语法专题 专题一 解读冠词(P-3) 专题二 解读名词(P-39) 专题三 解读代词(P-76) 专题四 解读形容词、副词(P-109) 专题五 解读介词(P161) 专题六 解读动词和动词短语(P204) 专题七 解读非谓语动词(P-259) 专题八 解读情态动词和虚拟语气(P-321) 专题九 解读动词的时态、语态(P-383) 专题十 解读定语从句(P-445) 专题十一 解读名词性从句(P-490) 专题十二 解读状语从句(P-531) 专题十三 解读特殊句式(P-564) 专题十四 解读主谓一致与数词(P-605)
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Transcript 语法专题 专题一 解读冠词(P-3) 专题二 解读名词(P-39) 专题三 解读代词(P-76) 专题四 解读形容词、副词(P-109) 专题五 解读介词(P161) 专题六 解读动词和动词短语(P204) 专题七 解读非谓语动词(P-259) 专题八 解读情态动词和虚拟语气(P-321) 专题九 解读动词的时态、语态(P-383) 专题十 解读定语从句(P-445) 专题十一 解读名词性从句(P-490) 专题十二 解读状语从句(P-531) 专题十三 解读特殊句式(P-564) 专题十四 解读主谓一致与数词(P-605)
语法专题
专题一 解读冠词(P-3)
专题二 解读名词(P-39)
专题三 解读代词(P-76)
专题四 解读形容词、副词(P-109)
专题五 解读介词(P161)
专题六 解读动词和动词短语(P204)
专题七 解读非谓语动词(P-259)
专题八 解读情态动词和虚拟语气(P-321)
专题九 解读动词的时态、语态(P-383)
专题十 解读定语从句(P-445)
专题十一 解读名词性从句(P-490)
专题十二 解读状语从句(P-531)
专题十三 解读特殊句式(P-564)
专题十四 解读主谓一致与数词(P-605)
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语法专题
•专题一 解读冠词
考点荟萃
•
冠词不仅是高考单项填空题中常考的
项目,而且在书面表达题中,学生更容易
发生语感性和过失性错误,影响了文章的
整体水平。冠词虽然只有三个a,an和the,
但所使用的场合却纷繁复杂,学生记忆起
来常常没有头绪。下面来了解冠词的复习
要点。
正面解读
• 一、冠词的基本用法与习惯用法
• 关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,我们要
记住这个口诀: 名词冠词不分家,泛指特
指惯用法。
• 名词冠词不分家:冠词是虚词,不能单独
使用,必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。
而名词的可数与不可数,单数与复数等特
点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。
专题一 │ 正面解读
•
•
泛指特指惯用法:泛指即不明确具体所
指,是不定冠词a (an)和零冠词(即不使用冠
词)的基本用法。而特指是指说话者和听话者
都明确无误地知道所指,是定冠词the的基本
用法。我们把那些没有规律的习惯搭配称为
惯用法,它们需要单独记忆。
专题一 │ 正面解读
•
1.冠词的基本用法
单数可数名词
复数可数名 不可数名词
词
名词
冠词
Horses are Money is not
泛指(a/an/ A horse is a
useful animal. useful
everything.
零冠词)
animals.
特指(the)
The horse
The horses
was tired after were tired
a long journey. after a long
journey.
I bought him
a present
with the
money I had
saved.
专题一 │ 正面解读
• 注意:the与可数名词单数搭配有时可泛指,
表类属。如:The horse is a useful animal.
• 在我们说话时,先明确我们要泛指还是特指我
们所要谈的人或物,然后相应的选择合适的冠
词。其他的基本都可归为惯用法,需要理解后
记忆即可。如果掌握了这一规律,把复杂的问
题简单化后,你会发现很多问题都可以迎刃而
解。如:用在序数词,形容词最高级及形容词
only, very, same等前面的the其实就是the的基
本用法,即特指。请体会:That's the very
thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东
西。如:
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (1) [2010·四川卷] In __ most countries,a
university degree can give you __ flying
start in life.
• A.the;a B.the;/ C./;/ D./;a
• 【解析】 D 考查冠词词义辨析。第一空是
泛指大多数国家,省略冠词;第二空也是泛
指,start在这里作可数名词,意为“起始优
势;良好的基础条件”。a start in life为习惯
搭配,意为“有利于人生成功的优势”。句
意:在大多数国家,一张大学文凭能为你快
速发展奠定良好的基础。
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (2) —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went
right over
keyboard.
•
—You shouldn't put drinks near __
computer.
•
A.the;/ B.the;a C.a;/ D.a;
a
•
【解析】 B 考查冠词特指和泛指的用
法。keyboard是对话双方都已知的事物,
所以其前用the;而computer表示泛指,其
前用a/the都可以。
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (3) Some people fear that __ air pollution
may bring about changes in __ weather
around the world.
• A./;the
B.the;/
• C.an;the
D.the;a
• 【解析】 A air pollution 是抽象名词,这里
是泛指,不用冠词;weather在这里特指全球
的气候,因此用the。
• 2.冠词的习惯用法
• 很多情况下,是否要加冠词,常常是一个习
惯用法问题,特别是在一些固定的词组中,
有时是说不出道理的。如:
专题一 │ 正面解读
在城里
•
•
•
•
•
•
感冒了
in town
have a cold
in the city
catch (a) cold
at a distance 在一定距离外
in the distance 在远处
in danger of…有……的危险
in the habit of…有……的习惯
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (1) [2010·辽宁卷] There are over 58000
rocky objects in __
space,about
900 of which could fall down onto __ earth.
•
A.the;the
B./;the
•
C.the;/
D.a;the
• 【解析】 B 考查冠词。第一空in space 是
固定短语,不用冠词;第二空名词earth属
于独一无二事物的名词,其前必须用定冠
词。句意为:太空中有超过58000个岩状物
体,其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (2) Many people are still in __ habit of
writing silly things in __ public places.
•
A.the;the B./;/ C.the;/ D./;
the
• 【解析】 C 第一空是固定搭配中冠词的
使用:in the habit of;第二空考查冠词的
基本用法,“在公共场所”是泛指,故不
使用冠词。
• 二、抽象名词和物质名词具体化
• 1.不可数名词的具体化,包括抽象名词的
具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名
专题一 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents.
(令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success as an actor.
(一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you.
(一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一
件令人惊讶的事情)
专题一 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而
变成具体化的名词。
I like coffee. Would you like a coffee?
(一杯咖啡)
I have just had lunch. I have just had a
big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
2.有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词。
by bus/ by train/ by plane
at school/ college/ university/ table/
work/ sea
in class/ town/ church/ prison/ hospital/
专题一 │ 正面解读
•
•
如:
Gorge couldn't remember when he first
met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __
Sunday because everybody was at __
church.
•
A./;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;a
•
【解析】 C 第一空是指某一个星期天,
Sunday 在这里已变成一个普通的名词,所以
要加a;第二空at church是指“在教堂做礼
拜”,属于具体名词抽象化。
专题一 │ 正面解读
• 三、冠词的某些需注意的用法
• 1.
不定冠词a/an
• (1) 表示“同一”,相当于the same。如:
•
Birds of a feather flock together; people of
a kind fall into the same group. 物以类聚,人
以群分。
• (2) 表示“每”,相当于per。如:
•
three times a day一天三次
• (3)表示“某一个”,相当于a certain或some。
如:
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (4) 用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前。
如:
•
We all hope to have a peaceful and
friendly world.
•
我们都希望拥有一个和平友好的世界。
• (5) a+most 表示“非常,很”。如:
•
This is a most interesting story.
•
这是一个非常有趣的故事。
• (6) a+序数词,表示“又一,再一”。如:
•
He had decided to give it up, but on
专题一 │ 正面解读
• 2.
定冠词the
• (1)用于发明物的单数名词前(phone,car…)。
如:
•
Alexander Graham Bell invented the
telephone in 1876.
•
贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
• (2)用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。
如:
•
The Wangs will come to Beijing tomorrow.
•
王先生一家明天来北京。
专题一 │ 正面解读
• (4) 用于方位名词前。如:
•
on the right/left;in the east/south
• (5) 用于比较级词前,比较级句式中常附有表
示范围的“of the two…”结构。如:
•
Of the two boys, he is the cleverer.
•
两个男孩中,他是比较聪明的那一个。
专题一 │ 反面解读
反面解读
•
要注意冠词的使用误区,即: 第一次说
到不一定是泛指,第二次提到不一定就是
特指。
• 1.
—Have you seen __ pen? I left it
here this morning.
•
—Is it __ black one? I think I saw it
somewhere.
•
A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a
专题一 │ 反面解读
• 2.
Have you heard __ news?The
price of __ petrol is going up again!
•
A.the; the B./; the C.the;/ D./;
/
•
【解析】 C 句意为:你有没有听到这
个消息:石油的价格又要上涨了。news 虽
是第一次提到,但从语境看,说话者接着
说明了消息的具体内容。因此此处的消息
是特指,而非泛指某一消息。
专题一 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
A person who has __ final say in
an international company is usually __
influential one.
•
A.a; the B.the; an C.the; the
D.a; an
•
【解析】 B say(发言权)后有介词短语
修饰,表特指,所以要用定冠词,第二空
表泛指,且influential以元音音素开头,故
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2009·辽宁卷] This area
experienced __ heaviest rainfall in __
month of May.
•
A./; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the;
a
•
【解析】 C 考查定冠词的基本用法。
第一空指最大的降水量,形容词的最高级
前用the;第二空指五月这个月,表特指用
the,选C。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 3.
[2009·重庆卷] Washing machines
made by China have won __ worldwide
attention and Haier has become __
popular name.
•
A.a; the B./; a C./; the D.the; a
•
【解析】 B attention为不可数名词,
并且表示泛指,所以不用冠词;第二空是
指“海尔”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字,
表示泛指,用a。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 4.Students should be encouraged to
use __ Internet as __
resource.
• A./;a B./;the C.the; the D.the;
a
• 【解析】 D 考查冠词的用法。句意为:
学生们应该被鼓励把网络作为一种资源来
利用。Internet“因特网”,是独一无二的
事物,习惯上与定冠词the连用;resource
作“(教学)资源,办法”解是可数名词,
其前加a表示泛指。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 5.
—I am so sorry to have come late
for the meeting.
•
—It is not your fault. With __ rush hour
traffic and__
heavy rain, it is no wonder
you were late.
•
A.a; a B.the; the C./; / D./; a
•
【解析】 B 考查定冠词的用法。根据
语境可知,rushhour traffic和heavy rain 是
双方都知道的造成迟到的原因,应用定冠
词修饰。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 6.[2010·福建卷] It's __ good feeling for
people to admire the Shanghai World
Expo that gives them __ pleasure.
•
A./; a B.a; / C.the; a D.a; the
•
【解析】 B 句意为:去上海欣赏世博
会带给人们快乐,这是一种非常好的感觉。
feeling“感觉”,可数名词,“一种感觉”
含有“一”的概念,用不定冠词a。
pleasure“快乐,欢乐”,不可数名词,故
用零冠词。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 7.
“This victory alone is not __
change we seek—it is only __
chance for us to make that change.” said
Obama in his speech.
•
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the;
a
•
【解析】 C 依据句意可知,名词
change被限制性定语从句we seek修饰限定,
故用定冠词the表特指;chance被only修饰
限定,表特指“唯一的一个”,用定冠词
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 8.
[2009·四川卷] In order to find __
better job, he decided to study __ second
foreign language.
•
A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a;
the
•
【解析】 B 考查冠词的用法。句意为:
为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定再学习
另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指;第二空
用“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再
一”。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 9.[2010·北京卷] First impressions are the
most lasting. After all,you never get __
second chance to make __ first impression.
•
A.a;the B.the;the C.a;a
D.the;a
•
【解析】 C 本题考查冠词。第一空表
示“再一次,又一次”,序数词在此不表
示顺序,其前用不定冠词a/an;第二空表示
“一次第一印象”,表示泛指,用不定冠
词a。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 10.[2009·陕西卷] What __ pity that you
couldn't be there to receive __ prize!
•
A.a; a B.the; a C.a; the D.the;
the
•
【解析】 C 考查冠词的用法。第一空
所填冠词构成固定句型what a pity that…,
用不定冠词a;第二空后的名词表特指,用
定冠词the,选C。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 11.[2010·江苏卷] The visitors here are
greatly impressed by the fact that __
people from all walks of life are working
hard for __ new Jiangsu.
•
A./; a B./; the C.the; a D.the;
the
•
【解析】 A people from all walks of
life 是固定短语,表示“各行各业的人们”,
表泛指,故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰,
且表示“一”的概念,故用不定冠词a。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 12.As __ beautiful movie about pain,
struggle,hope and love,Slumdog
Millionaire swept the ceremony with eight
awards,including __ prize for the best
picture.
•
A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the;
the
•
【解析】 A 考查冠词的用法。第一空
处意为“Slumdog Millionaire (《贫民窟里
的百万富翁》)是一部关于痛苦、挣扎、希
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 13.__ walk is expected to last all day, so
bring __
packed lunch.
•
A.A; a B.The; / C.The; a D.A;/
• 【解析】 C 本题考查冠词的基本用法。
the walk 是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走,
所以是特指。后面是提醒要带一份盒饭,
所以用不定冠词a。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 14.My neighbor asked me to go for __
walk, but I don't think I've got __ energy.
•
A.a; / B.the; the C./; the D.a;
the
•
【解析】 D 句意为:我的邻居请我出
去散步,但我认为我没有那份精力。第一
空为固定词组,go for a walk去散步,第二
空特指散步的那份精力,选D。
专题一 │ 实战演练
• 15.Of all the subjects,I like __ history
best because it gives us __ useful
knowledge of things in the past.
•
A.the;a B./;a C.a;the D.a;
/
•
【解析】 B 表示课程的名词前不加冠
词,故第一空不填冠词;第二空表示
“……有用的知识”,knowledge为抽象名
词具体化,其前需要加冠词,useful的发音
为[′juːsful],故用不定冠词a。
•专题二 解读名词
专题二 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
名词是英语的主要词汇之一,也是
历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对
名词的考查,单项填空题中,每年都出现
1—2道题。此外,在阅读理解和完形填空
中,名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉
及。因此,在备考中一定要结合具体的语
境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词
多义以及名词的习惯用法。
专题二 │ 正面解读
正面解读
• 一、名词的分类
专有名词:Hong Kong,China,Red Cross
名词
个体名词 : st udent, book
可数名词
,police,people
集体名词 : family
普通名词
, air, t ea
不可数名词 物质质名 : cot t on
: work, happiness, news
抽象名词
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 二、名词的数:可数与不可数
•
学习名词,首先要分清名词的可数
与不可数。可数名词是指能以数目来计算,
可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数
形式。不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,
不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感
情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复
数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,
若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个名
词短语连用,相当于中文里的(数词+量词
专题二 │ 正面解读
•
一般来说,名词是可数还是不可数,其
分类方法与汉语相似,但又不完全相同,
因此不能完全凭汉语的感觉去分类,如:
同样为“建议”,advice是不可数名词,而
suggestion却是可数名词。因此,在学习名
词时,要注意积累那些和我们汉语感觉不
同的词。
• 三、名词的转化
• 1.
一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,
但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作
专题二 │ 正面解读
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化(个体名词,可数名
词)
in surprise 惊讶地
a surprise 一件令人惊讶
的事
win success 获得成功
a success 一个(件)成功
的人(事)
win honor 赢得荣誉
an honor 一个(件)引以为
荣的人(事)
Failure is the mother of
a failure 一个(件)失败的
success.失败是成功之母. 人(事)
have pity on sb. 怜悯某人 a pity 可惜的事情
专题二 │ 正面解读
• (2)抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,
转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类
别。请对比:
•
After several years' self study he
acquired a great deal of knowledge.
•
A knowledge of English is a must in
international trade.
•
Have you had any experience of
teaching English?
•
I had a rather different experience the
专题二 │ 正面解读
•
【易错警示】 有些抽象名词不能具体化
使用,即使有形容词修饰,也不能和不定
冠词连用。这类名词有:fun,advice,
information,health, progress, wealth,
news, weather,homework等。
• 2.
物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数
量或种类之多时,可以用作可数名词。如:
专题二 │ 正面解读
• (1)
物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有
单、复数。
some coffee 一些咖 a coffee 一杯咖啡
啡
some drink 一些饮 a drink 一杯饮料
料
his hair 他的头发
a few white hairs 几
根白发
glass 玻璃
a glass 一只玻璃杯
专题二 │ 正面解读
• (2) 物质名词有形容词修饰时,前面要使用
不定冠词。
•
have breakfast
•
have a wonderful breakfast
•
The road is covered with snow.
•
They have a heavy snow every year.
•
Time and tide wait for no man.
•
We had a wonderful time last night.
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 3.
有复数形式的不可数名词
• (1) 有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现,表
示具体化,意义发生变化或构成固定短语。
如:
•
use one's brains
动脑筋
•
meet with difficulties遇到各种困难
•
make preparations 做准备
•
in high spirits
情绪高涨
•
good manners
有礼貌
•
Many thanks.
非常感谢。
•
No pains,no gains.不劳无获。
专题二 │ 正面解读
• (2) 有些物质名词以复数形式出现,表示数
量之多,范围之广。如:
•
burst into tears 大哭起来
•
miles of golden sands 绵延几英里的金
黄色沙滩
•
burn to ashes 烧成灰烬
• 四、名词的格
• 1.
's所有格的特殊表达形式
• (1) 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的
专题二 │ 正面解读
• (2) 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名
词后。如:the earth's plant, the world's
population, China's industry, New York's
parks。
• (3) 表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有
格后省去shop,house等名词。如:the
tailor's 裁缝店,the barber's理发店,go to
the doctor's上诊所。
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 2.
of所有格
• (1) 基本形式:a friend of Tom's
•
some/two students of mine
• (2) 表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时,
of 所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词
that/this/these/those, 但不能用the。如:
•
That invention of hers belongs to the
world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表
赞赏)
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 五、名词作定语
•
名词作定语是现代英语较为简洁的修饰
语表达方式,根据习惯搭配可归为以下几
类:
•
表示中心词的用途、功能、材料。
•
stone wall, shoe shop, coffee cup
•
表示中心词的时间、地点、称呼。
•
summer school, evening dress, street
light
专题二 │ 正面解读
•
注意:
• 1. 名词作定语时,一般用其单数形式,
且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化。如:
•
two pencil boxes, girl friends
• 但是,少数的名词作定语却用复数形式,
如:
•
sports shoes 运动鞋
•
clothes shops 服装店
•
a sales girl女销售员
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 2.
man和woman作定语要注意其单复
数形式的变化。
•
a man doctor—men doctors; a woman
engineer—women engineers
• 3. 名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。
•
the girl friend女朋友—the girl's friend那
位女孩的朋友
•
the woman driver女司机—the woman's
driver那位妇女的司机
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 4. 名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别。
•
名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源
或对象;形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定
的作用。
•
gold watch金表;
golden sunshine
金色的阳光
•
heart trouble心脏病;hearty welcome
热忱的欢迎
•
convenience food快餐;convenient
food制作方便的食品
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 六、名词在具体语境中的辨析
•
由于现在的高考越来越注重在语境中考
查词汇的使用能力,因此在语境中对名词
进行辨析使用已成为单项填空和完形填空
对名词的热点考查项目。如:
•
• 1.
[2010·天津卷] James took the
magazines off the little table to make
_______ for the television.
•
A.room B.area C.field
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 2.
[2010·安徽卷] I haven't seen Sara
since she was a little girl,and she has
changed beyond
.
•
A.hearing B.strength
C.recognition D.measure
•
【解析】 C 考查介词与名词搭配。句
意为:Sara是小孩子的时候我见过,后来
就没见过她,她变得让人认不出来了。
beyond recognition变得面目全非。
专题二 │ 正面解读
• 3.
[2010·湖北卷] For two weeks,
Mark accompanied Susan to and from
work each day. He taught her how to rely
on her other 40 , specifically her
hearing, to determine where she was and
how to adapt to her new 41 .
•
40.A. feelings B.organs C.skills
D.senses
•
41.A. position B.environment
C.status D.role
专题二 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1. 【误】 There is fierce competition
between the three shoes shops in the
street.
