Transcript Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet (module 1.1)

Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE,
ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet
(module 1.1)
MODULE 1.1
Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA
and OARE and the Internet
Instructions - This part of the:
course is a PowerPoint demonstration
intended to introduce you to Basic Internet
Concepts.
module is off-line and is intended as an
information resource for reference use.
Table of Contents
 Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE,
ARDI
 Basic Internet Concepts
 Structure of the Internet
 Common Internet Protocols
 Technical Requirements for HINARI
http://www.research4life.org/
Objectives of Research4Life (R4L)
• To connect developing world researchers
with the international scientific community
• To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and
improve the quality of locally produced
articles and journals
• Ultimately – improve health, food security
and environment in relation to Millennium
Development Goals of 2015
Eligibility (01 2014)
1. Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above
US$ 1 trillion are not eligible for HINARI regardless
of other factors
2. Core Offer Group A - Free Access
All countries, areas, or territories fulfilling any of the
below criteria:
a. UN Least Developed Country List and/or
b. Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less than
0.50 and/or
c. Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less than
US$ 150 billion where:
HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/or
Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is at or
less than US$ 1600
3. Core Offer Group B - Fee access with $1000
annual fee per institution:
Total GNI is at or less than US$ 1 billion and/or
Total GNI is at or less than US$ 20 billion where
GNIpc is at or less than US$10,000 and/or
Total GNI is at or less than US$ 180 billion
where:
HDI is at or less than 0.67 and/or
GNIpc is at or less than US$ 5000
• More than 100 countries, territories and areas
• HINARI: health research (12700 journals, 24900
books and 70 information resources, 5400 registered
institutions) www.who.int/hinari/en/
• AGORA: agriculture research (3500 journals, 3400
books, 20 information resources, 2300 registered
institutions) www.aginternetwork.org/en/
• OARE: environment research (5300 journals, 11100
books, 40 other information resources, 2500
registered institutions) www.unep.org/oare/en/
• ARDI: development and innovation research (2000
journals, 5000 books, 80 registered institutions)
www.wipo.int/ardi/en/
updated 2013 08
Who is eligible for R4L Programmes
HINARI Registrations per Country
Primary Target Audiences
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Eligible categories of institutions are:
national universities
research institutes
professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy,
public health, dentistry)
teaching hospitals
government: ministries and agencies
national medical libraries
locally based non-governmental agencies
All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and
students are entitled to access and can obtain the
institutional User Name and Password.
Partners
 Principal Publishers
 Program Partners
 Elsevier Science
 Springer
 Wiley-Blackwell
 Sage
 Taylor & Francis
 Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins
 BioOne
 Oxford University Press
 Nature Publishing
 Other science/technical/
medical publishers
 World Health Organization - WHO
 Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO
 United Nations Environment
Programme – UNEP
 World Intellectual Property
Organization - WIPO
 Yale University Library
 Mann Library/Cornell University
 International Association of
Scientific, Technical and Medical
Publishers – STM
 Information Training and Outreach
Centre for Africa
 National Library of Medicine
 Microsoft
 Librarians Without Borders®/MLA
http://extranet.who.int/hinari/en/partners.php
What is the Internet?
• Publicly accessible network of interconnected
computers which communicate via software
protocol standards
• Easily accessed (via modem and phone line,
ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite)
• Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national
(no central control)
• Regarding information delivery, the most
significant change since the development of the
printing press in the 15th century!
Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Internet Growth
• Exponential growth for the last few years
• In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in
2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in
2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet
• Hardware costs are decreasing year on year
• While the recent increase of usage in
developing countries has been significant, the
overall % of users is significantly less than
industrialized countries.
Internet Architecture
• Web is based on a client/server architecture using
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• Set of rules for communication between Web clients and servers
• Code is located inside <……>
• <a href=“http://www.who.int/hinari”>HINARI</a> tells the web
browser to open the HINARI website
Give me file x
Here it is
Desktop
computer “client”
Computer on the
Internet holding
information remote “server”
Server/Client Interface
SERVERS
Hardware
+ Software
Software
Protocols
CLIENTS
Hardware +
Software
Internet Services
• The World Wide Web or a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed
via the Internet (multiple delivery options)
• Search tools via WWW (search engines,
databases, gateways and portals)
• Communication (E-mail)
• Retrieval/information transfer (File
Transfer Protocol - FTP)
The World-Wide Web
• WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web
• Often what people mean by the Internet
• Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and
documents dynamically and interactively
• Uses hypertext markup language - HTML
• The WWW is a global standard
• Can use text, graphics, sound and video
• Anyone can link to and make use of the web
Delivery: Dial Up Connection
DIAL-UP CONNECTION
International Gateway Link
Phone Line
Internet
Client Computer
ISP Server
With Modem
•Speed of line
•Quality of line
•
Speed of connection
– modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per
second
– dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP)
– quality of telephone line
Delivery: Broadband Connection
FULL – TIME CONNECTION
Leased Line
Permanent
Connection
Local
Area
LAN Server
•Speed of line
•Quality of line
Network
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Speed of connection
LAN Server speed
Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to
1.0 Mbit/s)
Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite)
LAphone line
Internet
Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth)
• Cables vary in speed and amount of
information they can carry (bandwidth)
• Sometimes cables are slow in carrying
information or lose the signal, especially if
• information must cross long distances
• too much traffic on cable
• capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances
too much traffic on the cable
cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low
Internet Requirements for HINARI
• 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable
connection required.
• A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or
better) enables the fastest downloads.
• Satellite or network connections, though slower,
are also adequate.
• Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or
Mozilla Firefox 1.0
Web Browser
• Browser is the software that is used to view the
Web
• Standard browser features
– scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh
• Navigation - in built features
– back, forward, home, go to, yes, no
• Search on a single web page
• Multiple Web browser windows
• Besides Internet Explorer, there are other
options
http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox
Browser Customization
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Toolbar options
Link to a specific homepage
Using the right click mouse button
Using favorites or bookmarks
– Adding
– Organizing
– Editing
Adobe Reader for PDFs
• You will need an Adobe Reader to view
journal articles in PDF (Portable Document
Format).
• Adobe Reader can be downloaded for
FREE from the Adobe web site:
http://getadobe.com/reader/
http://get.adobe.com/reader/
Java
• You will need Java to view some articles
especially in HINARI
• Java can be downloaded for FREE from
the following website:
http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp
http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp
This page is being viewed with an
Internet Browser. Browsers allow
computers to read Hyper Text Markup Language OR HTML.
In this example we have entered the
URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for
the HINARI website and clicked on
the ENTER or RETURN key.
Hypertext links
Links to other pages are usually
underlined or in another colour of
text.
Forward and back navigation buttons
The arrow buttons on the tool bar
allow users to move Back and
Forward to pages within the website.
Home page button
The House icon on the tool bar will
take you back to the browser’s
default Home Page.
This is the end of Module 1.1
There is a Work Book to accompany this part of
the module. The workbook will take you through
a live session covering the topics included in this
demonstration with working examples.
Updated 2013 09