڈرو اور
سے واقف ہے
28
29
O you who have believed, when you contract
a debt for a specified term, write it down. And
let a scribe write [it] between you in justice.
….And bring to witness two witnesses from
among your men. And if there are not two
men [available], then a man and two women
from those whom you accept as witnesses so that if one of the women errs, then the
other can remind her.2/282
Freedom
Islam gives freedom of choice ,West gives blank freedom
Islam does not give freedom at the cost of others freedom
Human is born free from
Subjugation
Sin
Inherited inferiority
Ancestral hindrance
Right of freedom is sacred as long as he does not
deliberately violate the Law of God or desecrate the rights
of others
30
Pickthall
Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the
male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be
women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance,
and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a
sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and
;his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third
and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth,
after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid).
Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer
unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is
Knower, Wise.
Urdu
خدا تمہاری اوالد کے بارے میں تم کو ارشاد فرماتا ہے کہ ایک لڑکے کا حصہ دو لڑکیوں
کے حصے کے برابر ہے۔ اور اگر اوالد میت صرف لڑکیاں ہی ہوں (یعنی دو یا )دو سے
زیادہ تو کل ترکے میں ان کادو تہائی۔ اور اگر صرف ایک لڑکی ہو تو اس کا حصہ نصف۔
اور میت کے ماں باپ کا یعنی دونوں میں سے ہر ایک کا ترکے میں چھٹا حصہ بشرطیکہ
میت کے اوالد ہو۔ اور اگر اوالد نہ ہو اور صرف ماں باپ ہی اس کے وارث ہوں تو ایک
تہائی ماں کا حصہ۔ اور اگر میت کے بھائی بھی ہوں تو ماں کا چھٹا حصہ۔ (اور یہ تقسیم ترکہ
میت کی )وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو اس نے کی ہو یا قرض کے (ادا ہونے کے بعد جو
اس کے ذمے ہو عمل میں آئے گی )تم کو معلوم نہیں کہ تمہارے باپ دادؤں اور بیٹوں پوتوں
میں سے فائدے کے لحاظ سے کون تم سے زیادہ قریب ہے ،یہ حصے خدا کے مقرر کئے
ہوئے ہیں اور خدا سب کچھ جاننے واال اور حکمت واال ہے
Pickthall
And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no
child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they
leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have
contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that
which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of
that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye
may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a
distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a
brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the
brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall
be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or
debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of
the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower,
Indulgent.
Urdu
اور جو مال تمہاری عورتیں چھوڑ مریں۔ اگر ان کے اوالد نہ ہو تو اس میں نصف حصہ تمہارا۔ اور اگر
اوالد ہو تو ترکے میں تمہارا حصہ چوتھائی۔ (لیکن یہ تقسیم )وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو انہوں نے
کی جائے گی )اور جو مال تم (مرد )چھوڑ،کی ہو یا قرض کے (ادا ہونے کے بعد جو ان کے ذمے ہو
مرو۔ اگر تمہارے اوالد نہ ہو تو تمہاری عورتوں کا اس میں چوتھا حصہ۔ اور اگر اوالد ہو تو ان کا
آٹھواں حصہ (یہ حصے )تمہاری وصیت (کی تعمیل )کے بعد جو تم نے کی ہو اور (ادائے )قرض کے
(بعد تقسیم کئے جائیں گے )اور اگر ایسے مرد یا عورت کی میراث ہو جس کے نہ باپ ہو نہ بیٹا مگر
اس کے بھائی بہن ہو تو ان میں سے ہر ایک کا چھٹا حصہ اور اگر ایک سے زیادہ ہوں تو سب ایک
تہائی میں شریک ہوں گے (یہ حصے بھی ادائے وصیت و قرض بشرطیکہ ان سے میت نے کسی کا
نقصان نہ کیا ہو (تقسیم کئے جائیں گے )یہ خدا کا فرمان ہے۔ اور خدا نہایت علم واال (اور )نہایت حلم
واال ہے
Pickthall
These are the limits (imposed by) Allah. Whoso obeyeth Allah and
His messenger, He will make him enter Gardens underneath which
rivers flow, where such will dwell for ever. That will be the great
success.