•
【正】 There is fierce competition
between the three shoe shops in the street.
•
【解析】 此处指商店的性质,用单数形
式。
专题二 │ 反面解读
• 2.
【误】 Happy birthday, Peter, and
many happy return of the day!
•
【正】 Happy birthday, Peter, and many
happy returns of the day!
•
【解析】 这是一句固定的生日祝福语,
“祝你生日快乐,长命百岁”。returns 在此
处便是约定俗成的用法。
• 3.
【误】 He works in a child hospital.
•
【正】 He works in a children's hospital.
•
【解析】 有些名词作定语表示名词的适用
范围时,习惯上用名词复数的's所有格形式,
专题二 │ 反面解读
• 4.
这位经理有良好的商业意识,因此公
司经营良好。
•
【误】 The manager has got a good
business idea, so the company is doing well.
•
【正】 The manager has got a good
business sense, so the company is doing
well.
•
【解析】 idea指对某件具体事物的看法或
想法,显然不符合语境。sense意识,……感。
专题二 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
—Don't be so naughty! Be your
________.
•
—Got it.
•
A.manners B.age C.behavior
D.politeness
•
【解析】 B 本题考查固定词组。be
one's age行为和年龄相称。此处意为:你
成熟点。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 2.
—How can I use this MP5?
•
—Well, just refer to the __________.
•
A.directions
B.explanations
•
C.expressions
D.introductions
•
【解析】 A 依据题意可知,表达“参
照说明书”应用refer to the directions。
directions指示, 用法, 说明(书);
explanations解释,说明;expressions表达;
introductions介绍。故选择A项。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 3.
In Rome, it's a common _______
to have a shot of espresso after breakfast.
•
A.practice B.taste C.sense
D.customs
•
【解析】 A 本题考查名词词义辨析。
practice惯例,侧重习惯性做某事;taste味
道,品味;sense感觉,观念;customs海
关。由语境可知,在罗马,早餐后喝杯浓
咖啡是个惯例。common sense常识。选A。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 4.The top leaders of the two countries
are holding talks in a friendly __________.
•
A.atmosphere B.state C.situation
D.phenomenon
•
【解析】 A 句意为:两国领导人在一
种友好的氛围中进行交谈。B和C都有“情
形,情况”的意思,D 是“现象”,只有
A“氛围”符合题意。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 5.
—Hi,this way, please.
•
—OK. I sometimes have no sense of
_________ when I arrive at the crossroads.
•
A.position B.direction C.situation
D.condition
•
【解析】 B have no sense of direction
意为“没有方向感”。
• 6.Shelly had prepared carefully for her
English examination so that she could be
sure of passing it on her first _______.
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 7.
Mr. Brown thought it would be a
good idea to have ________ from his
workers to improve his plan.
•
A.summaries
B.enquiries
•
C.comments
D.connections
•
【解析】 C 考查名词辨析。comment
意见。句意为:布朗先生认为听取工人的
意见来改进工作计划是一个好办法。而不
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 8.
Don't try to persuade your boss,
and he won't have the ________ of
employing me—a fresh student.
•
A.intention B.attention C.sense
D.attraction
•
【解析】 A 考查固定搭配。句意为:
别费力说服你的老板了,他不想雇用我这
个大一学生的。have the intention of doing
sth.意为“打算做某事,有做某事的意图”,
是固定搭配。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 9.
What's the ________ having a
public open space where you can't eat,
drink or even simply hang out for a while?
•
A.sense B.matter C.case
D.opinion
•
【解析】 A sense在此处指“意义,
含义”;matter事件,问题,原因;case事,
案例;opinion意见,看法,主张。What's
the sense of…?有什么意义。
• 10.I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in
a sale;it was a real ________.
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 11.If you ask why I plan to study in the
United States,the only answer is that it is
a (n) ______ for me.
•
A.puzzle B.advantage
C.challenge D.average
•
【解析】 C 考查名词辨析。challenge
意为“挑战”,即选择在美国学习的理由
是因为这样做具有挑战性。其他选项不合
语境:puzzle意为“困惑”;advantage意
为“优点,优势”;average意为“平均
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 12.—Shall we go out for a walk?
•
—Sorry. This is not the right ________
to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
•
A.moment B.situation C.place
D.chance
•
【解析】 A 从语境可知“我累得不能
走了”,因此“这不是邀请我的最佳时
刻”。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 13.To make members of a team perform
better, the trainer first of all has to know
their ________ and weaknesses.
•
A.strengths B.benefits
C.techniques D.values
•
【解析】 A strength在此处指“优势,
优点”,与weakness(弱势,弱点)相对。
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 14.It is well known to us all that in China
pigeons stand for peace. However, in India
the wheel in its national flag is also a
________ of peace.
•
A.example B.sign C.mark
D.symbol
•
【解析】 D 考查名词辨析。句意为:
众所周知在中国鸽子代表和平,而在印度
国旗上的车轮也是和平的象征。symbol 意
为“象征;符号”,故D项符合题意。sign
专题二 │ 实战演练
• 15.One thousand dollars a month is not
a fortune but will help cover my living
________.
•
A.bills B.expenses C.prices
D.charges
•
【解析】 B 考查名词辨析。句意为:
每月一千美元不是一笔大数目的钱,但却
足够支付我的生活费用。living expenses生
活开支/费用。bill账单,清单;price价格;
charge要价,收费。
•专题三 解读代词
专题三 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落,
因此也是高考的一个重要考点。代词多出
现在单项填空和阅读理解中。从近几年的
高考题来看,代词的考点主要集中在不定
代词以及it的用法上。命题点:(1)不同代词
的语义功能和语法功能;(2)不同代词之间
的意义区别。
专题三 │ 正面解读
正面解读
• 一、代词的基本用法
•类
别
词义
例句
人
称
代
词
主格:
I/we/you/he
/she/it/they
①—Who is
①作表语习
there?
惯用宾格,
在电话用语
—It's me.
中常用宾格。
②—Does any
②当人称代
of you know
where Tom lives?词孤立地用
于不带谓语
宾格:
me/us/you
/him/her
it/them
备注
专题三 │ 正面解读
类
别
词义
物
主
代
词
形容词性物 This book is
hers(=her book).
主代词:
my/our/her/hi a friend of mine
s /their
名词性物主
代词:
mine/ours/yo
urs/his/hers/t
heirs
例句
备注
形容词性物
主代词作定
语;名词性
物主代词作
主语、宾语、
表语
专题三 │ 正面解读
类
别
词义
例句
反
身
代
词
一般用来作
主语和宾语
的同位语,
表示强调;
也可用作动
词或介词的
宾语;有时
也可作表语。
I'm not myself today.
help oneself (to sth.),
enjoy oneself, make
oneself understood,
by oneself,for
oneself
备注
专题三 │ 正面解读
类
别
词义
例句
指
示
代
词
①this,
①He got up late.
these 是近指;That's why he
that,those was late.
是远指
②I can't jump
②this可指代 that high.
下文要讲的
事;that 可指
代上文提到
过的事
备注
专题三 │ 正面解读
类
别
词义
相
互
代
词
each other用 How are you
在现代英语
于两者或两 getting on with
中它们可通
者以上;one each other?
用
another 用于
三者或三者
以上
all/both;either/neither;none/no one;
another/the other;some/any;one/someone;
anybody;everything;nothing
不
定
代
例句
备注
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 二、代词辨析
• 1.some与any
• (1)
some一般用于肯定句中,但在表示
请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时,可用于
疑问句中;any一般用于否定、疑问句或条
件句中,但当any强调“任何一……”时,用
于肯定句中。something,somebody,
someone的用法同some;anything,
anybody,anyone的用法同any。如:
• —Would you like to give me some if you
have any?
• —Yes, I'd love to. You can come and get
them any day you like.
专题三 │ 正面解读
•
•
2.none, nobody, no one与nothing
none既可指人又可指物,表示特指
概念,其后可跟of所引导的一个范围,常回
答how many和how much引导的疑问句;
no one和nobody只能指人,表示泛指概念,
常回答who引导的疑问句,且不可与of短语
搭配,nothing只能指物,表示泛指概念,
常回答what引导的疑问句。如:
• — Who is in the reading room?— No
one/ Nobody.
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 3.
another与other
•
another指三者或三者以上当中的
另一个;the other指两者当中的另一个,
也可接名词复数,特指其他某些人或物;
other意思是“其他的”,不能单独使用,
后面必须接名词,表泛指;others可指其他
的人或东西,相当于other+名词复数;the
others特指其他某些人或物,相当于the
other+名词复数。
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 4.
两者
both或
either
三者(或以 例句
上)
all, any或 ①They were all very tired,
every
but none of them would
stop for a break.
②—Do you want tea or
coffee?
—Either. I really don't mind.
③—When can I come for
the book?
专题三 │ 正面解读
两者
部
分
否
定
全
部
否
定
三者(或
以上)
Not
Not all =
both All…not
=
Not
Both every=
… not every…n
ot
Neith None=
er= Not…any
not … /a=no…
either
例句
①“Everything is not right”
doesn‘t equal “Nothing is
right”.
②Not all of them like English.
Just some do.
①—Which of the two films
would you like to see?
—I'm interested in neither.
②Not one of them were hurt.
专题三 │ 正面解读
功能
例句
代• 5.one/that/those/it
词
one one:单数,ones: ①A bridge built of
复数,泛指前面提及 stones is stronger than
的人或物。one之前 one built of wood.
有形容词修饰时可以
与不定冠词、定冠词、 ②I don't like this green
基数词、物主代词或 apple. Please give me a
名词所有格连用。
red one/the red one on
Th that、those+后置定 the table.
at/t 语,特指替代同类中 ③The girls in our class
hos 的人或物(that一般不 are more active than
e
指人)。
those in your class.
不可数名词只能用
④The population of
that
is larger than that
it
代替前文出现的同一 China
of America.
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 三、it的几大考点
• 1.
it 用作形式主语的用法
• 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,
为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主
语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用
作形式主语的三类特殊句式:
• (1) 用作动词look, seem, appear, happen,
occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if
从句)。如:
•
It (so) happened that I had no money
专题三 │ 正面解读
• (2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语
从句时,通常在系表结构前使用形式主语
表示说话人对某情况的看法。如:
•
It was a great surprise to me when he
did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。
• (3) 用于if it were not for…/ if it hadn't been
for…(若不是因为)结构中。如:
•
If it hadn't been for the freezing wind
they could have reached the injured man
in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风,他们就能及
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 2.
it 用作形式宾语的用法
•
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且
其后跟有宾语补足语时,常在宾语补足语
前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句
末。 it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式:
• (1) 动词+it+if / when从句。
•
当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer,
appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引
导的从句时,此时需要先在动词后接it作形
式宾语。如:
专题三 │ 正面解读
• (2)
动词+介词+it+that从句。
•
能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend
on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。
如:
•
I'll see to it that all these letters will be
sent to the post office before twelve.
•
我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮
局。
• 3.
it 在强调句中的用法。如:
•
It was lack of money, not of efforts, that
defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫,原因
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 4.
it 在习语中的用法。
•
包括it的习语很多,如:
•
make it 成功,到达
•
take it easy 别着急,放心好了
•
believe it or not信不信由你
•
forget it没关系;别在意;算了吧
•
That's it. (口语)完了;没有了(表示某个情
况已经结束);做得对。
•
when it comes to sth.说到,涉及
专题三 │ 正面解读
• 5.
与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。
•
It+is/has been+一段时间+since从句
•
It's ages since we last met.
•
自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。
•
It+was/will be+一段时间+before从句(从
句用一般过去时或一般现在时)
•
It was not long before he left Nanjing.
•
It+was+时间点+when从句(从句谓语用
一般过去时)
•
It was eight o'clock when we arrived.
专题三 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
The information on the Internet
gets around much more rapidly than
________ in the newspaper.
•
A.it B.those C.one D.that
•
【误】 只注意information是不可数名词
而选择A;误把information看作是复数概念
而选择B;把information理解为是单数可数
名词而误选C。
•
【正】 D 句意为:因特网信息比报纸
信息传播更迅速。it指代前面提到的事物,
专题三 │ 反面解读
• 2.
To save class time, our teacher
has _____ students do half of the exercise
in class and complete the other half for our
homework.
•
A.us B.we C.our D.ours
•
【误】 认为students是名词,应该用形
容词修饰,而误选C;对词性把握不够而误
选B、D。
•
【正】 A 根据our teacher可知说话人
是学生,us与students是同位语。has是动
专题三 │ 反面解读
• 3.
The protection of our environment
is not __________ to be left to the
environment. Everyone should be
concerned.
•
A.nothing B.anything
C.something D.everything
• 【误】 受not的影响,容易误选anything,
但anything与not连用多用来表示没有东西,
与所给语境不符。
•
【正】 C something在此处表示“某
专题三 │ 反面解读
• 5.
你没有必要惊慌。
•
【误】 It is no need for you to panic.
•
【正】 It is not necessary for you to
panic.
•
【正】 There is no need for you to
panic.
•
【解析】 要注意区分it作形式主语的句
型和there be 引出的句型。it作形式主语时
可以很容易地找到它所代替的真正的主语,
而there be句型里是没有这个替代关系的。
专题三 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
—Do you want milk or coffee?
•
—_______. I really don't mind.
•
A.None B.Neither C.Either
D.All
•
【解析】 C 此题考查代词none,
neither, either, all 的用法。根据问句知道是
两者之间进行选择,而且从答句中后一句
的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2009·陕西卷] Jane was asked a
lot of questions, but she didn't answer
______ of them.
•
A.other B.any C.none D.some
•
【解析】 B 考查代词辨析。所填词与
not构成全部否定,四个选项中只有any与
not构成not…any,等于none,表示全部否
定,选B。
• 3.
Will you see to ________ that my
birds are well looked after while I am away?
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 4.
[2010·福建卷] When you introduce
me to Mr. Johnson,could you please say
__________ for me?
•
A.everything B.anything
C.something D.nothing
•
【解析】 C 考查代词。句意为:当你
把我介绍给约翰逊先生时,能为我说说话
吗?something 用在问句中是表示建议或请
求,期望得到肯定回答。
• 5.
[2010·重庆卷] He had lost his
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 6.
—How do you find your new
classmates?
• —Most of them are kind, but
__________ is so good to me as Bruce.
• A.none B.no one C.every one
D.some one
• 【解析】 A 考查代词的用法。根据but
一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围
的用none,相当于none of my new
classmates。no one不必有这种范围。
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 7.
Make sure you've got the
passports and tickets and __________
before you leave.
•
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
•
【解析】 C 考查不定代词的用法。理
解句意是关键。句意为:在你们离开前,
确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。
everything所有,一切东西;something某
种东西;anything任何东西;nothing没有
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 8.
[2010·山东卷] Helping others is a
habit, _____ you can learn even at an
early age.
•
A.it B.that C.what D.one
•
【解析】 D 句意为:帮助他人是一种
习惯,一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在
此指a habit。
• 9.
Isn't it amazing how the human
body heals _____ after an injury?
•
A.himself B.him C.itself D.it
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 10.[2010·安徽卷] You are a team star!
Working with _____
is really your cup
of tea.
•
A.both B.either C.others D.the
other
•
【解析】 C 考查代词的用法。sb.'s
cup of tea 合乎某人的口味,使某人感兴趣
的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。
• 11.[2010·陕西卷] The cost of renting a
house in central Xi'an is higher than _____
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 12. [2010·四川卷] On my desk is a photo
that my father took of _____ when I was a
baby.
•
A.him B.his C.me D.mine
•
【解析】 C 考查代词词义辨析。作介
词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意为:我的
桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照
片。
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 13.—We should save some food for
_______ who arrives late.
•
—There's no need. __________ is
here.
•
A.anyone; Everyone
B.everyone;
Anyone
•
C.anyone; Anyone
D.everyone;
Everyone
•
【解析】 A 考查代词辨析。句意为:
“我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的
专题三 │ 实战演练
• 14.I agree with most of what you said,
but I don't agree with _______________.
•
A.everything B.anything
C.nothing D.none
• 【解析】 A not…everything 部分否定,
不是所有的都。
• 15.How can I help _____ if people don't
read the instructions?
•
A.that B.it C.what D.them
•专题讲座
•正反解读形容词、副词
•考点荟萃 形容词与副词是高考考查的热点,
高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表
达,任何一项题目中都有可能涉及形容词
等级、辨析和在句中的位置。关于形容词
与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:
在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析;考
查形容词作状语;考查比较级的用法尤其
是隐性比较;考查一些习语搭配;与形容
词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的
区别;多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。
正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
形容词、副词的主要功能
1.
形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和
补语,但有时也作状语,表示伴随、原因
等。如:
We find the boy considerate. (宾补)
He walked in the snow, cold and
hungry. (伴随状语)
Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy
road. (原因状语)
• 2.副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注
性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现
在考查的重点。如:
He spoke English fairly fluently. (修饰性状语)
Fortunately, none of them was hurt. (评注状语)
His first response was to say no. Later,
however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语)
注意:
• (1) 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质,而副词
作状语则修饰动词。如:
He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。
He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时
又累又饿。
• (2) 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly,
honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语
往往修饰整个句子,对整个句子进行说明或解
释,表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位
于句首,常用逗号与句子分开。如:
• Surprisingly, no one in the class could work
out the problem.
• Personally, I don't think he will interview you.
• (3) 还有些副词起连接作用,使前后句构成某
种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有:
意义
表示列举和顺
序
表示意义增补
和引申
表示意义等同
表示结果
表示换个说法
表示意义转折
表示让步
表示时间过度
例词
first(ly),second(ly), then, next,
finally, last
also,besides,furthermore,
moreover
equally, similarly
therefore, thus, consequently
rather, alternatively
instead,though, yet, however
anyhow, anyway
meanwhile, meantime
• I am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame.
我错了。同样地,你也该受到谴责。
• Seize the chance. Otherwise you'll regret it.
抓住这个机会,否则你会后悔的。
• They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather,
they appear to be enjoying themselves. 他
们正玩得很开心,更精确地说,他们好像正
玩得很开心。
• He forgot to turn on the radio and thus
missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机,
因此错过了那个节目。
•
It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.
可能下雪,但我无论如何要进城。
• He said he would come; he didn't, though.
•
他说他要来,可是并没有来。
• Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I
cleaned the house.
•
母亲去买东西;我打扫屋子。
• 二、形容词的位置
• 1.形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情
况后置:
• (1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。如:
•
a language difficult to master, a leaning
tower about 180 feet high
• (2)表语形容词(alike,alone,asleep,
awake,alive等)作定语,定语后置。如:a
man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词,
如:well,faint,ill只作表语。sick既可作表
语又可作定语,ill若作定语意为“bad”。
• (3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one,any,
some和every构成的复合词,如anything,
something等时,通常后置。如:
•
I have something important to tell you.
• (4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置
定语。
• 2.多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词
的顺序:
限定词
冠
词
前
的
形
容
词
all
both
suc
h
数词
冠词、 序
指示 数
代词、 词
名词
所有
格等
the
a this
anoth
er
your
基
数
词
形容词
性质 大小
状态 长短
形状
颜
色
firs one bea large ne
t
four utifu short w
ne
l
squar old
xt
goo e
d
poor
国籍
出版
材
料
质
地
作用
类别
Chine silk medic
se
sto al
easter ne writin
n
g
名
词
•
•
•
•
•
•
a beautiful small round old yellow
French wooden study room
口诀巧记:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和
新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
(1) The husband gave his wife
____________ every month in order to
please her.
