Transcript Electric Aircraft The First-Ever Electric Aircraft Symposium Main Issues: Environmental Technologic Economic Political and Societal ePAV--Questions “What are the global energy and environmental imperatives that affect the development.

Electric Aircraft
The First-Ever Electric Aircraft
Symposium
Main Issues:
Environmental
Technologic
Economic
Political and Societal
ePAV--Questions
“What are the global energy and environmental
imperatives that affect the development of
electric-powered vehicles?”
“Why are Personal Air Vehicles (PAVs) and Unmanned Air
Vehicles (UAVs) the best type of aircraft to become electric
powered? “
“What advantages could ePAVs and eUAVs offer?”
“What technologic, economic and infrastructure changes are
needed for ePAVs to have a significant role in transportation?”
“How and when do we get there? A technology
prize?”
“The Way I See It”
(Starbucks # 234)
“How have we become so addicted to petroleum
oil? How would the world be different if we could
make all our own fuel in our own country? For the
last two years I have driven to work on soybeans.
This is possible in our lifetime.”
---Martin Tobias, CEO, Imperium Renewables,
a bio-diesel refinery company.
The Ideal Personal Aircraft
All weather
Self-piloted
STOL
Quiet
Enviro-friendly
Bio-fueled or “e”
Avoids traffic
“Self-Awareness”
Surface congestion: single file
Airlines:
Need huge airports
Demand liquid fuel
Stratospheric emissions
Limited routes
Airlines door to door average just 55 mph
Solution: More Roads or Mass
Transit?
Low Ridership
HSR = 10x
cost
(Madison
Institute
Study for
Florida)
Freeways cost
$20M per mile
NASA: 21st Century Mobility
NASA: 21st Century
Mobility
The NASA PAV Challenge
The Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency Foundation
Santa Rosa, California 95404.
25 Years of Flight Testing
Excellence
The Prototype 300 mph Lancair Legacy
with CAFE flight test team at work
$250,000 Prize Purse
For 2007
•Vantage Prize: overall points winner
$100
•CAFE Efficiency Prize: trip cost
$ 25K
•Noise Prize: cabin and community
$ 50K
•Handling/Ease of Use Prize: judges
$ 25K
• Shortest Runway Prize: Takeoffs only
$ 25K
•Top Speed Prize: closed pylon racing$ 25K
What About Electric Power for Aircraft?
1 gal diesel = 38 miles in a diesel IC car
1 gal diesel = 89 miles in an electric car (diesel
generator)
Some motorgliders need only 10 BHP to fly level
55 BHP GSE bio-diesel engine weighs 45 lb
Tesla Electric Car:
0-60 MPH in 4 sec.
250 BHP
220 mile range
900 lb Lithium batteries
Solar Power? 1
KW/sq.m.
Solar Cell Efficiency:
18.8% for Copper indium diselenide cells
15.8% for Cadmium Telluride cells
12% for amorphous-Si cells
40.7% recently reported in lab prototype
L/D Optimization
L/D is high for sailplanes
High AR
Short chord
Laminar flow
Tandem
Wing loading?
High Lift devices?
70 to 1 best ever L/D
Stemme S-8-RT
~$200,000
37:1 L/D @ 72 mph
150 mph on 47 THP
72 mph on 13.2 THP
59’ span, wings fold to 23’
Battery-powered? @ 8K’
GW: 1850-200+900 = 2550
290 mi range at 81 mph
250 mi range at 107 mph
Solar eStemme S-8-RT
Now Add Solar Cells To Extend Range at 81 mph
16 sq m. solar wing area:
If Solar capture =16%,
then gain 2.5 KW
Extends range to:
360 miles
If Solar capture = 40%,
then gain 6.4 KW
Extends range to:
587 miles
Stemme S-8-RT Biodiesel?
Stemme S-8-RT
Bio-diesel?
15 BHP bio-diesel from GSE generates 10 KW
50 lb engine/generator weight + 150 lb fuel
0.4 bsfc at constant power —> 1 gph
reduces Vy battery power need to 1 KW
extends range to over 1600 miles @ 107 mph @ 107 M
extends range to over 1200 miles @ 81 mph @ 80 MP
Stemme S-8-RT Hybrid?
Adding efficient solar cells to bio-diesel
could enable + net charging to batteries in flight.
Added weight demands exotic high lift devices
Stemme S-8-RT Hybrid?
Problems:
Motor meltdown
Battery fires
Added Weight of solar cells, batteries, generator
Recharge time
Recharge availability
Night flying
COST for consumers
Electric Stemme S-8-RT
Future gains in:
Li ion batteries: 50-100%
Solar cell efficiency: to 60%
Carbon nano-tube weight savings: 2-4x
Ultra-capacitors?
Ramp parking ePAVs
Solar cells mean no hangars
Really strong tie-downs
Folding wings with quick conversion
Bio-diesel generators running unattended?
Plug-in hybrids?
Ramp parking ePAVs
Ramp parking ePAVs
Parking:
Solar
ePAVs
Antares 20E
Wings should fold
aft so solar cells
stay active
Where To Land?
Where To Land?
Getting to Grandma’s
1971: An early 4 passenger bicycle
Getting to Grandma’s
Getting to Grandma’s
PEV: Personal Electric Vehicle
While
staying
dry
Velo
Other Way-out Stuff
Georgia Tech-USAF: 3D solar cells capture AM to PM
Boeing-Spectrolab: multi-junction solar cell: 40.7%
Power Towers and Heliostats use mirrors to aim sun
Solar cells that release 6 electrons per quanta?
Amstein
Germany
PAVs Transform Airports Into
Hives
Walk to town
Happiness
“Happiness comes from engaging in
activities just beyond our skill level.”
--- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Be Sure To Visit Us
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The End