Urdu
ٰ (یہٰتمامٰاحکام) خداٰکیٰحدیںٰہیں۔ٰاورٰجوٰشخصٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکےٰپیغمبرٰکیٰفرمانبرداری
ٰکرےٰگاٰخداٰاسٰکوٰبہشتوںٰمیںٰداخلٰکرےٰگاٰجنٰمیںٰنہریںٰبہہٰرہیٰہیںٰوہٰانٰمیںٰہمیشہ
رہیںٰگے۔اورٰیہٰبڑیٰکامیابیٰہے
Marriage by Choice
Social Status and freedom
36
37
38
39
Marrying a Non Muslim
40
41
Can a Muslim Women
marry a Non Muslim ?
Yes ?
No?
42
Bayiat
Political Status
Political Right
60:12 (Mutmahina)
Pickthall
O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath
of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as
partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit
adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they
have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey
thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask
Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Urdu
ٰ اےٰپیغمبر! جبٰتمہارےٰپاسٰمومنٰعورتیںٰاسٰباتٰپرٰبیعتٰکرنےٰکوٰآئیںٰکہ
ٰخداٰکےٰساتھٰنہٰشرکٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰچوریٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰبدکاریٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰاپنی
ٰاوالدٰکوٰقتلٰکریںٰگیٰنہٰاپنےٰہاتھٰپاؤںٰمیںٰکوئیٰبہتانٰباندھٰالئیں گیٰاورٰنہ
ٰنیکٰکاموںٰمیںٰتمہاریٰنافرمانیٰکریںٰگیٰتوٰانٰسےٰبیعتٰلےٰلوٰاورٰانٰکے
لئےٰخداٰسےٰبخششٰمانگو۔ٰبےشکٰخداٰبخشنےٰواالٰمہربانٰہے
Separation
46
Separation (dissolution of Muslim Mirage act 1939)
47
Full Right (Talaq-e-Tafviz)
Istimta - Cause
Khula-Woman’s own Decision
(Mubarat/Mutual)
Eela/Abstain(constructive)
Zihar/Forbid as sacred (Constructive)
Lian/Qazaf
Salsi Council
Nikah-e-Fask (As to Cruelty)
As to Cruelty
Habitually Assaults/makes life miserable
Associates with Women of Ill repute
Attempt to force her to lead immoral life
Disposing property w/o permission /preventing to
exercise legal right
Abstract her religious profession
In case of two wives , not treating equally
48
49
50
Economic Status
Inheritance
Ownership of property
Freedom to do Job
51
Defining Mercy
Status of Jannat
Exclusive Identity
Exemption from Faraiz
75 % Rights of Mother
Permit to Attend the Mosqu
Can own Private Property
Full Surah In Quran
52
Exclusive Rights and Status
Mother of Prophets
Maher/Dowry as exclusive right
Calling in the name of Mother on Day of
Judgment
In Quran orders about rituals are in general
but the issues of women are discussed in
detail
8 out of 12 heirs in inheritance are women
Economic Dependency @ Husband
53
Women Empowerment
Components of Women Empowerment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Women’s sense of self-worth
their right to have and to determine choices
their right to have access to opportunities and
resources
Their right to have the power to control their
own lives, both within and outside the home
Their ability to influence the direction of social
change to create a more just social and
economic orders, nationally and internationally
Pickthall
And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and
His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that)
claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His
messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest. Sura Ehzab-36
Urdu
ٰ اورٰکسیٰمومنٰمردٰاورٰمومنٰعورتٰکوٰحقٰنہیںٰہےٰکہٰجبٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکاٰرسولٰکوئیٰامرٰمقرر
کردیںٰتوٰوہٰاسٰکامٰمیںٰاپناٰبھیٰکچھٰاختیارٰسمجھیں۔ٰاورٰجوٰکوئیٰخداٰاورٰاسٰکےٰرسولٰکی
نافرمانیٰکرےٰوہٰصریحٰگمراہٰہوگیا
Conclusion
Thanku
57