A.income all his B.his all income
C.his income all D.all his income
【解析】 D 考查多个限定词的词序。
all前位限定; his中位限定。
• (2) The ___________________ house
smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
• A.little white wooden
B.little wooden
white
• C.white wooden little D.wooden white little
• 【解析】 A 考查多个形容词修饰同一中心
词的词序: 大小 + 颜色 + 材料。
• 三、副词的分类
•
英语里的副词分为9类:时间、地点、
方式、频率、程度、连接、关系、疑问和
句子副词。常见的有:
• 时间副词:常见的时间副词有now, then,
soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally,
before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday,
tonight, suddenly, immediately,already,
just 等。
• 地点副词:常见的地点副词有here, there,
up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead,
abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway,
upstairs, downstairs 等。
• 频率副词:频率副词表示动作发生的次数,
常见的有ever, never, rarely, seldom, once,
often, occasionally, constantly, frequently,
usually, continually, always 等。
• 程度副词:程度副词用于表示程度,常见
的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much,
too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly,
awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
• 连接副词:常见的连接副词有therefore,
besides, otherwise, however, moreover,
thus, meanwhile, when, why, where, how
等。
• 句子副词:句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是
修饰某个单词),反映说话人的观点和看法,
如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely,
evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly,
luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly,
probably, surely, undoubtedly,
unexpectedly 等。
• 四、兼有两种形式的副词
•
有些副词有两种形式,一种形式是在形
容词后加ly,另一种是“形、副同形”,但
其意义有很大差别, 这类词主要有:
• 1.不加ly表示具体概念,加ly表示抽象概
念或用于比喻意义。
•
high空间高度 The plane was flying high.
•
highly高度地,非常地 I think highly of
•
your opinion.
• 注意短语:aim high 心怀大志,志向高远
•
deep空间深度 He pushed the stick
•
deep into the mud.
•
deeply深深地 Even father was deeply
•
moved by the film.
• 注意搭配:deep into the night到深夜
•
• wide空间宽度 He opened the door wide.
• widely广泛地,普遍地 English is widely
used in the world.
• 注意短语:be wide awake 完全清醒
• close 接近地,紧紧地 He is sitting
•
close to me.
• closely 仔细地,严密地 Watch him closely.
• 2.两种形式,词义差别较大
• late晚,迟 You have come too late.
• lately 最近What have you been doing
lately(=recently)?
• free免费You can eat free in my restaurant
whenever you like.
• freely 自由地You may speak freely; say
what you like.
• 2.两种形式,词义差别较大
• most 很,非常,最 He is most kind to me.
• mostly 主要地,大部分 She is mostly at
•
home on Sundays.
• hard 努力地 Think harder.
• hardly 几乎不,简直不 I can hardly
•
understand you.
•
•
•
•
•
•
五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型
1.as+adj./adv.原级+as
not as/ so+adj./adv.原级+as
注意:当as…as 中间有名词时用以下格式。
This is as good an example as the other is.
= This is an example as good as the
other is.
• 2.adj./adv.比较级+than
•
You are taller than I.
•
•
•
•
•
•
注意:
比较级后面跟有名词时,有时需要加适
当的冠词。
Tom is the taller of the two brothers.
I have never read a better story.
3.the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词
/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have
ever…)
This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the
shop/ I have ever had.
•
注意:
• (1) 当没有比较的范围时,most表示非常,
相当于very,此时没有比较概念。
• Steel is most useful / a most useful
material in industry.
• (2) “否定词语+比较级”,“否定词语+
so…as”结构表示最高级含义。
•
Nothing is so easy as this.
• = Nothing is easier than this.
• = This is the easiest thing.
•
We couldn't feel better.
• 4.the +比较级…, the+比较级…越……,
越……
• The more practice you do, the fewer
mistakes you will make.
• 5.比较级+ and+比较级 越来越……
• The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
• 六、比较级和最高级的修饰词
• 1.almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half,
twice 等词可以用来修饰as…as结构。
• 2.much, many(只能在比较级后是可数名词
复数时使用),far, by far, a lot, a great deal,
rather, a bit, a little, even, still, yet,no,
twice等词可以修饰more than比较级。
• 3.by far, almost, nearly, much,first等词可
以修饰最高级。
• This problem is exactly as important as that
one.
• Mike is much / a lot/ far/ a little stronger than
John.
• He has much more money than me but I
have many more books than him.
• My father is two inches taller than me/
taller than me by two inches.
• Today is even/ still/ yet colder.
• I can't go any farther.=I can go no farther.
• This hat is by far the biggest.
• The Yellow River is the second longest
river in China.
• 七、表达倍数的常用句型结构
• 1.A is three/four…times the
size/height/length/width…of B.或The
size/height/length/width of A is
three/four…times that of…如:
• The newly broadened square is four times
the size of the previous one.
• 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。
• 2.A is three/four…times as
big/high/long/wide…as B.如:
• This tree is three times as tall as that one.
•
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
• 3.A is three/four…times
bigger/higher/longer/wider…than B.如:
• The dictionary is exactly five times more
expensive than that one.
• 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。
• 注意:用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三
倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或
double。
• 八、特殊结构和固定搭配
• 形容词和副词有许多特殊结构和固定搭配,
归纳与考点有密切联系的部分如下:
• 1.too…to句型的两个意义
• (1) 表示否定意义,意为“太……而不能”。
如:
• This question is too hard for me to
understand.
•
这个问题太难,我理解不了。
• The flower is too beautiful to last. 花太美,
难经久。
• (2) 表示肯定意义,意为“非常,很,极”。
当too后面接easy, ready, eager, willing,
thankful, delighted等形容词时,too表示“很,
非常”之意,与very表达“很”的意思相同。
当too前有all, but, only等词时,形成only
too/all too…to do结构,仍旧表达“非常,很,
极”之意。如:
•
I'm too glad to hear the news.
•
听到这个消息我非常高兴。
•
He's only too pleased to pick her up.
•
他非常高兴去接她。
•
They are but too glad to see me.
•
他们非常高兴来看我。
• 2.A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B
就如C对于D。”如:
•
Engines are to machines what hearts
are to animals.
•
发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
• 3.than的习惯短语
• (1) more than意为“超过,多于;十分,非
常;不仅仅”。如:
• I was more than surprised at his sudden
arrival.
• 对他的突然到来我非常吃惊。
• (2)more…than意为“与其……不如”。如:
• He was more frightened than hurt.
• 与其说他受到伤害不如说他受到了惊吓。
• (3) rather than意为“而非,不,宁愿……也
不”(would/had rather…than)。如:
•
Rather than take a bus to school, I'd
prefer to walk.
•
我宁愿步行上学也不愿乘车。
• (4) other than常意为“除……之外,不同
于”;在否定结构中,形成no/not/nothing
other than 的结构搭配,常意为“正是,恰
好是,除了……别无”。如:
•
It was no other than my old friend
Jones.
•
就是我的老朋友琼斯。
反面解读
• 1.要避免重复使用比较级。
• 【误】 He is more cleverer than his
brother.
• 【正】 He is more clever than his brother.
• 【正】 He is cleverer than his brother.
• 2.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
• 【误】 China is larger than any country
•
in Asia.
• 【正】 China is larger than any other
•
country in Asia.
• 3.比较的对象要一致。
• 【误】 The weather in China is different from
America.
• 【正】 The weather in China is different from
that in America.
• 【解析】 句意为:中国的天气与美国的天气
不同。比较的是天气而不是国家,比较的主体
要一致,因此用that代替前面的weather。
• 4.要避免表语形容词用作定语。
•
【误】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid
girl crouching in the corner.
•
【正】 Entering the room, I saw a
frightened girl crouching in the corner.
•
【解析】 afraid是表语形容词不能作定语,
而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词,
可以作定语。
• 5.不要把连接性副词当连词使用。
• (1) 【误】 He takes no interest in studies,
instead, he plays tennis all day.
•
【正】 He takes no interest in studies;
instead, he plays tennis all day.
•
【正】 He takes no interest in studies.
Instead, he plays tennis all day.
• (2)【误】 The house is not big enough for us,
besides, it is too far from town.
•
【正】 The house is not big enough for us,
and besides, it is too far from town.
•
【正】 The house is not big enough for us.
Besides, it is too far from town.
•
【解析】 instead, besides等很多词是起连
接作用的副词,不能当连词使用,因此它们所
在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑
关系,而句子之间在语法上是独立的,因此前
面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。
实战演练
• 1.[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Mr. Black is very
happy because the clothes made in his
factory have never been ____________.
• A.popular
B.more popular
• C.most popular D.the most popular
•
【解析】 B 考查形容词比较级的用法。
形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高
级,表示“没有比……更……的”。
• 2.
Much to his surprise,he invited
only twenty friends to the dinner,but
________________ came.
• A.twice as many as
• B.as many as twice
• C.twice as many
• D.twice more than
• 【解析】 C 考查倍数的表达。很显然这里
要表达的意思是:来的客人人数是他邀请的
客人数的两倍,所以要用“倍数+as many
as”结构。第二个as及其后的内容省略。
• 3.Food safety is __________ important,
so the government spares no effort to
prevent food pollution.
• A.highly
B.reasonably
• C.strongly
D.naturally
• 【解析】 A highly表示程度“非常,极度”。
• 4.
In that case, there is nothing you
can do __________ than wait.
• A.more B.other C.better D.any
• 【解析】 B “nothing…other than wait”
只好等待。
• 5.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] I have seldom seen
my mother _______ pleased with my
progress as she is now.
•
A.so B.very C.too D.rather
• 【解析】 A 易混副词用法辨析。
as…as…句型在否定句中可以替换为
so…as…如本句。
• 6.[2010·福建卷] —Volunteering is
becoming popular in China.
•
—Yeah,people are now aware that
helping others is helping themselves.
•
A.naturally
B.successfully
•
C.splendidly
D.increasingly
• 【解析】 D 考查副词辨析。根据第一句
句意:志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎,
可知D项正确。
• 7.[2010·湖北卷] I wasn't blaming anyone;
I __________ said errors like this could be
avoided.
•
A.merely B.mostly C.rarely
D.nearly
• 【解析】 A 考查副词词义辨析。句意为:
我没有责备任何人,我仅仅是说像这样的
错误是可以避免的。这里表示“仅仅,只
有”,所以用merely。
• 8.After watching the movie Avatar, Mary
lay in bed with her eyes ________ open
while all her family were ________ asleep.
•
A.widely; soundly B.wider; soundly
•
C.widely; sound D.wide; sound
•
【解析】 D 表示眼睛睁得大、嘴张得
大等时,要用wide修饰open;表示“酣睡”
时,常用be sound/fast/deep asleep来表达。
• 9.Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt
whether anyone in the class has
__________ IQ.
• A.a high
B.a higher
• C.the higher D.the highest
• 【解析】 B 考查形容词比较级的用法。根
据题干内容可知,这里是将Boris的智商与
班级里其他同学的智商进行比较,因此应
该用比较级,排除A、D两项;另外,这里
是表泛指,因此用不定冠词,故B项正确。
• 10.—How was your recent visit to
Qingdao?
• —It was great. We visited some friends,
and spent the ____________________
days at the seaside.
• A.few last sunny
B.last few sunny
• C.last sunny few
D.few sunny last
• 【答案】 B
• 11.Everyone was on time for the meeting
__________ Mike, who's usually ten
minutes late for everything.
•
A.even B.only C.but D.yet
• 【解析】 A 本题考查副词。句意为:每个
人都按时到会,甚至连那个通常什么时候
都会迟到十分钟的麦克也按时到会了。选A。
• 12.People go out with masks,
____________________.
•
A.fear of the sandstorm
•
B.afraid of the sandstorm
•
C.feared of the sandstorm
•
D.being afraid of the sandstorm
•
【解析】 B 考查形容词短语作状语的
用法。句意为: 人们因害怕沙尘暴,外出
时都戴着口罩。
• 13.Mrs. White bought a __________
wallet for her husband.
• A.black leather small
• B.small leather black
• C.black small leather
• D.small black leather
• 【解析】 D 考查名词前多个形容词的排
列顺序。其排列顺序为:大小形状、颜色、
出处、材料、用途。选D。
• 14.—Let me help you, Tom!
•
—Thank you. I can do it. Here's
__________ to hold all these things.
• A.a case big enough
• B.an enough big case
• C.a case enough big
• D.a big case enough
•
【答案】 A
• 15.The economic impact study was
conducted by a group of selected MBA
students at the University of Kansas.
•
A.especially
B.specially
•
C.regularly
D.potentially
• 【解析】 B 考查副词辨析。句意为:经济
影响调查是由几个来自堪萨斯州大学的、
特别挑选的硕士研究生进行的。especially
尤其是;regularly有规律地;potentially潜
在地。specially特别地,符合题意。
•专题五 正反解读介词
考点荟萃
•
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。
使用频率相当高,用法多而杂,一个介词
可能有多种不同的用法;一个相近的意思
又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的
备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法;
弄清楚易混介词的用法异同;能够根据具
体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介
词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是介
词考查的主要方向。
正面解读
• 一、介词的分类与语法功能
介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与
名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短
语等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。
• 介词分为:简单介词,如at,in,for等;
合成介词,如within,inside,onto,
throughout等;短语介词,如according to,
out of,by means of,in spite of,instead
of等; 双重介词,如from behind /above
/under,until after等; 分词介词,如
considering,including,judging (from/by)
等。
• 二、介词的意义
• 1.表示时间的介词
• (1) in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时
候”,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等
时间名词的前面,或用来泛指一天的某一段
时间。in也可以指“在……之后”,表示从
说话起的若干时间内。如:
•
in July/summer/2000/ancient times
•
The bus will be here in ten minutes.
• (2) on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于
带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如:
on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on
the morning of August 1st
• (3)at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示
不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如:
•
at six o'clock, at Easter
• (4)over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全
部时间”。如:Stay over the Christmas.
• (5)for与since:for表示动作或状态延续的
全部时间长度;since用于指从过去特定的
某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有
since时间短语的句子要用完成时,但含有
for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如:
• I have been there for six years.
• We have not seen each other since 1993.
• (6) during指“在……时期/时间内”,必须
接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如:
• She was ill for a week, and during that
week she ate little.
• 2.表示地点的介词
• (1) above, below,over, under,on, on top
of, beneath, underneath: above和below分
别表示“高于”和“低于”的意思,不一
定指垂直方向上的上下;over和under分别
表示垂直方向上的上下或高低;on/on top
of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接
触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反
义词。如:
•
The temple stands on top of the hill.
•
The pen is beneath the book.
•
There is a lamp on the desk.
• (2) at, on, in:at指小地点或集会场合;on
表示线或面上的位置;in表示在立体、区域
或环境内,特别是那些较大,能够容纳相
应事物的环境。如:
•
He works at Peking University.
•
Your radio is on the desk.
•
He's sitting in the sun.
• (3) between与among:between用来说明
“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人或事
物中的每两者之间的相互关系”;among
用来说明“在……三者以上之间”的相互
关系;among可以用来表示没有确定数目
的物体之间的相互关系。如:
• There is a small river between the two
villages.
• The book is the best among these modern
novels.
• The relations between various countries
are very important.
• 3.表示原因的介词。
• (1) for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原
因。如:
•
They will reward you for your help.
• (2) from和out of常常表示动机或原因;
through表示消极或间接的原因。如:
•
He feels weak from lack of sleep.
•
He broke down through overwork.
• 4.表示目的的介词
•
for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定
的接收人或目的,for跟在含有出发或开始意
义的动词后,如:leave, set out, start,
depart, sail等;to表示实际的接收人或目的,
to跟在含有方向性的动词后,如:go, come,
run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。如:
•
We have left for Hong Kong.
•
He flew to America via Hong Kong.
• 5.表示“关于……”的介词
•
一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式
的文体;on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中;
of用于动词talk, read, know, hear等的后面。
如:
•
What are you talking about?
•
in terms of natural resources
• 6.表示原料的介词
•
of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材
料的性质;from表示制成品已失去了原材料
的性质。如:
•
•
His house was built of brick.
•
He made these toys out of old cigarboxes.
•
Steel is made from iron.
• 7.表示价格的介词
•
at和for都可表示价格,at仅表示价格;for还表
示“交换”。如:
•
Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.
•
I bought it for five pounds.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
三、常见的介词搭配
1.“介词+ 名词”型
(1)in + 名词
in advance 在前头,事先,预先
in case
如果,万一
in charge 主管,掌管,看管
in common
共有,共同,公有
in demand 有需要的
in doubt
感到疑惑的,难以确定的
in effect
实际上,生效
in fact
事实上
• in order
按序,井然有序,情况良好;
恰当
• in progress 进行中
• in return
作为回报
• in turn
依次,替换地;相应地,转而
• in vain
徒劳
• (2)on+ 名词
• on guard 在值勤 on leave 在休假
• on holiday 在度假 on strike
罢工
• on sale
出售 on loan
借贷
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
on+the+名词
on the move 在移动,搬迁;离开
on the march 在行军
on the flow
在涨潮
on the increase 正在增加
on the go
正在活动,正在奔走
on the air
正在广播
on the fly
正在飞行
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(3)beyond +名词
beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的
beyond praise
夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach 够不着
beyond description 难以形容
beyond words
无法用语言形容
beyond doubt
无疑
beyond one's understanding
无法理解
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(4)under + 名词
under development 在发展中
under observation
在观察中
under test
在测试中
under construction
在建设中
under examination
在检查(调查)中
under consideration 在考虑中
under repair
在修理中
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(5)at + 名词
at length 详细地,长时间
at sea
茫然
at will
任意地
at work
在上班
at lunch
在吃午饭
at rest
在休息
at table
在吃饭
at school 上学
at church 做礼拜
at peace 处于和平状态
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(6)out of + 名词
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of balance 失去平衡
out of date
过时
out of patience 不耐烦
out of control 失去控制
out of business 破产
out of style
过时,不时髦
out of the ordinary
不寻常的
out of touch
失去联系
• 2.复杂介词型
• (1)表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于,
因为”。
•
because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强
的因果关系);
•
on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和
事实因素。
• (2) 表示“除……之外”。
• with the exception of= except, except
for“除……之外”;
•
•
apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是
个复合介词,既可表示“除……之外”,相当
于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外,(还,
也)”,相当于besides;
•
in addition to“除……之外(还,也)”,相当
于besides。
• (3) 表示“有关,关于”。
•
concerning=regarding“关于,就……而论,
在……方面”;
•
with respect to“关于,就……而言”;
•
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
• (4) 表示“在……之前”。
•
ahead of=in advance of,可表示“(在空
间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早”,
还可表示“领先,优于”;
•
in front of 多指空间的前后关系,“在……
前方”。
• (5) 表示“支持,赞成”。
•
in support of 维护,支持,支援;
•
in favor of 可指某人“支持,赞成”,也
可指事物“有利于……”。
• (6) 表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”。
•
in the light of 按照,考虑到
•
in terms of 就……而言,谈到
•
according to 根据;按照
•
in view of 鉴于,因为
• (7) 表示“尽管”。
•
in spite of 尽管,不管
•3.“形容词+介词”型
•at前的adj.:angry, good, bad, surprised,
excited, puzzled等。
•of前的adj.:afraid, sure, certain, full, tired,
fond, proud, worthy等。
•with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful,
popular, patient等。
•in前的adj.:strict, weak, interested, successful,
rich等。
•to前的adj.:polite, kind, cruel, rude, close,
available等。
•for前的adj.:sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager,
anxious,(be) hungry/thirsty等。
•from前的adj.:far, different, free, safe等。
•about前的adj.:worried, anxious, careful,
curious等。
专题五 │ 正面解读
• 4.
“名词+介词”型
thekey/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…
to;
• wish/desire/prize/respect…for;
• pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impre
ssion/influence…on
反面解读
• 1.【误】 Sometimes our opinions differ
because what we choose to observe and
how we deal with what we've observed.
• 【正】 Sometimes our opinions differ
because of what we choose to observe
and how we deal with what we've
observed.
• 【解析】 because是连词,其后接句子;
而because of是短语介词,其后接名词、代
词、动名词或名词性从句等。
• 2.【误】 —How long have you been an
actor?
• — In 1995, when I graduated from college.
• 【正】 —How long have you been an actor?
• — Since 1995, when I graduated from
college.
• 【解析】 结合问句的语境,只有since能回
答问句所提出的问题。
• 3.【误】 In those days, we had no
phones, so we had to keep in touch with
writing often.
• 【正】 In those days, we had no phones,
so we had to keep in touch by writing often.
•
【解析】by在这里表示方式,by writing
意为“通过写信”。
实战演练
• 1.
The fashion show was
____________ being a failure. It was a
success.
