Transcript Map Link: The Age of Discovery, 1340-1600: shepherd-c-107-110.jpg> Topics: The Americas Africa and the Atlantic The Muslim World East Asia.

Map Link: The Age of Discovery, 1340-1600:
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/
shepherd-c-107-110.jpg>
Topics:
The Americas
Africa and the Atlantic
The Muslim World
East Asia
16th c. Spanish and Portuguese establish
colonies in Americas
17th c. English and French establish
colonies in region
Map Link: Colonies in the Americas, c. 1763:
<http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/willow/history-of-south-america0.gif>
Columbian Exchange
Transfer between Old World and New
World of:
People
Diseases – e.g. smallpox (OW to NW)
Animals
Plants
}
- impact on diet, lifestyle
Exploitation of indigenous peoples:
Conversion efforts
Displacement
Use as source of labour, along with
African slaves
Diverse origins of colonisers
Intermarriage – mestizo/métis (European/
indigenous), mulatto (European/
African)
Diverse nature of society
18th c. Spanish, Portuguese and English
make efforts to take greater control of
colonies, leading to conflicts
African slaves used in plantations in colonies
in Caribbean region, esp. by English,
French, Dutch
Map Link: Slave Trade from Africa to the Americas, 1650-1860:
<http://www.unc.edu/wrc/maps/08-Map.png>
Plantocracy – rich men owning most of land
of colonies
Forced labour – long hours, difficult conditions
Punishments – floggings, placed in irons,
mutilations
Constant importation of slaves – high
mortality rate
Slave rebellions
Suppressing African culture
Sub-Saharan African kingdoms
selling POWs
Pre-existing trade with Muslim world
extended to trade with Europeans
Map Link: Major slave-trading regions of Africa, 15th-19th centuries:
<https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/
Africa_slave_Regions.svg/800px-Africa_slave_
Regions.svg.png>
1550-1800 About 8 million slaves shipped
to Americas (vs. 2 million to Muslim
world)
Forced marches, packed into ships
23%-12% dying en route
Muslim world - dominated by three major
empires:
Ottoman Empire
Mughals of South Asia
Safavid Persia
17th c Start of Ottoman decline
Map Link: Ottoman Empire, 1481-1683:
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/
ottoman_empire_1481-1683.jpg>
1683 Ottomans fail to take Vienna for the
second time
Military threat from Austrians and Russians
Trade concessions (capitulations)
Losing control of provinces (e.g. Egypt, parts
of Syria, Iraq by mid-18th c.
1501 Safavid Isma‘il (r. 1501-24) takes Tabriz.
Establishes large Shi‘ite state between
Ottomans and Uzbeks by 1510
Map Link: The Safavid Empire:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/
Map_Safavid_persia.png>
Isfahan as capital and cultural/economic centre
Trade links with Europe, toleration of
non-Muslims
Decline in 17th c.
1722 Deposition of last effective Safavid ruler
1526 Mughals establish Empire in S. Asia
1857 Deposition of Mughals by British
Map Link: India, 1765 and 1805:
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/India1765
and1805b.jpg>
17th c. Portuguese and British involvement
in Indian Ocean. Mughal state in
decline
18th-19th c. Increasing British involvement
in India
1857 India taken over by British
Early 16th c. Portuguese merchants reach
E. Asia
Ming dynasty
Japan – Three Unifiers
Map Link: Eastern Hemisphere, 1500 AD:
<http://www.worldhistorymaps.info/images/East-Hem_1500ad.jpg>
In China:
1557 Portuguese establish first trading
centre, trading silver for spices,
silk, tea
Mid-17th c. Dutch displace Portuguese.
Qing dynasty replaces Ming dynasty
Impact of missionaries, esp. Jesuits
Emperor Kangxi (r. 1662-1722)
Chinese science and style
Emperor Qianlong (r. 1736-96)
as seen by Voltaire
18th c. Decline of Jesuits and
Christianity in China
In Japan:
Regulation of trade with Portuguese,
Spanish, Dutch, English
Major trade only in porcelain
Elite suspicion of Jesuit missionaries
By 1580 Over 100,000 Japanese have
converted to Christianity. Jesuits
have base at Nagasaki
By 1614 Tokugawa Shogun rulers issue
decree banning Christianity, accusing
Christians of plotting to overthrow
regime
1617 Persecution of Christians begins
1633-39 Decrees curtail trade with
Europeans, inaugurating two centuries
of near-isolation. Some Dutch allowed
to remain at Nagasaki