•
A.far from
B.along with
•
C.next to
D.in case
• 【解析】 A far from远非……。along with
与……一道(又), 连同……一起, 随同……
一起; next to次于,紧挨着;in case如果,
万一。
• 2.
It saves time in the dining room to
have things you use a lot _________ easy
reach.
•
A.near B.upon C.within
D.around
•
【解析】 C 考查固定用法:within easy
reach在容易够到……的地方;在……的附近。
句意为:在餐厅里把常用到的东西放到容易
够到的地方会节省很多时间。
• 3.
[2009·福建卷] —How amazing it is
that astronauts are exploring outer space!
• — It's a challenge, I guess,
man
against nature.
•
A.of B.for C.by D.about
•
【解析】 A 考查介词辨析。答句中的I
guess是插入语,因此所填介词与challenge
连用,构成a challenge of结构。
• 4.[2009·全国卷Ⅰ] Everybody was
touched ______ words after they heard
her moving story.
•
A.beyond B.without C.of D.in
• 【解析】 A 句意为:听到她感人的故事后,
人人都感动得难于言表。beyond超出;越
过。
• 5.
[2009·重庆卷] Try on this red skirt;
you will look great ____ it.
•
A.on B.by C.in D.for
•
【解析】 C 考查介词的用法。sth. be
on sb.衣服穿在某人身上;sb. be (look) in
sth.某人穿着什么衣服。由此可知答案为C。
• 6. [2009·陕西卷] He invited me to a
dance after the show _____ Christmas
Eve.
•
A.at B.on C.in D.by
•
【答案】 B
• 7.Modern equipment and no smoking
are two of the things I like _________
working here.
•
A.with B.over C.at D.about
• 【解析】 D 句意为:关于在这里工作,
我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸
烟。about“有关,关于”,符合题意。
• 8.
If you really have to leave during
the meeting, you'd better leave _______
the back door.
•
A.for B.by C.across D.out
•
【解析】 B 句意为:如果你确实要在
会议期间离开,那么你最好从后门离开。
“从后门”用by the back door。for表示原
因;across意为“穿过,横穿”;out意为
“在外面”,三者均不符合句意。
• 9.
Alice entered silently and sank
____ a chair.
•
A.on B.off C.into D.to
•
【解析】 C 句意为:爱丽斯默默地进
来,坐在了椅子上。sink into a chair颓然坐
在椅子上。
• 10.—When did you last hear _____ Jay?
•
—He phoned me this morning,and we
agreed _____ a time and place to meet.
•
A.of;to
B.about;with
•
C.from;with
D.from;on
•
【解析】 D hear about/of听到有
关……,听说;hear from收到……的来信,
得知某人的消息;agree on sth.在……方面
取得一致意见;agree to do sth.同意做某事;
agree to sth.同意(计划、安排、方案等);
agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)。
• 11.[2010·四川卷] Tired,Jim was fast
asleep with his back ______ a big tree.
•
A.in B.below C.beside
D.against
• 【解析】 D 考查介词词义辨析。背靠着
树睡着了,against表示“倚,靠”。
• 12.[2010·江西卷] Nowadays some
hospitals refer to patients _____ name,
not case number.
•
A.of B.as C.by D.with
• 【解析】 C 考查介词惯用法。by name按
名字叫。句意为:现在一些医院提到病人
叫名字而不是病例号。
• 13.If you do not use your English _______
the classroom you will forget that English
you know.
•
A.within B.beyond C.in D.over
•
【解析】 B within等于in都表示“在……
里面”; over指“在……上面”;beyond表
示位置,意为“在……之外”。根据句意
“走出教室你如果不用英语的话,……”可知
答案为B。
• 14.[2010·北京卷] Would you mind not
picking the flowers in the garden?They are
_____ everyone's enjoyment.
•
A.in B.at C.for D.to
•
【解析】 C 本题考查介词。根据句子意
思“这些花是让每个人欣赏的”,可知用for
表示目的。
• 15. _______ all kinds of difficulties, the
workers have made rapid progress in the
construction of the World Expo 2010 in
Shanghai.
•
A.With B.For C.Under
D.Beyond
•
【解析】 A 本题考查介词。句意为:
尽管有很多困难,工人们在上海的世博会
建筑中取得了很大的进展。with尽管,虽然。
•专题六 正反解读动词和动词
短语
专题六 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及
动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此
在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含
义及引申义进行归纳总结;突出对其在具
体的语境中意义选择的把握。
专题六 │ 正面解读
正面解读
• 一、常考的十类动词及词组
• 1.
连系动词
•
特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动
词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其
所表示的意义可分为以下四种:
• (1)
变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,
如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come
等。
专题六 │ 正面解读
• (3) 状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep,
remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。
• (4) 外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如
appear, seem, look等。
• 2.
感官动词和使役动词
•
常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice,
observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动
词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形
式作补足语,表达不同的含义。
•
常考的使役动词有make, have, keep等。
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
He looked around and caught a man
__________ his hand into the pocket of a
passenger.
•
A.put B.to be putting C.to put
D.putting
•
【解析】 D catch sb doing sth“发现、
发觉某人做某事”,doing sth为现在分词
短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语
补足语的动词还有:feel, hear, have, get,
see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep,
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 3.
不用被动语态的动词及动词短语
•
英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式
表达被动含义。
• (1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示
主语的某种属性特征,不用被动。
•
这类动词有:sell, wash, write, last,
read, wear等。如:
•
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts
long.
专题六 │ 正面解读
• (2)
某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,
其主动形式表示被动意义。
•
这类动词有:open(打开,营业),
close(关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),
weigh(重),act(上演)等。如:
•
This shop opens much earlier than it
used to.
•
这家商店比过去开门更早了。
•
Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头
重达两吨。
专题六 │ 正面解读
• (3)
某些不及物动词及词组,本身表被
动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。
•
这类动词及词组有:happen, occur,
cost,come out(出版),turn up(被找到),
come into being(产生),come to one's
mind(想起),come into use(开始使用),
turn out(证明是),come about(发生),
break out(爆发),belong to(属于),come
up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to
blame(受责备)等。如:
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
The first textbooks written for teaching
English as a foreign language came out in
the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外
语教材出版于18世纪。
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
他突然想到一个主意。
Who is to blame for breaking the vase?
打碎花瓶应由谁负责?
The problem finally came up at the
meeting.
专题六 │ 正面解读
• (4) “主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”句式
中。
•
当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语
又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式
要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一
结构的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult,
heavy, fit, expensive等。如:
•
The physics problem is easy to work
out.
•
这道物理题很容易算出来。
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 4.
接动名词作宾语的动词或词组
•
常见的有:avoid, can't help, can't stand,
consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up,
imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off,
resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate,
deny, forbid等。如:
•
The bird was lucky to escape being
caught.
•
这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。
•
He is always practicing playing the
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 5.
接不定式作宾语的动词
•
常见的有:afford, agree, aim, arrange,
ask, choose, decide, demand, determine,
expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer,
pretend, promise, refuse,want等。如:
•
He can't afford to buy such an
expensive car.
•
他买不起这么贵的车。
•
Tom managed to cut down dozens of
trees.
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 6.
表示 “需要”意义的动词
•
这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式
的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动含义。它
们是:need, want, require等。如:Your
sick mother needs looking after.=Your sick
mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母
亲需要照顾。
• 7.
接虚拟语气的动词
•
有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要
求等)”时,其后的宾语从句用should加动词
原形,其中should常可省略。它们是:order,
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
Our teacher requires this be done in no
time.
我们老师要求这个立刻完成。
8.
表示“计划未能实现”的动词
此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或
用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,
表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是:intend,
mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want,
suppose等。如:
I had meant to tell you about it
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 9.现在表将来类
•
这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进
行时表将来。它们是:come, go, leave,
start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay,
take off等。如:
•
Your plane takes off at a quarter past
two in the afternoon.
•
你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。
• 10.带介词to的动词短语
•
带介词to的动词短语有:be (get) used to,
lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to,
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语
• 1.
以break为中心
•
break away from
脱
离,逃离
•
break down
出故障,
崩溃,粉碎,瓦解
•
break in 闯进,打断
•
break into
闯入;强
行进入
•
break out 爆发,发生
•
break off 打断,断绝,
折断; 突然终止
•
break through 突破;克
服
•
break up 破碎;解散,
分解;结束
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 2.
以bring为中心
•
bring about 导致,引起,
促使
•
bring back 带回,使回忆,
使恢复
•
bring down 使下降,打垮,
击落
•
bring forward
提出;提
前
•
bring in
把……带进来;
引进;挣得(收入)
•
bring on
导致,引起,
使发展
•
bring out
使显现;出版
•
bring up
抚养,养育,
培养
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 3.
以call为中心
•
call at
访问(某地);停泊
在
•
call away 叫走;把(注意力)
转移开
•
call for
需要,要求;接(某
人),迎
•
call in
召集,收集;下令
收回
•
call off
取消,下令停止
•
call on
要求,恭请;号召;
拜访(某人)
•
call out
下令罢工;召唤出
动
•
call up
打电话给……;召
集;使想起
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 4.
以carry为中心
•
carry away
冲走,带走;
冲昏某人头脑
•
carry back
拿回,运回;
使想起
•
carry off 成功地对付;获得
(奖品)
•
carry on 坚持,继续,进行
•
carry out
贯彻,执行,
实施
•
carry through
坚持到底,
进行到底;履行(承诺)
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 5.
以come为中心
•
come about
发生
•
come across 偶尔发现;
偶然遇到
•
come back
回来;恢
复,复原
•
come off (头发、牙齿、
纽扣)脱落,离开
•
come on 上演;开始;
赶快;发展
•
come out 出来;发芽;
出版;结果是;说出
•
come over
访问;突
然感到
•
come round/around 苏
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
when it comes to…
就……而论,谈到
come to life
苏醒
come to light 明朗化,
•
•
出现,显露出来
•
come to oneself
恢
复常态
•
come true
实现,成
为现实
•
come up 走近;发生;
发芽;(问题)被提出
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 6.
•
•
缩短
•
阻碍,阻挡
•
裁下;删去
•
路等)
•
使悲伤
以cut为中心
cut away 切去,砍掉
cut down 砍倒,削减,
cut off
切断,中断;
cut out
切下,剪下,
cut through
cut up
开辟(出
切碎,切掉;
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 7.
•
•
落在后面
•
•
上……
•
•
•
以fall为中心
fall back
撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,
fall down 不够好
fall in love with…
fall into
fall off
fall over
爱
陷入;养成
衰退,减少
被……绊倒
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 8.
以get为中心
•
get about 徘徊,走动;流传
•
get across
使被理解
•
get along 前进,进步;离去,
相处
•
get around
走动;传播
•
get away 离开,逃脱
•
get back 取回,回来;报复
•
get down to
认真对待,静
下心来
•
get out of 由……出来,
从……得出;避免;放弃
•
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
克服;完成
摆脱
get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;
get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,
get through
拨通;到达;
完成;通过;及格
get up 起床,起立;忙于,
从事
9.
以give为中心
give away
赠送;失去;
泄露
give back
归还;使恢复
give in
屈服,让步,投降
give off 发出(烟、气味)
give out 分发;公布;发出;
用完,耗尽
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 10.
以go为中心
•
go about
开始做某事;
忙于某事
•
go across
度过,越过
•
go after 追逐,追求,跟随
•
go against
反对,不利于
•
go ahead
前进,进展,
继续
•
go along with…
陪伴,
和……一道走
•
go away 离开,走掉
•
go by
经过,过去
•
go for
支持,赞成;适用
于,去(取、拿)
•
go off
走开;爆炸
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
go on 继续,接下去
go out 出去;熄灭;送出;
播出
•
•
•
go over
温习,检查
go round
拜访;参观
go through 审查,履行;
通过;经历,忍受
•
go too far
走得太远,做/
说得太过火
•
go up 上升,上涨;攀登
•
go without 没有……也行
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 11.
以hold为中心
•
hold back 隐瞒;阻止;克制
•
hold down
压制;压低
•
hold on
坚持;等一等,别
挂断
•
hold on to
抓住不放;不
卖
•
hold out 伸出;提供机会
•
hold up
举起,竖起;支持
住;延误,使耽搁
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 12.
以keep为中心
•
keep away (from)
不
接近,避开,远离
•
keep back 阻止,扣留,
隐瞒
•
keep in mind
记住
•
keep off
不接近,
远离;避免吃(或喝、吸)某物
•
keep out 使……不入内;
不卷入
•
keep pace with…
跟
上,同……步调一致
•
keep to
坚持;固守,
遵守
•
keep up
继续;(天气)
持续不变;保持,维持
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 13.
以lay为中心
•
lay aside 把……放在一边;
留存备用
•
lay down 放下;规定
•
lay off (暂时)解雇;停止
•
lay out
铺开,展开
• 14.
以leave为中心
•
leave behind
留下,忘记携
带; 超过;永久离开
•
leave out 省去,遗漏,不
把……计算在内
•
leave off
停止;中断
•
leave over 留下,剩下
•
leave alone
不干涉,不打
扰
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 15.
•
看
•
•
•
•
顾
•
期望
•
视;轻视
•
待
•
以look为中心
look about 四下环顾;查
look after 照顾,看管
look around
东张西望
look back 回顾,回头看
look back on/upon
回
look for
寻找;期待,
look down on/upon
look forward to
look into
俯
盼望,期
窥视;调查;
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
心,提防
look out
向外看;注意;当
look out for 当心,寻找,搜寻
look through
透过……看去;
看穿;浏览
look up
查阅;仰视
look up to 仰慕,尊敬
16.
以pick为中心
pick off 去除;选择(目标)射击
pick out
精心挑出,辨别出
pick up
接(某人),搭载;
捡起;学会;(偶然)得到
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 17.以pull为中心
•
pull apart
拉开,分开
•
pull away
开动
•
pull down 拉下,拉倒;拆毁;使(价格)
下降;使扫兴
•
pull in
(车船)抵达
•
pull off
短暂停车;获得成功
•
pull out
驶出,离开
•
pull through
克服困难;恢复
•
pull up
停止;训斥
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 18.
以put为中心
•
put aside 把……放在一边;
搁置;积蓄,攒钱
•
put away 把……放好,
把……收拾;储藏
•
put back 把……放回原处
•
put down 放下;镇压;记下
•
put an end to 结束,终止,
废除
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
put one's heart into 全
神贯注,专心致志
put out
熄灭,伸出,
拿出
put through
完成;
(电话用语)拨通;使穿过
put up
举起,挂起;
提名,推荐;安排住宿
put up with
忍受,容
忍
19.
以send为中心
send away 解雇;赶走,
把……送往远处
send for
派人去叫(请、
拿)
send off
发出,寄出;
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 20.
•
手,开始
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
边;暂不考虑
费
登记,记载
引起
着手做某事
以set为中心
set about (doing)
着
set an example to sb.
给某人树立榜样
set aside 留出;放在一
set back
使推迟;使花
set down 放下,卸下;
set free
释放(某人)
set off 出发;使爆炸;
set out
出发;发表;
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 21.
以take为中心
•
take after
与……相似
•
take away
去;消除
•
take back
消
•
take care of
意;照顾;提防;谨慎
仿效,
拿走,减
收回,取
当心,注
专题六 │ 正面解读
•
take off
脱去,除去;
起飞,起程
•
take on 呈现;雇佣;承担,
担任
•
•
take one's place 代替
take out
拿出,取出;
去除
•
take over
接管,接任;
take part in
take place
参与,参加
发生;举行
占上风
•
•
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 22.
以think为中心
•
think about 考
虑
•
think
highly/well/much/a lot of
对……评价很
高
•
think
little/ill/nothing of
轻视,看不起
•
think of …as…
把……看作
•
think out
仔
细考虑,想通
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 23.
以throw为中心
•
throw at
把……投向
•
throw away
丢弃,浪
费;错失(机会)
•
throw oneself into
投
身于,积极从事
•
throw out 逐出;否决;
散发
•
throw up 呕吐;使显眼;
匆匆建造
专题六 │ 正面解读
• 24.
以turn为中心
•
turn away 把……打发走,
转脸不理睬
•
turn down 调小;驳回,
拒绝考虑
•
turn off
关上;拐弯;
使厌烦
•
turn on
打开;依靠,
取决于;突然攻击
专题六 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
【误】 He is listening the teacher
carefully.
•
【正】 He is listening carefully.
•
【正】 He is listening to the teacher
carefully.
•
【解析】学习实义动词,一定要分清楚
这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词,
然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动
专题六 │ 反面解读
• 2.
【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible.
•
【正】 The mixture tastes terrible.
•
【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形
容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get,
become, grow等)外,系动词不用于进行时态
和被动结构。
专题六 │ 反面解读
• 3.
After studying in a medical college
for five years, Jane ________ her job as a
doctor in the countryside.
•
A.set out B.took over C.took up
D.set up
•
【误】 B
•
【正】 C
•
【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不
全面,不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外,
还可以表示“开始从事……”。句意:简在医
学院学了五年后,在乡村从事医生工作。set
专题六 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] The workers
__________ the glasses and marked on
each box “This Side Up”.
•
A.carried B.delivered C.pressed
D.packed
•
【解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。句意
为:工人们把眼镜打包,然后在每个箱子
上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2010·辽宁卷] The new movie
____________ to be one of the biggest
moneymakers of all time.
•
A.promises B.agrees C.pretends
D.declines
•
【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。
promise除了表示“允诺,答应”外,还有
“有……的希望”的意思;agree意为“同
意,赞同”;pretend意为“假装”;
decline意为“减少,衰退”。只有promise
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 3.
What the young man can't
________ is that his mum always treats him
like a baby.
•
A.support B.undertake C.hold
D.bear
•
【解析】 D 考查动词辨析。A意为“支
持”;B意为“承担,担任,着手做”;C意
为“握住,容纳”;D意为“容忍,忍受”。
句意为:这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲
总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应
选D。
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 5. The film Avatar will be on tonight but it's
at 1:30 am. I don't want to ________ that
late.
•
A.stay up B.show off C.put up
D.get off
•
【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。stay
up熬夜;show off炫耀,卖弄;put up举起,
建起,张贴;get off下车,出发,脱掉。根
据题干意思选A。
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 6.
—How are you managing to do
your business without a secretary?
•
—Well, I ________ somehow.
•
A.get along B.care about
C.watch out D.set off
•
【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。get
along(勉强)生活,工作下去;care about关
注;watch out小心;set off出发。
• 7.
I've ________ my umbrella in the
office and I'll have to fetch it.
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 8.
Don't let yourself be ________
into doing anything you don't want to do.
•
A.told B.made C.talked
D.asked
•
【答案】 C
• 9.
The designs of the few tools
should be __________ carefully, so that
we can pick out the one that best suits our
job.
•
A.tried
B.examined
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 10.He can't be at home now, for I saw
him ___________ in the gym just now.
•
A.giving out
B.working out
•
C.carrying out
D.bringing out
•
【解析】 B 本题考查短语辨析。give
out用完,分发;work out解决,锻炼;
carry out实现,执行;bring out出版,生产。
句意为:他现在不可能在家,刚才我还看
到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 11.—So Helen, are we going for that
Chinese meal you promised me?
•
—Well,I kind of forgot to ________,
so we'll have to do French.
•
A.consult B.order C.reserve
D.confirm
•
【解析】 C 由答语的“so we'll have
to do French”可以看出,这次吃不上上次承
诺给对方的中国饭菜了,只有“我”忘了
预定(reserve)可以讲得通。consult商讨,
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 12.One primary goal of UNESCO is to
____________ modern knowledge
societies in which all people can
participate in information and knowledge.
•
A.make up
B.polish up
•
C.build up
D.take up
•
【解析】 C 考查动词短语辨析。build
up建立;take up从事;polish up改善,润
色;make up弥补,虚构,整理,和解,化
妆。句意为:建立现代化的知识社会,让
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 13.It's extremely dangerous for the
drivers to ________
speed as the
traffic lights are changing.
•
A.pull up B.put up C.rise up
D.pick up
•
【解析】 D 考查动词短语辨析。句意
为:对于司机来说在红绿灯变换时,加速
是非常危险的。pull up停下来;put up建造,
举起,提供……住宿;rise up起义,上升,
为不及物动词词组。pick up“加速”,符合
专题六 │ 实战演练
• 14.His guilty expression ________ my
suspicion.
•
A.considered
B.committed
•
C.confirmed
D.convinced
•
【解析】 C confirm证实,确认。句意
为:他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
consider认为;考虑;commit犯罪;做……
承诺;convince说服,使信服。
• 15.We complained to the travel agency
about the horrible service during our trip,
but no one has ________ by now.
•专题七
解读非谓语动词
专题七 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
• 从近几年的高考试题来看,非谓语动词考
查特征呈现情景和设问角度的多样化趋势。
具体考点如下:
• 现在分词与过去分词的区别;done, being
done, to be done的区别;不定式与分词作状
语的区别;不定式的时态及疑问词+不定式
形式;谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分;非谓
语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结
构的使用。
专题七 │ 正面解读
正面解读
• 一、动词不定式
• 1.动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态
被动
和语态意义 主动
to do
to be done
一般式
to be doing
/
进行式
to have done to have been
完成式
done
to have been /
完成进行式
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
如:
He seems to know this.
It is important to read English every day.
The bridge to be built next year is very
long.
•
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so
long.
•
His new novel is said to have been
published.
•
She happened to be writing a letter
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 2.不定式的句法功能
•
除了谓语外,不定式可以担当句子的任
何成分。
•
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(作主语
和表语)
•
You should continue to learn as long as
you live.
•
要活到老学到老。(作宾语)
•
She usually has a lot of meetings to
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 3.
学习动词不定式应注意的几个问题
• (1) 用不定式作宾语的词语。
•
下列词语常用不定式作宾语:afford,
promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,
offer,wish,want,fail,plan,agree,
prefer,decide,manage,arrange,
determine,desire等。
•
下列动词后可接“疑问词+不定式”:
teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,
forget,ask,advise,discuss等。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (2) 理解和使用不定式作宾补。
• ① see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,
observe,feel,make,let,have等的宾补
用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定
式就是主语补足语。
• ② 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况:
•
主语+
ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+
sb. to do sth.
•
主语+
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (3) 不定式作定语的特殊用法。
• ①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance,
wish,right,courage,need,promise,
time,opportunity,way,the first,the
second,the last,the only等。如:
•
He had a good way to make his
lessons lively and interesting.
•
Who was the first one to get to the top
of the hill yesterday?
• ② 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上
专题七 │ 正面解读
• ③ 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾
关系。如:
•
I have a lot of work to do.
•
如果不定式是不及物动词,后面应有必
要的介词。如:
•
He is looking for a room to live in.
•
但如果及物动词后已有了自己的宾语,
其后还应加适当的介词。
•
Here is a box to put things in.
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you
have anything to be taken to your
friends?……你有什么要(我)带给你的朋友
们吗?(被我带而不是你带)
• (4) 不定式作状语的用法。
•
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示
目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意
料的结果。如:
•
We hurried to the classroom only to
find none there.
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
The girl was so kind as to help the old
man off the bus.
I'm not such a fool as to believe that.
不定式还可以作修饰表语形容词或补语
形容词的状语。如:
He is hard to please / to get along with.
Do you think him easy to work with?
注意:此时不定式用主动,而不需用被
动。而且不及物动词后的介词不能遗漏。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (5) 不定式的完成式的特殊用法。
• ① 表示不定式中动词发生的动作先于主句
的谓语动词发出的动作。如:
•
The novel was said to have been
published.
•
I regret to have been with you for so
many years.
• seem,appear,be said,be supposed,
be believed,be thought,be known,be
reported等常用于上面句型。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• ② 不定式的完成式还可表示“过去本想做
某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
• (A)would like/would love + 不定式的完成
式。
• (B)was/were + 不定式的完成式,表示该
做某事或想做但未实现。
• (C)
expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/thi
nk/want/wish + 不定式的完成式,表示过
去未曾实现的愿望。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (6)
不定式的省略。
• ① 两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时,
省略后面的不定式中的to。如:
•
I want to finish my homework and go
home.
•
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
•
特例:To be or not to be,this is a
question.
•
He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示对
比)
• ②
句中含有动词do时,but,except,
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (7) 不定式的替代。
•
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了
避免重复,作宾语或补语的不定式再次出现时,
to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如
果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任
何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。如:
•
Susan is not what she used to be.
•
I'd like /love /be happy to.
• — You came late this morning. You ought to
have finished your homework.
• — I know I ought to have.
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 二、动名词
•
动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一
般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式之分,在
句中可以作主语、宾 语、表语和定语。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 1.动名词的基本构成和意义
时态与 意义
例句
语态
表示动作与 Would you mind my
the window?
一般式 谓语动词同
时或稍后发 opening
你介意我打开窗户吗?
生
remembered having
表示动作先 Ibeen
to Beijing
完成式 于谓语动词 three taken
times. 我记得自己
发生
被带到北京三次。
They were praised for
having
finished
the
逻辑主语是
主动语 动名词动作 work ahead of time. 他
态
的执行者
们因提前完成工作而受
到表扬。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 2. 动名词的句法功能
• (1) 作主语
•
动名词作主语表示抽象的概念,通常直接
置于句首,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词
置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:
•
Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真有
趣。
•
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。(谚语)
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (2) 作宾语
• ① 作动词的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的动词
巧记如下:
•
考虑建议盼原谅(consider,
suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse,
pardon)
•
承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off,
fancy)
•
避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep
on, practise)
•
否认完成停止赏(deny, finish, stop,
专题七 │ 正面解读
• ② 作动词短语的宾语。可接动名词作宾语的
动词短语有:
•
think of,depend on,set about,
succeed in,worry about,think about,give
up,put off,burst out,insist on,can't
stand, be/get used to,devote…to,look
forward to,pay attention to,get down to,
object to,feel like,adapt to,dream of等。
• 三、分词
•
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。学习分词
要注意下面两大问题:分词的各种形式及其表
专题七 │ 正面解读
形 时态意
式 义
一
般
现 式
在
分
词 完
成
式
动作正
在进行
或与主
句谓语
动词同
时发生
动作发
生在主
句谓语
动词之
语
态
意
义
主
动
被
动
例句
He stood on the street
begging.
The building being built is a
hospital.
主 Having finished my
动 homework, I went to bed.
Not having received a reply,
he decided to write again.
专题七 │ 正面解读
形 时态意义
式
一
般
式
现
在
分 完
词 成
式
动作正在
进行或与
主句谓语
动词同时
发生
动作发生
在主句谓
语动词之
前
语
态
意
义
主
动
被
动
例句
主
动
Having finished my
homework, I went
to bed.
Not having received a
reply, he decided
He stood on the street
begging.
The building being built is
a hospital.
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
形式
及物
动
过 词的
过
去
分 去分
词
词
少数
不
及物
•
动
时态意 语
义
态
意
义
动作已 主
完成
动
无时态 被
意义
动
例句
动作已 被
完成
动
fallen leaves
the risen sun (对比falling
leaves正在下
落的叶子,the rising sun正
I often heard the song sun
g.
spoken and written English
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 分词的时态意义和语态意义不同于谓语动词
的时态和语态,非谓语的时态意义和语态意义
都是相对而言的。具体地说,非谓语动词的时
态意义是和主句谓语动词相对而言,例如:如
果分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,则
可能用现在分词一般式,如果是在主句谓语动
词之前发生,则可能用现在分词完成式。而语
态意义则和分词的逻辑主语有关,如果分词的
动作与其逻辑主语是主动关系,则用现在分词,
如果与其逻辑主语是被动关系,则可能用现在
分词的被动式,或过去分词。所谓的逻辑主语
即句子中与分词形成逻辑关系的名词或代词。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• 2.
分词的句法功能
• (1) 作定语
•
Mike held a burning stick and Tom carried
a gun. (The stick was burning.)
•
How I regretted the hours wasted in the
woods and fields(=that had been wasted …)!
•
Asia is the largest continent, covering one
third of the earth's land area (=which
covers …).
•
分词短语作定语有时和它所修饰的名词或
代词发生分隔开来的现象。
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (2) 作表语
•
We were excited at the news.
•
His shoes were old and worn.
• (3) 作补语
•
包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。常用于see,
leave, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动
词之后以及with复合结构中。
•
I saw Tom coming out of the house.
•
No tricky words would move him. He kept
his mouth tightly closed.
专题七 │ 正面解读
• (4) 作状语
•
分词作状语常表示时间、原因、条件、方
式、伴随或结果、附加说明等。
•
Reading the letter, I couldn't help thinking
of my school life. (时间状语)
•
Being ill, I didn't go to school yesterday.
(原因状语)
•
Not having done it as he told us to, we
were scolded. (原因状语)
•
Working hard, you will succeed. (条件状语)
•
He came running all the way. (方式状语)
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
He dropped the plate, breaking it into
hundreds of pieces. (结果状语)
If the advertising fails, having no effect on
sales, the whole programme will be reviewed.
(附加说明)
注意:
分词作结果状语往往表示意料中的结果,
而不定式作结果状语则表示意料之外的结果。
试比较:
A terrible storm hit the area, causing great
damage to the crops.
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
分词作状语时有时前面可加有连词。如:
Once, while working on a new invention,
Edison made 8,000 tests without success.
I won't go to his party unless invited.
The beggar waited as if expecting more.
(5) 作插入语的分词独立结构
分词作插入语的结构是固定的,意思上的
主语并不是句子的主语。如:
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of)说到
专题七 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
judging from 从……判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看
来
•
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他
的脸色看,他一定是病了。
•
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster
than pigs. 总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。
(speaking不是dogs的动作)
专题七 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
【误】 We don't allow to smoke in
the lecture hall.
•
【正】 We don't allow smoking in the
lecture hall.
•
【正】 We don't allow people to smoke
in the lecture hall.
•
【解析】 考查固定结构。allow doing
sth.; allow sb. to do
sth.
专题七 │ 反面解读
• 3.
【误】 The question being
discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very
important one.
•
【正】 The question to be discussed at
tomorrow's meeting is a very important
one.
•
【解析】 being discussed表示动作正在
进行,而根据at tomorrow's meeting可判断
动作发生在将来,故用to be discussed表示。
• 4.
【误】 This boy was seen come
专题七 │ 反面解读
• 5.
I've been looking forward to hear
from you.
•
【答案】 hear 改为hearing。
•
【解析】 短语look forward to中,to为
介词,所以应用动名词作宾语。
• 6.
He admitted to have stolen the car.
•
【答案】 to have改为having。
•
【解析】 admit 后面跟动词的ing形式
作宾语。
专题七 │ 反面解读
• 8.
The flowers need being watered.
•
【答案】 being watered改为watering或
者to be watered。
•
【解析】 need, want, require等动词的
主语为物时,后面跟动名词主动形式或接
不定式的被动结构,表示“……需要
被……”。
• 9.
现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或
补语。
• (1) 【误】 I could see the house having
专题七 │ 反面解读
• (2) 【误】 The book having been written
long ago is hard for us to understand today.
•
【正】 The book written long ago is
hard for us to understand today.
• 10.作状语的分词,其逻辑主语必须同句
中主语为同一人或同一事,现在分词与其
逻辑主语有主动关系,而过去分词则与其
逻辑主语有被动关系。
• (1) 【误】 Having found the cause, the
experiment continued.
专题七 │ 反面解读
• (2) 【误】 Seeing from the top of the hill,
the city looks more beautiful.
•
【正】 Seen from the top of the hill, the
city looks more beautiful. (Seen=When
the city is seen)
• 11.非谓语的否定式中,not必须放在非谓
语的最前面。
• (1) 【误】 Having not finished his
homework, he didn't want to go to bed.
•
【正】 Not having finished his
专题七 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
The book mainly deals with the
trouble students might have
_____________ right from wrong.
•
A.distinguishing B.distinguished
•
C.to distinguish D.to be
distinguished
•
【解析】 A 考查固定搭配have trouble
(in) doing sth.,只不过此题中的trouble提
专题七 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 2. ________ of the truth of the reports, he
told his colleagues about it.
•
A.Convinced
B.Convincing
•
C.To convince
D.Having
convinced
•
【解析】 A 动词convince表示
“使……确信”;be convinced of sth.“确
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 3.
—Be careful! Don't forget you are
on a ladder.
•
—But you are holding it for me, nothing
____________ .
•
A.worry about
B.to worry about
•
C.is worried about
D.worrying
about
•
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。“小心
点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但是你扶着
呢,没什么可担心的。”不定式to worry
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 4.
He looked at me, with an
expression ________ that he felt even more
puzzled.
•
A.indicate
B.indicates
•
C.indicating
D.indicated
•
【解析】 C with an expression
indicating…为with复合结构,其中an
expression为逻辑主语,indicate与这个逻辑
主语之间有主动关系,故用现在分词。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 5.Your cousin is said ________ a new
computer programme recently, but do you
know when he will finish it?
• A.to design
B.to be
designing
• C.to have been designing
D.to
have designed
• 【解析】 C 本题考查不定式的用法。句
意为:你的堂兄最近一直在设计一组电脑
程序,你知道他什么时候完成吗?sb be
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 6.
When John came to himself, he
found himself ________ in the hospital,
but he didn't know how that had come
________.
•
A.staying; around
B.lying;
about
•
C.lied; across
D.lying;
into being
•
【解析】 B find himself lying…发现他
自己正躺在……;come about意为“发生,
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 7.
He claimed ________ in the
supermarket when he was doing shopping
yesterday.
•
A.being badly treated
•
B.treating badly
•
C.to be treated badly
•
D.to have been badly treated
•
【答案】 D
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 8.
—Why are the students working
so hard these days?
•
— ________ ready for the coming
entrance examination.
•
A.To get B.Get C.Getting
D.Got
•
【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。联
系语境可知,这些日子学生们努力学习是
为即将到来的考试做准备,动词不定式作
目的状语。故A项正确。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 9.
If water becomes increasingly
scarce in decades ________ ,water
shortage will become a hot issue all over
the world.
•
A.coming B.having come
•
C.to come D.to be coming
•
【解析】 C 本题考查非谓语动词。用
不定式表示将要到来的。句意为:如果在
将来的几十年水资源变得稀少,那么水资
源的缺乏将会成为全球比较热门的一个话
题。
• 10.The party was a success,but we
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 11.Hearing the 2009 World Winter
University Games ________ open,all the
people in the Harbin Sports Center Gym
burst into cheers.
•
A.declare
B.declared
•
C.declaring
D.to be declared
•
【解析】 B 考查过去分词的用法。很
显然选项B和其逻辑主语the 2009 World
Winter University Games是被动关系,选B。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 12.As the light turned green,I stood for
a moment, not ________ and asked
myself what I was going to do.
•
A.moved
B.moving
•
C.to move
D.being moved
•
【解析】 B move的逻辑主语就是句子
的主语,所以用现在分词,not moving 作
伴随状语。如果不注意分析,很容易受并
列的谓语动词stood…and asked干扰而误
选A。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 13.An offer of a reward has caused
many students in our school ________
actively in the competition.
•
A.participate
B.participated
•
C.participating
D.to participate
•
【解析】 D 句意为:比赛有奖,这使
得我校很多学生积极参加了比赛。cause
sb. to do sth. 为固定用法。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 14.The boy the teachers considered
________ was caught ________ in the
exam, which surprised us very much.
•
A.to be the best; cheating
•
B.as the best student; to cheat
•
C.being the best; cheating
•
D.as a good student; to cheat
•
【解析】 A the teachers considered
________作定语,修饰the boy;
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 15.Tourists all over the world come to
visit the Summer Palace in Beijing,
________ the combination of nature and
culture.
•
A.enjoyed
B.having enjoyed
•
C.to have enjoyed
D.enjoying
•
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词的用法。
enjoying 引导的分词短语在句中作伴随状
语。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 16.—Where is Tom?I have something
important to tell him.
•
—I last saw him ________ in the
library reading.
•
A.sit B.seated C.seating D.sat
•
【解析】 B 本题考查非谓语动词。题
干句子空白处用seated作宾语补足语,因
为seat是及物动词和宾语him之间的逻辑关
系是动宾关系。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 17.Something as simple as ________
vegetables in childhood may help to
protect you against serious illness in later
life.
•
A.to eat B.eating C.to be eating
D.eaten
•
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。空格前
的as为介词,其后的动词应用其动名词形
式。句意为:童年时像吃蔬菜这样的简单
事也许会对你后来预防疾病有好处。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 18.Tom woke up late and left home
without breakfast ________ another long
and boring day at school.
•
A.having anticipated
B.anticipated
•
C.being anticipated
D.anticipating
•
【解析】 D 本题考查非谓语动词。句
意为:Tom醒得很迟,没有吃早饭就离开家
了,预期在学校又是漫长、枯燥的一天。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 19.[2010·江苏卷] The retired man
donated most of his savings to the school
damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,
________ the students to return to their
classrooms.
•
A.enabling B.having enabled
•
C.to enable D.to have enabled
•
【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。现
在分词短语作谓语动词donated的结果状语。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 20.[2010·江西卷] There were many
talented actors out there just waiting
________.
•
A.to discover
B.to be
discovered
•
C.discovered
D.being
discovered
•
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词的用法。
waiting to be discovered意为“等待被发
现”。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 21.Mrs. White showed her students some
old maps ________
from the library.
•
A.to borrow
B.to be borrowed
•
C.borrowed
D.borrowing
•
【解析】 C 考查非谓语动词的用法。
borrowed短语作后置定语,表示一个被动的、
已经完成的动作。
• 22.[2010·上海卷] That is the only way we
can imagine ________ the overuse of water
in students' bathrooms.
•
A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 23.[2010·陕西卷] ________ from the top
of the tower,the south foot of the
mountain is a sea of trees.
•
A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen
D.To see
•
【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。句
子的主语和see构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故
用过去分词短语作状语。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 24.[2010·辽宁卷] Alexander tried to get
his work __________ in the medical
circles.
•
A.to recognize
B.recognizing
•
C.recognize
D.recognized
•
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词的用法。
宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系,
所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意为:
亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界得到认
可。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 25. [2010·四川卷] The lawyer listened with
full attention, ________ to miss any point.
•
A.not trying
B.trying not
•
C.to try not
D.not to try
•
【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词的用法。
主语lawyer和try之间是主谓关系,用现在
分词作伴随状语,try not to do sth. 意为
“尽力不做某事”。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 26.[2010·四川卷] In many people's
opinion,that company,though relatively
small,is pleasant _____________.
•
A.to deal with
B.dealing with
•
C.to be dealt with
D.dealt with
•
【解析】 A 考查非谓语动词的用法。
这里用“形容词+动词不定式”结构,动
词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 27.[2010·山东卷] I have a lot of readings
________ before the end of this term.
•
A.completing
B.to
complete
•
C.completed
D.being
completed
•
【解析】 B 根据动词短语have sth. to
do,且本句有时间状语the end of this term,
选B。
专题七 │ 实战演练
• 28.[2010·重庆卷] Many buildings in the
city need repairing,but the one ________
first is the library.
•
A. repaired
B. being repaired
•
C. repairing
D. to be repaired
•
【解析】 D 考查非谓语动词的用法。
这里指“图书馆将是第一批被修复的建筑
物”,to be repaired表示一个将来的、被
动的动作
•专题八 正反解读情态动词和
虚拟语气
专题八 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情
感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也
是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知
识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查
四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;
情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情
感、态度、语气等”;情态动词表示 “必
要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主
要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,
专题八 │ 正面解读
正面解读
• 一、情态动词表推测的用法
专题八 │ 正面解读
情态
动词
must
意义 语气
一定 可能
性最
大
may/ 可能 可能
might(
性较
might
小,
可能
尤其
性小
might
于may)
最不
肯定
can/c 可能
ould
(could
可能
性小
于can)
有时
会
句式
肯定句
语
境
肯定句、
否定句 对
(可能不) 具
体
事
疑问句、 实
否定句 的
(不可
判
能)、
断
(could
有时也
用于肯
定句)
肯定句
例句
备注
①A:
Look,
someone
is coming.
Who can it
be? B: It
may be
our
headmast
er. A: It
can’t be
him. He
has gone
to
Shanghai.
B: It must
be Mr.
Wang. He
looks like
our
headmast
er. ②That
may not
①对
现在
的行
为或
状态
的推
测:
must/
may/
might
/can/c
ould
+do
②对
过去
的行
为或
状态
的推
测:
must/
may/
might
专题八 │ 正面解读
情态
动词
shoul
d
/ought
to
意 语
义 气
应
该,
理
应
句 语
式 境
理
论
上
例句
备注
①It's 8
o'clock now.
He should
be in the
office now.
②Hi, Mum!
I'm on the
bus. I
should be
home in
about ten
minutes.
常表示在
一段时间
内可能发
生的事或
某人的期
望。一般
句末有时
间状语,
或有语境
暗示。所
表示的猜
测发生的
可能性很
大。
专题八 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
注意:should (ought to)表示推测是高考
考查的重点和难点。如:
— When can I come for the photos?I
need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They ________ be ready by 12:00.
A.can B.should C.might
D.need
【解析】 B A项表示推测时常用于否
定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯
定。should意为“按理说,理应”,既回答
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 二、情态动词的其他用法
• 1.can, could, may, might
情态 意义 例句
动词
can/c 能力 ①I can see
ould
some birds
flying in the
sky.
②Could the
girl read
before she
went to
备注
could表示泛指过去的
某一能力。表示过去
有能力并且成功地做
了某事,通常用
was/were able to do,
相当于managed to
do/succeeded in
doing。如:Because
专题八 │ 正面解读
情态
动词
can/c
ould
意义 例句
备注
允许
(有
时可
与
may
互换)
请求
can与could、may与
might不表时态差异,
只是语气上的差别,
could/might比can/may
更委婉。注意在回答
时不能用could/ might。
Can/May I
have a look
at your
photos?
—Can/Could
you lend me
a hand?—
Yes, I can.
专题八 │ 正面解读
情态 意义 例句
动词
may/ 允许 ①You may
might 或请 take this if
you like.
求
②May/Might
I ask for a
photo of your
baby?
备注
can与could、may与
might不表时态差异,
只是语气上的差别,
could/might比can/may
更委婉。注意在回答
时不能用could/ might。
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 2.must, should
情
态
动
词
mu
st
意
义
例句
备注
必
须
①We must help each
other to overcome the
difficulties. ②—Must I
finish the work
today?—No, you
needn't/you don't have
to./Yes, you must. ③
You mustn't take photos
here, and it is forbidden.
①must表示主
观意志,have
to表示客观。
如:They had
to speed up,
for the weather
turned terrible.
②Must I/we…?
的否定回答不
能用mustn't。
偏
要
①Why must you always 表示与说话人
interrupt me?
愿望相反及不
专题八 │ 正面解读
情
态
动
词
sho
uld
意
义
例句
备注
应
该
(常
与
oug
htto
通
用)
竟
然
You should be polite to
the old.
ought to 的否定
式:ought not
to(oughtn't to);
疑问式:
Ought …to…?
It is strange that he
should react in this way.
表示惊讶、意外
等语气。
万
一
①Should anyone phone, 用于if从句中强
tell them I will call back
调“万一”,或
later. (= If anyone
用于虚拟语气。
should phone…)②If I
should go there
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 3. need, dare
情 例句
态
动
词
nee ①I needn't go
d
at once.
②—Need you
go at once?—
Yes,I must.
/No, I needn't.
dar ①He daren't
e
cross the river.
②How dare you
say that to me?
注意事项
①need可以作实义动词,
用于各种句式。如:I need
to go at once.I don't need
to go at once. —Do you
need to go at once?—Yes,
I do.②need作情态动词常
用于否定、疑问或条件句中。
dare和need一样,既可以
作情态动词,也可用作实义
动词。用作情态动词时,主
要用于否定句、疑问句和条
件句。用作实义动词时,可
用于各种句式。如:He
didn't dare (to) go out
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 4.shall/will/would
例句
情 意义
态
动
词
sha 表示征询 Shall I help you?
ll
意见。
备注
用于第
一、第
三人称
疑问句
中。
表示说话 ①You shall do as I say.
用于第
人的意愿,(命令)
二、第
有“命令,②You shall have the book 三人称。
允诺,警 tomorrow. (允诺)
告,决心”③If you don't get out, I
等意思。 shall knock you down. (警
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 4.shall/will/would
情
态
动
词
will
/wo
uld
意 例句
义
表
示
意
愿
表
请
求
表
示
某
种
倾
向
①I will do everything
for you. ②None is so
blind as those who
won't see.
Will/ Would you
please close the
window?
①Fish will die
without water. ②
Every time she was
in trouble,she
would turn to him for
help. (would指过去某
备注
用于疑问句中。
would更委婉
used to表示与现
在的情况相反,表
示“过去如此而现
在不再这样”。其
后既可接表动作的
动词,也可接表状
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 4.shall/will/would
情
态
动
词
will
/wo
uld
意义
例句
备注
①If you don't have a 与否定词连用常
pen, a pencil will do. 表示“拒绝”。
②We tried the door
again,but it
wouldn't open.
表示 ①This will be the
推测 house you are
(可能、looking for. ②I would
大概) be about ten when
my father left home.
表示
功能
(能,
行)
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 三、情态动词+
意义
例句
情态动
have done
词
must
一定(肯定
have
句);可能
done; (肯定句和
may/mi 否定句);
ght
可能(疑问
have
句和否定
done; 句)
can/cou
ld have
done
might
本来可能
have
做……而
done;
未做;本
couldha 可以
ve done;做……而
would
未做;本
备注
You
对过去的事情
can't/couldn't 的推测
have met my
grandmother.
She died
before you
were born.
①He might
have given
you more
help, even
though he
was very
与过去事实相
反的虚拟表达
专题八 │ 正面解读
情态动
词
should/
ought to
have
done
意义
例句
备注
Your brother 表示责备
本应该
做……而 has failed
未做
English exam
again. You
ought to have
given him
more help.
needn't 本不需要 You needn't
have
做……但 have
done
却做了
wakened me
up; I don't
have to go to
work today.
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 四、虚拟语气
• 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,
而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
• 1.
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
专题八 │ 正面解读
主句
主语+
与现在事实相 if+主语+动词 should/would/co
uld/might+动词
反
过去式
原形
主语+
should/would/co
与过去事实相 If +主语+had
uld/might+
反
+过去分词
have+ 过去分
词
(1) if+主语+
动词过去式
if从句
专题八 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not
drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不开
车了。(明天的情况还不知道)
If I had done it in time, I should have
had a good time. 如果我及时做的话,日子
就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)
注意:
(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称,
would可用于任何人称。
(2) 条件句中如果动词是be,其过去式所有
专题八 │ 正面解读
• (3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为
所发生的时间不一致时,主从句中动词的
形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调
整,这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。
如:
•
If they had studied hard, they could do
it easily now.
•
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干得
就会容易些了。
•
If he had not taken my advice, he
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 如:If he were to come, I would join him in
the discussion. = Were he to come, I
would join him in the discussion. 如果他来,
我将和他一道参加讨论。
• (5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句,虚拟条件句
是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如:
•
But for air and water, there would be no
life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水,地球
上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚
拟条件)
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 2.
虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法
宾语从句
I
wish
愿望
现在不能实现的
主语+动词过去式
愿望
过去不能实现的
主语+had+过去分词
愿望
主语+would/might+动词 将来不能实现的
原形
愿望
专题八 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医
生就好了。(现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望
雨能停下来。(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much
fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
3.
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
(1) 在insist;command,order;demand,
专题八 │ 正面解读
•
He proposed that we (should) deal with
the problem by the view of development.
•
他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个
问题。
• (2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion,
order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、
同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可
省略)。如:
•
My proposal is that we (should) set a
deadline for handing in the plan.
专题八 │ 正面解读
• (3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded,
proposed, … )that… 结构中,主语从句中
也要使用虚拟语气。如:
•
It's required that every student be on
time for school.
•
要求每个学生准时到校。
• (4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊
疑问句中作插入语时,句子的动词也使用
虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”的形式,
其中should可以省略。如:
专题八 │ 正面解读
• (5) 在It's+necessary,essential,
important, strange, natural等形容词+ that
从句或It's a pity,a shame等名词+ that
从句中,谓语动词可以使用should do。如:
•
It is necessary that the badly wounded
man should be treated immediately. 这位
重伤员必须马上治疗。
•
It's a pity that you should be so
careless.
•
你竟然如此粗心,真是可惜。
专题八 │ 正面解读
• 4.
虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
•
在as if/though引导的状语从句中,谓语
动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况;用
过去完成式,表示与过去相反的情况等。
其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。
如:
•
I've loved you as if you were my
relative.
•
我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。
• 5.
虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
专题八 │ 正面解读
• (2) would rather+从句中,谓语动词用过去
式表示与现在或将来的情况相反;用过去
完成式,表示与过去的情况相反。如:
•
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我
宁愿你明天来。
• (3) if only…要是……多好啊。如:
•
If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时
不惹他就好了。
•
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天
能来就好了。
专题八 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't
have rained last night.
•
【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't
have rained last night.
•
【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用
must,而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可
能”。
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 2.
【误】 I didn't see Mary at the
meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
•
【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting
yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.
•
【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天,因此要用
情态动词+have done形式,当动词是be时,
很容易忽略它的时态意义,要特别留意。
• 3.
【误】 He must be very friendly at
times.
•
【正】 He can be very friendly at times.
•
【解析】 句意为:他有时会很友好。可知
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 4.
【误】 I can't find my keys. I
may/might forget them on the playground
yesterday.
•
【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might
have left them on the playground yesterday.
•
【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测,通常用
must/may/might have done sth. 另外,表示
“把……忘记在某地”应用动词leave。
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 5.
【误】 The fire spread through the
hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
•
【正】 The fire spread through the hotel
quickly, but everyone was able to get out.
•
【解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事,
肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 6.
【误】 Will I open the window for
you?
•
【正】 Shall I open the window for you?
•
【解析】 shall与第一、第三人称连用,表
示征求意见或请求指示,这时不可用will。will
通常与第二人称连用,即Will you…?
• 7.
【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I
should give more water.
•
【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should
have given more water.
• 【解析】 根据第一句可知,植物已经死亡,
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 8.
【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we
would have been drowned in the stormy river.
•
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would
have been drowned in the stormy river.
•
【正】 If they had not saved us, we would
have been drowned in the stormy river.
•
【解析】 当条件中含有were, had, should
等时,可省略if,从而把were, had, should提
到主语之前。若条件句为否定句,则只把
were, had, should提前,not仍放在主语之后。
专题八 │ 反面解读
• 9.
【误】 If only I saw the film
yesterday.
•
【正】 If only I had seen the film
yesterday.
•
【解析】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种
愿望,其谓语动词应用过去完成式,即if only
sb. had done sth. 。
专题八 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.—Everyone in my class passed the
exam.
•
—Oh,really?It ________ difficult.
•
A.can't have been
B.needn't
have been
•
C.must be
D.mightn't be
•
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。对过去进
行推测,表示“一定不”应使用 can't have
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2009·安徽卷] Some people who
don't like to talk much are not necessarily
shy;they ________ just be quiet people.
•
A.must B.may C.should
D.would
•
【解析】 B 句意为:有些人不喜欢讲
话不一定是害羞,他们可能是安静的人。
此处用may表示“可能”之意。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 3.
—Why didn't you answer the
phone last night?
•
—I ________ when you called.
•
A.had to have slept
•
B.had to be sleeping
•
C.must have been sleeping
•
D.must have slept
•
【解析】 C 由时间状语和结合语境来
看,这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 4.
When I lived with my roommates
in the university, we ________ often talk
into the night.
•
A.might B.must C.should
D.would
•
【解析】 D 这里描述的是过去经常发
生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 5.
—This is the first time I ________
my first picture with my own hands.
•
—It is time that you ________ a picture
for me.
•
A.took; took
•
B.have taken; took
•
C.took; will take
•
D.will take; have taken
•
【解析】 B This/It is the first time
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 6. —Why hasn't Jack come back yet?
________anything have happened to him?
•
—I'm not sure, but I guess
something________.
•
A.May;must have
B.Can;
may have
•
C.Must;may
D.Dare;might
have
•
【解析】 B 考查情态动词。在一般疑
问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 7.It is usually warm in my hometown in
March, but it________ be rather cold
sometimes.
•
A.must B.can C.should
D.would
•
【解析】 B can用在肯定句中可以指
“有时会,可能会”,表示客观情况或逻
辑上的可能性。句意为:三月份在我们家
乡通常比较暖和,但有时也会非常冷。
• 8.
Liza________ well not want to go
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 9.
Look at the floor, Tom!
________you watch TV while having a
meal?
•
A.Should
B.Could
•
C.Would
D.Must
•
【解析】 D must 表示与说话人愿望相
反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如:
•
Must you make so much noise?你就非
得弄出这么大声吗?
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 10.The soccer team has been doing well
this season,so they ________win the
championship.
•
A.should B.might C.would
D.must
•
【解析】 A 本题考查情态动词。句意
为:这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好,
因此,他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进
行推测表示“应该……”时用should。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 11.When the ship sailed out from
Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______
that only half of them would return again.
•
A.will never think
•
B.can never think
•
C.needn't have thought
•
D.couldn't have thought
• 【解析】 D 考查“情态动词+完成式”
的用法。根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 12.—What does the sign over there read?
•
—No person ________ smoke or carry
a lighted cigarette in this area.
•
A.will B.shall C.may D.must
•
【解析】 B 考查情态动词的特殊用法。
答句句意为:任何人在这里都不能吸烟或
者是携带点燃的香烟。shall在这里表示强
制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必
须,应该”。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 13.It's hard to believe that such a greedy
man________ donate so much to Project
Hope.
•
A.may B.need C.can D.shall
• 【解析】 C 考查情态动词的特殊用法。
句意为:这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐
出这么多钱,真是难以置信!can在这里表
示惊讶、不相信,意为“居然会,竟能”。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 14.For environmental reasons,we
________ as well take these waste
products and have them recycled.
•
A.should B.would C.might
D.could
•
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。所填词与as
well构成固定搭配,意思是不妨,用might,
选C。
• 15.We ________ here at lunch time; we
were delayed at the airport, though.
•
A.could be
B.should be
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 16.—Jenny took the 8:00 bus to
Guangzhou this morning.
•
—Really?He ________ the 9:00
train. It's much more comfortable and safer
to travel by train.
•
A.could have taken
B.should
take
•
C.must have taken
D.can take
•
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。上
句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 17.[2010·四川卷] —________ I take the
book out?
•
—I'm afraid not.
•
A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need
•
【解析】 B 考查情态动词词义辨析。
may用于一般疑问句,表示请求。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 18.[2010·安徽卷] Jack described his
father,who ________ a brave boy many
years ago,as a strongwilled man.
•
A.would be B.would have been
•
C.must be D.must have been
•
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。句意为:
杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人,
他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根
据many years ago可知,是对过去事情的
推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 19.[2010·浙江卷] Had I known about this
computer program,a huge amount of
time and energy________.
•
A.would have been saved
•
B.had been saved
•
C.will be saved
•
D.was saved
•
【解析】 A 本题考查虚拟语气。根据
Had I known提示,可知此句是虚拟语气,
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 20.[2010·湖南卷] You ________ buy a
gift,but you can if you want to.
•
A.must
B.mustn't
•
C.have to
D.don't have to
•
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。don't
have to意为“没有必要”,符合语境。句
意为:你没有必要买礼物,但如果你想买
的话,你也可以买。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 21.[2010·陕西卷] —May I take this book
out of the reading room?
•
—No,you________. You read it in here.
•
A.mightn't B.won't C.needn't
D.mustn't
•
【解析】 D 本题考查情态动词的用法。
表示“禁止;千万别做某事”时,要用
mustn't。
• 22.[2010·江西卷] I have told you the truth.
________ I keep repeating it?
•
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 23.[2010·江苏卷] —I haven't got the
reference book yet,but I'll have a test on
the subject next month.
•
—Don't worry. You ________have it by
Friday.
•
A.could
B.shall
•
C.must
D.may
• 【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。当主语为
第二、三人称时,情态动词shall表示说话
人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁,本句
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 24.[2010·江苏卷] George is going to talk
about the geography of his country,but
I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
•
A.focus
B.focused
•
C.would focus
D.had focused
•
【解析】 B 本题考查虚拟语气。
would rather+从句表示对现在或将来虚拟
时应使用一般过去时。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 25.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. You
________ expect the world to change so
soon.
•
A.can't
B.needn't
•
C.may not
D.will not
•
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。
can't表示“不能”,语气强烈。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 26.[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend
parents ________ their children under 12
to ride bicycles to school for safety.
•
A.not allow
•
B.do not allow
•
C.mustn't allow
•
D.couldn't allow
•
【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。句意为:
教师们建议:为了孩子们的安全,父母不
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 27.[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have
hurried. After driving at top speed,he
arrived half an hour early.
•
A.needn't
B.wouldn't
•
C.mustn't
D.couldn't
•
【解析】 A needn't have done 本没有
必要做某事,实际上做了。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 28.[2010·重庆卷] You ________ park
here! It's an emergency exit.
•
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
•
C.couldn't
D.mustn't
•
【解析】 D 考查情态动词词义辨析。
由句意“这里是紧急出口”,可知此处不
允许停车,所以用mustn't表示“禁止,不
许”。
专题八 │ 实战演练
• 29.[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've
got an appointment with Miss Smith in the
Personnel Department.
•
—Ah,good morning. You ________be
Mrs. Peters.
•
A.might B.must C.would D.can
•
【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。根据
句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用
must来表示肯定推测。
• 30.[2010·山东卷] I ________ have
•专题九 正反解读动词的时态、
语态
专题九 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考
的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对
时态和语态的理解,其中现在完成时、一
般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为
频繁。此外,为了增加试题的区分度,命
题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓
一致结合在一起考查。
专题九 │ 正面解读
•
在解题时要注意以下几个问题:
• 1.
这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题
干中可参照的时间信息有哪些?
• 2.
这个动作处于什么状态?是进行中,
还是已结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的
状语信息有哪些?
• 3.
这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还
是被动?
•
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题,试题的
答案也就水落石出了。
专题九 │ 正面解读
正面解读
•类一、动词时态的基本结构和用法
意义
例句
•别
现一 1.主要表示现在的特征、状 ①I play ping
在般 态、经常性动作或客观事实 pong quite well,
时现 等。2.用在时间状语从句和 but I haven't had
态在 条件状语从句中,表示将来。time to play
时 3.少数表示动作起止的动词 since the new
有时也可用一般现在时代替 year. ②If it rains
一般将来时,表示一个按规 tomorrow, will
定、计划或安排要发生的动 you still go?③
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
例句
现现 1.表示说话时或现阶段正在 ①My brother is
reading an
在在 进行的动作。
interesting novel
时进 2.与副词always,
these days.
态行 continually,constantly,
时 never等连用时表示厌恶或 ②You are
always forgetting
赞扬等的感情色彩。
3.go,come,leave,start,the important
stay等少数表示来、去、开 things.
始、离开等意义的瞬间动词 ③We're moving
的进行时可以表示一个按规 to the new
定、计划或安排好的将要进 building next
week.
行的动作。
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
现现 1.现在完成时的两种意义:
在在 ①表示动作发生于过去,对
时完 现在有一定的影响或结果。
态成 ②表示动作或状态过去已经
时 开始,持续到现在而且可能
继续下去。
2.短暂性动词在肯定句中不
可与表示时间段的for, since
等连用。
3.可用在表时间、条件、让
步的状语从句中,表示将来
某时以前已完成的动作。
例句
①They have
cleaned the
classroom. (即:
The room is
clean now. )
②He has lived in
this country for
40 years.
③Once you
have made a
promise, you
shouldn't break it.
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
现现 1.表示从过去某一时刻开始
在在 的动作一直延续到现在,现
时完 在可能刚刚结束,也可能仍
态成 要继续。
进 2.表示瞬间意义的动词不能
行 用于现在完成进行时。
时
例句
①I've been
sitting here all
day.
②Now that she
is out of a job,
Lucy has been
considering
going back to
school, but she
hasn't decided
yet.
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
过一 1.主要表示过去某时发生的
去般 情况或动作(包括过去习惯
时过 性的动作)。2.所表达的事件
态去 与现在无关。3.即使是刚刚
时 发生的事情也要用过去时。
例句
①If the weather
had been better,
we could have
had a picnic. But
it rained all day.
②Sorry. I didn't
know you were
here.
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
例句
过过 1.表示过去某一时间正进行 ①As she was
去去 的动作 。通常有时间状语 reading the
时进 (从句),或有上下文提示。2. newspaper,
态行 与副词always, continually, Granny fell
时 constantly, never等连用时 asleep.②My
表示厌恶或赞扬等的感情色 grandfather was
彩。3.go,come,leave, always forgetting
start,stay等少数表示来、 things. ③Mr.
去、开始、离开等意义的瞬 Smith said he
间动词的进行时可以表示一 was leaving for
个按规定、计划或安排好的 London soon.
过去某个时间将要进行的动
专题九 │ 正面解读
意义
•类
别
•过过 1.表示某一动作或存在的状
例句
①By nine
去去 态发生在过去某一时间或动 o'clock last
时完 作之前,即“过去的过去”。 night, we had
态成 可以用by,before等介词短 got 200 pictures
时 语或一个时间状语从句来表 from the
示,也可以用一个表示过去 spaceship. ②I
的动作来表示,还可能通过 had been at the
上下文来表示。2.表示由过 bus stop for 20
去的某一时刻开始,一直延 minutes when a
续到过去另一时间的动作或 bus finally came.
状态,常和for, since构成的 ③They had
时间状语连用。3.动词think, wanted to help
want,hope,mean,plan, but could not
intend等用过去完成时来表 get there in time.
示过去未曾实现的想法、希 ④Hardly had
专题九 │ 正面解读
•类
别
•
意义
过过 1.常用于宾语从句或间接引
去去 语中。2.was/were about to
时将 do…when…正要做某事这
态来 时……
时
例句
①He said he
would come and
help me if
necessary.
②I was just
about to explain
when he
interrupted me.
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 类别
•将will
来(shall)
时+do
态
意义
其特殊用法:
1.单纯的将来。
2.说话时临时的打
算。
例句
①I will be 17
next month.
②—Sorry, I
forgot to post
your letter.
—It doesn't
matter. I will go
and post it
myself.
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 类别
•将be
意义
1. 按照计划打算做(即
来going 说话时早已有的打算)。
时to+ 2.根据客观迹象预示
态do
着……。
例句
①—Ann is in
hospital.
—Yes, I know.
I'm going to visit
her tomorrow.
②Look at the
clouds. It is
going to rain.
专题九 │ 正面解读
意义
•类别
•将be 1. 表示按计划要发生
例句
①The president is to
来to 的事或表示命令、职责、visit the school next
时
week.
义务、要求等。
态+
2.可以用于条件句,
②You
are
to
do
your
do
homework before
表示“想,想要
做……。”
you watch TV. (相当
3.be to do 结构有时 于should, ought to)
③If you are to pass
还可以表示“注定
the exams, you will
了……”。
have to study harder
from now on.
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 类别
•将be
意义
表示即将发生的动作,
来abou 意为:很快,马上。后
时t
面一般不跟时间状语。
态
常与when 连用, 构成
to
句型“…be about to
do …when… ”(正要
+
做…这时…)
do
例句
We are about to
leave.
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 二、几种易混时态的辨析
• 1.
一般现在时与现在进行时
•
一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或
状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行
性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如:
•
On the wall hangs a picture painted by
Qi Baishi.
•
This is not my coat. Mine is hanging
behind the door.
专题九 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
如:
[2010·重庆卷] The palace caught fire
three times in the last century,and little of
the original building ________ now.
A.remains
B.is remained
C.is remaining
D.has been remained
【解析】 A 考查动词用法及时态。
remain作不及物动词用,表示“剩下,仍
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 2.
一般过去时和现在完成时
•
一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。
而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。
如:
•
I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I
went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )
•
I have stayed in Beijing for five days
and haven't decided where to go next. (I
am still in Beijing now and don't know
where to go next.)
专题九 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
[2010·北京卷] —I'm sorry,but I don't
quite follow you. Did you say you wanted
to return on September 20?
—Sorry,I ________myself clear. We
want to return on October 20.
A.hadn't made
B.wouldn't make
C.don't make
D.haven't made
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 3.
一般过去时和过去进行时
•
一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过
去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去
某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时
具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。
专题九 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
如:
I read a book last month. (书已经在过
去某个时间点读完)
I was reading a book last month. (书未
读完)
— Has Sam finished his homework today?
— I have no idea. He ________it this
morning.
A.did
B.has done
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 4.
一般过去时和过去完成时
•
判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上
找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作①,然
后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有
另一个动作②,并且判断该句是否强调②
发生在①前。
•
•
•
The moment I got home, I found I had
left my jacket on the playground.
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 5.
完成时和完成进行时的用法比较
•
现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一
动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完
成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一
个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间,但更
强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的结
果,完成进行时强调动作的延续。
专题九 │ 正面解读
•
如:
• (1) —Why does the river smell terrible?
•
—Because the water________.
•
A.have polluted
•
B.is being polluted
•
C.has been polluted
•
D.have been polluted
•
【解析】 C 考查完成时和完成进行时
的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动
专题九 │ 正面解读
• (2) He ________ articles for our
newspaper these years, and he
________about 40 articles.
•
A.has written;has written
•
B.has been writing;writes
•
C.is writing;has been writing
•
D.has been writing;has written
•
【解析】 D 考查完成时和完成进行时
的用法。由句意知“这些年他一直在写”,
专题九 │ 正面解读
• 三、被动语态
•
动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之
间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种:主动
语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动
词所表示的动作的执行者时,谓语动词用
主动语态;当句子的主语是谓语动词所表
示的动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语
态。在主动语态中,句子通过谓语动词的
不同形式体现出不同的时态形式;被动语
态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成,不同
专题九 │ 正面解读
构成
常用被动 构成(以ask 常用被动
语态
为例)
语态
1 一般现在 am/is/are 6 过去进行 was/were being
asked
asked
时
时
2 一般过去 was/were 7 现在完成 have/has been
asked
asked
时
时
3 一般将来
时
4 过去将来
时
5 现在进行
时
shall/will
be asked
would be
asked
am/is/are
being
asked
8 过去完成 had been asked
时
9 将来完成 will/would have
been asked
时
1 含有情态 can/must/may
0 动词的被
be asked
动语态
专题九 │ 反面解读
注
意
事
项
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动
词后加not,短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中
的介词或副词。如:Trees should not be
planted in summer. The boy was made fun of
by his classmates.
“get + 过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较
口语化。如:She got married last week. He fell
off the car and got killed.
汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可
用被动结构表示。如:It is believed that… It
is generally considered that… It is said that…
It is well known that… It must be pointed out
that… It is supposed that… It is reported
that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped
that…
专题九 │ 反面解读
注 不 不及物动词及短语没有被动语态,如:
意 用 happen, take place, last, break out, come
事 被 about, come out等。如:The book came out
项 动 last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours
语 without reaching any agreement.
态 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear,
的 seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get,
情 grow, keep等都没有被动语态。如:The food
况 tastes good.The cloth feels soft. His plan
proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad.
表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动
语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell,
wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。这类动词一
般不单独使用,常用一个修饰语。如: The
book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 My pen
won't write. 我的笔写不出字来。 This coat
dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The door
专题九 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
—Hi, Lucy, you look tired.
•
—I'm really tired. I ________the living
room all day.
•
A.painted
•
B.had painted
•
C.have been painting
•
D.have been painted
专题九 │ 反面解读
• 2.
Nancy is not coming tonight. But
she ________!(promise)
•
【误】 But she has promised.
•
【正】 But she promised.
•
【解析】 Nancy“答应要来”这个动作应
该发生在过去,是过去作出的承诺,前文
已告诉我们“她不来了”,因此诺言已跟
现在没有关系,只是过去的一个动作。
专题九 │ 反面解读
• 3. 托尼给我打电话时,我刚完成工作,
要开始洗澡。
•
【误】 When Tony phoned me I had
just finished my work and started to take a
shower.
•
【正】 When Tony phoned me I had
just finished my work and was starting to
take a shower.
•
【解析】 从关键信息I had just finished
my work可以看出是“正要开始洗澡”应该
专题九 │ 反面解读
• 4.
I don't really work here; I
________until the new secretary arrives.
•
A.just help out
•
B.have just helped out
•
C.am just helping out
•
D.will just help out
•
【误】 此题易受第一句话的影响,而误
选A。
•
【正】 表示我现在只是在临时帮忙,是
专题九 │ 反面解读
• 5.
很多的鸟类正被人们捕杀。
•
【误】 Many birds are killed now.
•
【正】 Many birds are being killed now.
•
【解析】 现在进行时的被动语态结构要
完整,不能遗漏其中的助动词,导致时态
错误。
•
专题九 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
[2010·上海卷] The church tower
which________will be open to tourists
soon. The work is almost finished.
•
A.has restored
•
B.has been restored
•
C.is restoring
•
D.is being restored
•
【解析】 D 本题考查被动语态。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2009·北京卷] John was given the
same suitcase his father and
grandfather________ with them to school.
•
A.took
B.had taken
•
C.were taking
D.would take
•
【答案】 B
• 3.
[2009·辽宁卷] Excuse me, Marcia,
a reporter from Vanity Fair________ all
day. Could you speak to her now?
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 4.
[2009·天津卷] My parents
________ in Hong Kong. They were born
there and have never lived anywhere else.
•
A.live B.lived C.were living
D.will live
•
【解析】 A 考查时态。后句意思为:
他们出生在香港,从来没有在别的地方住
过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”,时
态用一般现在时,说明事实,选A。
•
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 5.
[2009·江苏卷] —Ann is in hospital.
• —Oh, really? I ________know. I
________go and visit her.
• A.didn't; am going to
• B.don't; would
• C.don't; will
• D.didn't; will
• 【解析】 D 由答语中的“Oh, really?”
可以看出,“我”是刚刚知道的,所以用I
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 6.[2009·上海卷] During the period of
recent terrorist activities, people
______not to touch any unattended bag.
•
A.had always been warned
•
B.were always being warned
•
C.are always warning
•
D.always warned
•
【解析】 B 根据时间状语可知是指过
去,be always doing sth.表示“一种感情
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 7.He________ football regularly for
many years when he was young.
•
A.was playing
B.played
•
C.has played
D.had
played
•
【解析】 B 考查考生对题干中句子含
义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由
题干中的“for many years”很多同学推断
出应为现在完成时,但“when he was
young”这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时,
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 8.
[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Linda,make
sure the tables ________ before the
guests arrive.
•
A.be set
B.set
•
C.are set
D.are setting
•
【解析】 C 考查动词时态语态。make
sure意为“确信,确保”,set tables意为
“摆放桌子”,结合语境应用被动形式。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 9.
[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Excuse me.
I________ I was blocking your way.
•
A.didn't realize
•
B.don't realize
•
C.haven't realized
•
D.wasn't realizing
•
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。这里应用
一般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 10.My friend went to Canada three years
ago. He________ there for a few months
and then went to America.
•
A.was living
B.has lived
•
C.was lived
D.lived
•
【解析】 D 句意为:我的朋友三年前
去了加拿大,他在那里住了几个月,然后
去了美国。由句意可知,住在加拿大这个
情况发生在过去,且已经结束,故用一般
过去时。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 11.[2010·四川卷] —When shall we
restart our business?
• —Not until we ________ our plan.
• A.will finish
B.are finishing
• C.are to finish
D.have finished
• 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。状语从句用
现在时代替将来时,这里表示计划完成后,
所以用现在完成时。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 12.—Have you read the book called
Waiting for Anya?
•
—Who ________it?
•
A.writes B.has written C.wrote
D.had written
•
【解析】 C 本题考查时态。题干中的
答句问“谁写的这本书?”说明此书肯定
是过去写的,所以用动词的过去式。
• 13.They________ two free tickets to
Canada, otherwise they'd never have
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 14.—The singer together with her band
________invited to the concert. Did you
enjoy that party?
•
—No, no sooner ________than they
sang their top hit Oh My Baby.
•
A.was; I had left B.were; I have
gone
•
C.was; had I left D.were; did I
leave
•
【解析】 C 主谓一致、时态及倒装的
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 15.[2010·四川卷] You've failed to do what
you ________ to and I'm afraid the
teacher will blame you.
•
A.will expect
•
B.will be expected
•
C.expected
•
D.were expected
•
【解析】 D 考查动词时态。由语境
“老师将批评你”,知道你没有完成应该
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 16.[2010·安徽卷] —Were you surprised
by the ending of the film?
•
—No. I ________ the book,so I
already knew the story.
•
A.was reading
B.had read
•
C.am reading
D.have read
•
【解析】 B 考查时态。句意为:“你
对电影结果感到吃惊吗?”“不,我已经
读过这本书,所以我已知道了这个故
事。”“读书”是在“看电影”之前,故
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 17.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] —Have you finished
reading Jane Eyre?
•
—No,I ________ my homework all
day yesterday.
•
A.was doing
B.would do
•
C.had done
D.do
•
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。all day
yesterday是信息词,暗示用过去进行时。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 18.[2010·辽宁卷] I ________ all the
cooking for my family,but recently I've
been too busy to do it.
• A.will do
B.do
• C.am doing
D.had done
• 【解析】 B 考查动词时态。第一句表示
通常、一般性的一种状况,所以用一般现
在时态。句意为:我为一家人做饭,但是
最近我太忙不能做了。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 19.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] The discovery of
gold in Australia led thousands to believe
that a fortune ________.
•
A.is made
B.would make
•
C.was to be made
D.had made
•
【解析】 C 考查动词时态和语态。
make a fortune表“发财”,此处是被动语
态,was to be made表示过去将来时,相
当于would be made。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 20.[2010·福建卷] Every year a flood of
farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________ before leaving
their hometowns.
•
A.promised
B.were promised
•
C.have promised D.have been
promised
•
【解析】 D 考查动词时态。句意为:
因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作,
每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 21.[2010·福建卷] —Guess what,we've
got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK
this summer.
•
—How nice!You ________ a different
culture then.
•
A.will be experiencing
•
B.have experienced
•
C.have been experiencing
•
D.will have experienced
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 22.[2010·安徽卷] —We've spent too
much money recently.
•
—Well,it isn't surprising. Our friends
and relatives ________ around all the time.
•
A.are coming
•
B.had come
•
C.were coming
•
D.have been coming
•
【解析】 D 考查时态。句意为:“最
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 23.[2010·北京卷] In the spoken English
of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at
the end of the words ________.
•
A.are dropped
B.drop
•
C.are being dropped
D.have
dropped
•
【解析】 A 本题考查动词的时态和语
态。the “r” sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上
的动宾关系,要用被动语态;题目描述的
是习惯做法,要用一般现在时态。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 24.[2010·北京卷] —I'm not finished with
my dinner yet.
• —But our friends ________for us.
• A.will wait
B.wait
• C.have waited
D.are
waiting
• 【解析】 D 本题考查动词的时态。根据
第一句话可知,双方谈论的是正在发生的
事情,故用现在进行时态。
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 25.Unfortunately,when I got to her flat,
she________,so we had only a moment
for a few words.
•
A.just left
B.had just left
•
C.has just left
D.was just
leaving
•
【解析】 D 考查时态。从后半句的
“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”
可知,当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时,
她正要离开,应该用过去进行时表示过去
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 26.—Has Tom already finished his new
story?
•
—I have no idea. He ________it last
month.
•
A.had written
B.was
writing
•
C.would write
D.wrote
•
【解析】 B 本题考查时态。过去某个
动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时,
用过去进行时态,句中是不知道有没有完
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 27.—How come your father can read
books in German?
•
—Well, he ________on a project with
some German engineers for 3 years when
he was young.
•
A.worked
B.was working
•
C.had worked
D.would work
•
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。尽管应答
句中有3 years表时间段,但由时间状语从
句可知此处是陈述过去的事实,故用一般
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 28.—What's the problem, Sir?
•
—You ________at least at a speed of
about 100 miles per hour.
•
A.are driving
•
B.drive
•
C.were driving
•
D.have been driving
•
【答案】 C
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 29.—Are you still very busy?
•
—Yes,I ________the report for the
manager and it won't take long.
•
A.have just finished
•
B.am just finishing
•
C.had just finished
•
D.am just going to finish
•
【解析】 B 考查现在进行时态表示将
来的用法。根据“it won't take long”推知,
专题九 │ 实战演练
• 30.—What are you going to do this
afternoon?
• —I am going to the cinema with some
friends. The film ________quite early, so
we ________to the bookstore after that.
• A.finished; are going
B.finished; go
• C.finishes; are going
D.finishes; go
• 【解析】 C 由问句和答语I am going…可
知,要用将来时态,排除选项A和B;电影
的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计
划,用一般现在时表示,而表示最近的打算
•专题十 正反解读定语从句
专题十 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
定语从句一直是高考的热点和焦点,
考点主要集中在以下几个方面:定语从句
的关系代词和关系副词的选择;非限制性
定语从句中as和which的选择;以抽象地点、
抽象时间名词作先行词的定语从句中关系
词的使用;定语从句和强调结构的综合考
查。
专题十 │ 正面解读
正面解读
•
•
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句中繁多的术语、复杂
的关系一直困扰着很多学生,考试时也常
为此出错。因此我们首先要理解定语从句
的三个基本概念及它们之间的关系。
•
定语从句:修饰某一名词或代
词的从句叫定语从句,它实际上起了形容
词的作用。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
•
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词
有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;
关系副词有when, where,why等。
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
由示例可知,关系代(副)词是定语
从句的连接枢纽,在定语从句中起了三层
作用:①引导定语从句,②替代先行词,
③在从句中作成分。因此我们可以得出:
关系代词代替先行词在从句中作主语、宾
语等;关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中
作状语。
•
关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作
什么成分是判断该用关系代词还是关系副
词的依据。因此把先行词正确还原到定语
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
备注
关二、关系代词、关系副词一览表
先 从句 例句
系 行 成分
词 词
关 wh 人 主语、 ①Do you know ①who,
whom, which
宾语 the man who/
系o
和that在从句
代 wh 人 宾语 that is talking
with your
词 om
中作宾语时,
mother?②Mr. 常可以省略,
wh 人,定语 Smith is the
但介词提前
os 物
person with
时后面关系
e
whom I am
代词不能省
working. ③The 略,也不能
boy (whom/who/ 用that或who,
that) she loved 应构成“介
died in the war. 词+
专题十 │ 正面解读
关系 先
词
行
词
关 that 人、
物
系
代
词 whic 物,
h
句
子
从句成 例句
分
备注
主语、 ⑤A plane is a
machine that/
宾语
which can fly. ⑥
主语、 Tomorrow I will
bring here the
宾语
magazine for
which you asked.
⑦He was late
again, which
made his teacher
angry.
②which
可以指
代整个
主句引
导非限
制性定
语从句,
放在主
句的后
面。
which意
为“这
一点,
专题十 │ 正面解读
关 先行 从句 例句
成分
系 词
词
关 as 人、 主语、 ⑧As you
系
物、 宾语、 pointed out, I
句子 表语 made a
代
词
mistake. ⑨
He is such a
person as is
respected by
all of us.
备注
③as引导非限
制性定语从句
时,指代整个
主句的内容,
放在句首、句
中、句末均可。
as意为 “正
如,就像”。
④名词前有
such和the
same修饰时,
关系代词用as。
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
注意:that和which的用法区别
• 1.
只用which不用that的情况
• (1) 在非限制性定语从句中,which既可代
表先行词又可代表前面的一整句话,译成
“这一点,这一件事”。
• (2) 在介词后面。
• (3) 先行词是代词that或those时。
专题十 │ 正面解读
• 2.
只用that不用which的情况
• (1) 当先行词是all, everything, anything,
nothing, much, none等不定代词时,只用
that。
• (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,
只用that。
• (3) 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并
同时兼指人和物时,关系代词用that。
• (4) 先行词被the only, the last, the way等修
饰时用that。
专题十 │ 正面解读
• 三、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
•
作介词宾语的关系代词一般是which和
whom,“介词+which/whom”既可以引导
限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定
语从句。常见的有以下几种结构:
• 1.
介词 + 关系代词
•
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom
I went for advice.
• = Mandela was the black lawyer whom I
went to for advice.
专题十 │ 正面解读
• 2.
名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
•
Last Sunday I bought some books from
the bookstore, three of which were English
novels.
• = Last Sunday I bought some books from
the bookstore, of which three were English
novels.
•
上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其
中三本是英文小说。
• 3.
形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词
专题十 │ 正面解读
• 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
•
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔
开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般
用逗号隔开。
•
限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的
部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制
性定语从句起补充说明作用,去掉了不会影
响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分
开。
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
•
如:
People who take physical exercise live
longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得更长些。(限
制性定语从句,若把从句去掉句子的意思
就不完整。)
•
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is
coming home next week.他女儿现在在波
士顿,(她)下星期回来。(非限制性定语从
句,若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整。)
• 五、必须注意的几个问题
专题十 │ 正面解读
•
比较
与
where
引导的
地点状
语从句
的区别
例句
①Years later, he
went to New York,
where/in which he
made great success.
②The tree should
be planted where
there is plenty of
rain.
区别
①where引导的是
定语从句,修饰先
行词,在从句中作
状语,where可以
转化为“介词+
which”。 ②句中
where引导的从句
前无先行词,因此
引导的是地点状语
从句,where本身
在从句中作状语,
专题十 │ 正面解读
比较
例句
• 与同位 ①This is the
语从句 suggestion(that) he
的区别 put forward.
②He gave me a
suggestion that we
should start at 5
o'clock.
区别
①that引导的是定
语从句,that代替
先行词在从句中充
当宾语。②同位语
从句中连接词that
在从句中无意义,
不作成分但不可省
略。
与强调 ①It was last night
判断强调句的方法
是把it is/ was和
句的区 that I saw the
accident.
别
that (who) 去掉,
如果句子仍然完整,
②It was a time
when there were still 则是强调句。(①句
去掉it was…that
slaves.
成为I saw the
专题十 │ 正面解读
• 2. “使用where而非真实‘地点’”型定语
从句
•
定语从句的先行词是situation, case,
point, scene等名词而且从句缺少状语时,
要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”
或“一个特定的……场合”。如:
•
I have come to the point where I can't
stand him.
•
我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。
•
He's got himself into a dangerous
专题十 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
关系代词的误用及漏用
• (1) 【误】 I've read all the books which
you lent me.
•
【正】 I've read all the books that you
lent me.
•
【解析】 定语从句的先行词被all,
some,any,no,few等修饰时,关系代词
用that。
• (2) 【误】 The student is standing there is
our monitor.
专题十 │ 反面解读
• (3) 【误】 Dinner starts with a small dish,
that is often called a starter.
•
【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish,
which is often called a starter.
•
【解析】 用which引导非限制性定语从句,
而不用that引导。
• (4)【误】 He lives in the room,the window
of that faces the south.
•
【正】 He lives in the room,the window
of which faces the south.
•
【解析】 “介词+关系代词”中的关系代词
专题十 │ 反面解读
• (5)
【误】 The man with who I worked
has left.
•
【正】 The man with whom I worked has
left.
•
【解析】 “介词+whom”引导定语从句。
• 2. 定语从句主谓不一致
•
【误】 This is one of the rooms that is
free now.
•
【正】 This is one of the rooms that are
free now.
专题十 │ 反面解读
• 3.
关系词与被替换词重复
•
【误】 This is the jacket which I bought it
last month.
•
【正】 This is the jacket which I bought
last month.
•
【解析】 which在从句中作宾语,it多余。
• 4.
介词的误用
•
【误】 The computer to which I paid
4,000 yuan is made in Shanghai.
•
【正】 The computer for which I paid
专题十 │ 反面解读
• 5.
from where与from which混用
•
【误】 They stood on the top of the
building, from which they could see the
whole city.
•
【正】 They stood on the top of the
building, from where they could see the
whole city.
•
【解析】 from where=from the top of the
building,from which=from the building,显
然前者比较合适。
专题十 │ 反面解读
• 6.
忽视倒装结构
•
【误】 The fisherman lives in an old
house, in front of which a well lies.
•
【正】 The fisherman lives in an old
house, in front of which lies a well.
•
【解析】 in front of…放在定语从句句首,
且从句中含有动词lie, stand等,主语为名词,
这时要采用倒装结构,把lie, stand等放在作主
语的名词前。
专题十 │ 反面解读
• 7.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
误用
• (1) 【误】 Charles Smith, that was my former
teacher, retired last year.
•
【正】 Charles Smith, who was my
former teacher, retired last year.
•
【解析】 在非限制性定语从句中,当先行
词指人时,关系代词用who, whom。
• (2)【误】 This novel, I have read three times,
is very touching.
•
【正】 This novel, which I have read
专题十 │ 反面解读
• (3) 【误】 I had told them the reason, why I
didn't attend the meeting.
•
【正】 I had told them the reason, for
which I didn't attend the meeting.
•
【解析】 that, why通常不用于引导非限制
性定语从句。
专题十 │ 反面解读
• (4) 正如所通知的那样,我们下个月要举行期
末考试。
•
【误】 It has been announced,we shall
have our final exams next month.
•
【误】 Which has been announced, we
shall have our final exams next month.
•
【正】 It has been announced that we
shall have our final exams next month.
•
【正】 As has been announced, we shall
have our final exams next month.
•
【解析】 as has been announced引导一
专题十 │ 反面解读
• (5) 我看过《金婚》这部电影,它的男主角是
张国立。
•
【误】 I have seen the film Golden
Anniversary,its leading actor is Zhang Guoli.
•
【正】 I have seen the film Golden
Anniversary,whose leading actor is Zhang
Guoli.
•
【正】 I have seen the film Golden
Anniversary, its leading actor Zhang Guoli.
• 【解析】 在定语从句中,whose既可指人,
也可指物,往往放在从句中的某一名词前作定
专题十 │ 反面解读
• 8.定语从句的分隔
•
Later in this chapter cases will be
introduced to readers ________ consumer
complaints have resulted in changes in the
law.
•
A.where B.when C.who D.which
•
【误】 由于不能正确判断哪个是先行词而
误选C。
•
【正】 cases是先行词,正确答案是A。
•
【解析】 cases在定语从句中作状语,构
成in the cases,主句是cases will be
专题十 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
It is in this village,________Mary
was born 35 years ago,________she will
build her first school,________inspires
everyone to help her.
•
A.that; when; which
B.where;
that; which
•
C.that; that; that D.where; when;
that
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 2.
[2010·江西卷] The girl arranged to
have piano lessons at the training centre
with her sister ________ she would stay
for an hour.
•
A.where B.who C.which
D.what
•
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。关系副词
where引导的定语从句,在从句中作状语。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 3.
[2010·重庆卷] In China,the
number of cities is increasing ________
development is recognized across the
world.
•
A.where
B.which
•
C.whose
D.that
•
【解析】 C 考查定语从句关系词。这
里是一个分割定语从句,先行词cities和定
语从句被谓语is increasing分隔开,表示
“城市的发展”,故应用whose作定语。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 4.
[2009·江西卷] The house I grew
up________ has been taken down and
replaced by an office building.
•
A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which
•
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。还原后应
为The house (which/that) I grew up in… 主
语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 5.
TVTurnoff Week,
________millions of people around the
world participate every year, tries to
encourage people to turn on life.
•
A.in which B.on which C.which
D.when
•
【解析】 A 考查定语从句中“介词十
关系词”的用法。句意为:关闭电视周,
每年世界各地数百万的人都在做,旨在鼓
励人们注重生活。从句中谓语动词
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 6. [2010·江苏卷] The newlybuilt cafe,
the walls of ________ are painted light
green,is really a peaceful place for us,
especially after hard work.
•
A.that B.it C.what D.which
•
【解析】 D 本题考查定语从句。先行
词为cafe,此处the walls of which可以变化
成“whose walls”,在从句中作主语。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 7.
Nowadays, when people talk
about magicians, the first one
________comes into their mind is Liu Qian.
•
A.where B.which C.that D.what
•
【解析】 C 定语从句先行词为the first
one。定语从句中当先行词为序数词或是被
序数词修饰时用that引导定语从句。
• 8.
[2009·四川卷] She'll never forget
her stay there ________ she found her
son who had gone missing two years
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 9.
[2009·全国卷Ⅱ] My friend showed
me round the town,________was very
kind of him.
•
A.which B.that C.where D.it
•
【解析】 A 考查非限制性定语从句,
这里的which指代前面整句话内容。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 10.[2009·江苏卷] ________is known to
us is that the old doctor, for________ life
was hard in the past, still works very hard
in his late life.
•
A.As; whom
B.What; whom
•
C.It; whose
D.As; whose
• 【解析】 B 考查主语从句及定语从句。
第一空是由what引导的主语从句,what is
known to us is that…也是固定结构;第二
空学生很容易会错选whose,后半句还原为:
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 11.Sun Valley raised and processed
about a million chickens, ________up to
half went to McDonald's.
•
A.in which B.for which C.with
which D.of which
•
【解析】 D 在定语从句中,of which
up to half = up to half of which = up to
half of the chickens。
• 12.Take an active part in the activities
you enjoy ________you can make many
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 13.[2010·北京卷] Children who are not
active or________ diet is high in fat will
gain weight quickly.
•
A.what B.whose C.which
D.that
•
【解析】 B 本题考查定语从句引导词。
先行词children和diet之间是所属关系,用
whose 来引导定语从句。
• 14.[2010·四川卷] After graduating from
college,I took some time off to go
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 15.We recommend that our human
beings treat the nature with the same care
________we give to our eyes.
•
A.that B.which C.as D.what
•
【解析】 C 考查定语从句引导词的用
法。若先行词有the same修饰,其后定语
从句则用that或as引导。that表示同一个,
as表示同类中的一个但不是同一个。根据
题意可知应用as。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 16.[2010·浙江卷] The settlement is home
to nearly 1,000 people,many of
________ left their village homes for a
better life in the city.
•
A.whom B.which
C.them
D.those
•
【解析】 A 本题考查定语从句。many
从属于nearly 1,000 people,故用of+
whom引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作
主语。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 17.The film started to get boring, at
________ point I left the cinema
accompanied by my twin sister.
•
A.this B.that C.the D.which
•
【解析】 D 本题考查非限制性定语从
句。which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从
句中作定语。
• 18.After graduation I'd like to find a job
________I can use what I have learnt at
school.
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 19.I admire my English teacher. I can
remember very few occasions ________
she stopped working because of her
illness.
•
A.that B.when C.who D.which
•
【解析】 B 本题考查定语从句。本句
中定语从句的先行词是occasions,“场合”
的意思。句意为:我尊敬我的英语老师。
我记得没有什么时候她会因为生病而停止
工作。选B。
专题十 │ 实战演练
• 20.Though it is 30 years ________ we
last met, I still remember the scene
________ we got separated on a rainy day.
•
A.before; where B.before; which
•
C.since; when
D.since;
where
•
【解析】 D 考查时间状语从句和定语
从句。“it is/has been+一段时间+since
从句”为固定句型,表示自从上次干某事
到现在有多长时间了;scene作先行词且定
• 正反解读名词性从句
考点荟萃
•
名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关
注,近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语
境中连接词的选择,尤其是连接词what和
that的辨析,以及whether 与if表示“是否”
时的区别。因此,正确区分名词性从句的
类型,根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意
义,确定恰当的连接词是一轮复习的重点。
此外,名词性从句和定语从句的辨析,也
是高考考查的重点。
正面解读
• 一、认识各种名词性从句
•
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作句子
的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词
性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语
从句和同位语从句。名词性从句中的连接词
有连词that / whether / if,连接代词what /
who(m)/ which / whose / whatever /
whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副
词where / when / why / how 。
•
从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说,
名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分,和句
子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。而定
语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分,去
掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。这
是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征。如:
• I wonder how much these shoes cost. (宾语
从句,不可省去)
• He is the very man I look after. (定语从句,
修饰the man)
• You may borrow the book as long as you
keep it clean. (状语从句)
• 1.主语从句
• Who will go is not important.
• It doesn't matter so much whether you will
come or not. (形式主语it代替后面的真正的
主语从句)
• 注意:that引导主语从句放于句首时,不能
省略。
• That he suddenly fell ill last week made us
surprised.
• 2.表语从句
• The question was who could go there.
• My idea is that we can get more people to
help in the work.
• It looked as if it was going to rain.
• 3 . 宾语从句
• I hope (that) everything is all right.
• 注意:(1)that在引导宾语从句时,常可省
略,但如果有两个以上的宾语从句时,最
后一个从句的that不能省略。如:
• I know (that) he has just graduated from
college and that he is looking for a job.
• (2) 如果动词宾语后又有补语,那么要使用
it作形式宾语,然后把宾语从句放在补语之
后。如:
• I make it known that we'll be invited to the
ball.
• (3) 如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去
时,那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去
有关的时态,但如果从句描述的是客观事
实,从句时态不可调整“呼应”。如:
•
She remembered that she had left her
wallet at the school gate.
•
Our teacher said that light travels faster
than sound.
• 4.同位语从句
• 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,
一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea,
suggestion, promise等)之后,说明该名词
的具体内容。如:
• I have no idea when he will be back.
• The fact that he had not said anything
surprised everybody.
•
•
注意:
在动词:一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,
command)、三建议(suggest,advise,
recommend)、四要求(demand,require,
request,ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的
过去分词后的主语从句,以及这些动词的
名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓
语部分常用(should)do形式。如:
• He insisted that he (should) try once again.
• His advice is that everyone (should) do his
best to help the poor girl.
• It is required that students (should) attend
at least 90% of the lectures.
• 二、名词性从句的连接词
•
名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最
核心的问题,也是高考的常考点。连接词
的选择要考虑它在从句中的作用和所表达
的意义。
连接词
从
属
连
词
that
if/
whether
词义
/
是否
在句中所
作成分
/
/
例句
The problem is
that we don't
have
enough money.
The question is
whether they
have so much
money.
连接词
who/
whom/
连 which/
接 whose/
what
代
词 whoever/
词义
在句中所
例句
作成分
原疑问代词
的意义;
what更常表
示:the
thing that /
the …that
所……的东
西/……
①Pay attention
to what the
主语、宾 teacher said.
语、表语、②Who kept the
定语
door open all
night was
unknown.
①Whoever
whomev
breaks the law
无论谁/ 无论 主语、宾 will be punished.
er
哪个(些)/无
语、表语、
/ which
②You can take
论什么
定语
whichever book
ever/
you like.
whatever
连接词 词义
在句
中所
作成
分
原疑问副词的意义
或“……的时间
连 when/ (the time
接 where/ when);……的地
点(the place
状语
副 why/
where);……的原
词 how
因(the reason
why)”;……的方
式(the way that)
例句
①When he will
go is unknown.
②I wonder why
he tried to
avoid me.
③This room is
where I was
born.
④This is how
we work.
反面解读
• 1.what与that
• (1) 【误】 All what he did was for you.
•
【正】 What he did was for you.
•
【正】 All that he did was for you.
• (2) 【误】 I was thinking that I could do for
you.
• 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for
you.
• 【解析】 what引导名词性从句,what相当于
the thing that/ the …that/ all that等,具体的
意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中,
what既有意义,又在从句中作一定的成分,
而that无意义,且在从句中不作成分。
• 2.who与 whoever
• 【误】 Who is the first to come will get a
gift.
• 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will
get a gift.
• 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come
will get a gift.
• 【解析】 whoever引导名词性从句,意为
“无论谁”,相当于anyone who;而who
意为“谁”。
• 3.whether与if
• (1) 【误】 They don't know if to go there.
•
【正】 They don't know whether to go
there.
• (2) 【误】 It depends on if we have
enough time.
•
【正】 It depends on whether we have
enough time.
• 【解析】 在以下情况只能用whether不能用
if:
• ① 作介词宾语时,连接词一般用whether。
•
It all depends on whether they will
come back.
• ② 后面直接跟or not 时,用whether。
•
I didn't know whether or not he had
arrived in Wuhan.
• ③ 主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,
只能用whether。
•
Whether the meeting will be put off has
not been decided yet.
•
The question is whether they have so
much time.
• ④whether可与动词不定式连用,但if不能。
•
I have not decided whether to go or not.
• ⑤ whether可引导一个让步状语从句,表
示“不管,无论”,而if不能。
•
Whether he comes or not, we will begin
our party on time.
• 4.whoever 与whomever
•
【误】 Please give the book to
whomever needs it most.
•
【正】 Please give the book to
whoever needs it most.
•
【解析】 此处,whoever在从句中作主
语,因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引
导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所
作的成分。
• 5.【误】 He will win the match is certain.
•
【正】 That he will win the match is
certain.
•
【正】 It is certain that he will win the
match.
•
【解析】 that位于句首引导主语从句时,
不能省略。
• 6.【误】 What we bought was some
bananas.
•
【正】 What we bought were some
bananas.
•
【解析】 what 引导的从句作主语时,
若表示复数概念,谓语动词则用复数。
• 7.名词性从句的语序
•
【误】 So now you know what should
you do.
•
【正】 So now you know what you
should do.
•
【解析】 名词性从句应用陈述语序。
• 8.【误】 There's a fact that English is
being accepted as an important language.
•
【正】 It's a fact that English is being
accepted as an important language.
•
【解析】 It is a fact that…句型中,It为
形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that…从句。
it不能换成there。
• 9.【误】 He is late. That's why he got up
late this morning.
•
【正】 He is late. That's because he
got up late this morning.
•
【解析】 That's why………的原因;
That's because …那是因为……此处起床
晚是迟到的原因,故用That's because…
• 10.【误】 We'll discuss the problem that
the sports meeting will be held in Beijing
Stadium.
•
【正】 We'll discuss the problem
when/whether the sports meeting will be
held in Beijing Stadium.
•
【解析】 如果用that引导同位语从句意
义不完整,这时可根据情况选用whether,
when等。
•
•
•
•
•
•
实战演练
1.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] We haven't discussed
yet ________ we are going to place our new
furniture.
A.that B.which C.what D.where
【解析】D where引导宾语从句,在从句中作
地点状语。
2.[2009·北京卷] At first he hated the new
job but decided to give himself a few months
to see ________it got any better.
A.when B.how C.why D.if
【解析】 D 考查宾语从句的引导词的选择。
句意为:最初他不喜欢这份新工作,但是他
决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这份工作
是否会变得更好。所以用if引导宾语从句。
• 3.[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] —Have you finished
the book?
•
—No. I've read up to ________ the
children discover the secret cave.
•
A.which B.what C.that D.where
• 【解析】 D 考查宾语从句连接词。答句
句意为:我已经读到孩子们发现神秘洞穴
的部分。where引导的从句充当up to的宾语,
强调地点概念。
• 4.[2010·福建卷] We should respect food
and think about the people who don't have
________ we have here and treat food
nicely.
•
A.that
B.which
•
C.what
D.whether
•
【解析】 C 考查引导词。句意为:我
们应该尊重食物,考虑那些没有我们拥有
的东西并很好地对待食物的人们。who引导
的定语从句修饰the people,定语从句中又
含有一个宾语从句,这个宾语从句中we
have 缺少宾语,所以用what引导宾语从句。
• 5.________ the flight to New York will
be delayed is ________I'm especially
worried about.
•
A.If; what
B.Whether; that
•
C.When; that
D.Whether; what
•
【解析】 D 句意为:到纽约的航班是
否会被耽搁是我特别担心的事情。放在句
首的主语从句表“是否”要用whether引导,
而不能用if,what引导表语从句。表示所担
心的事情。选D。
• 6.[2010·重庆卷] To improve the quality of
our products,we asked for suggestions
________ had used the products.
•
A.whoever
B.who
•
C.whichever
D.which
•
【解析】 A 考查宾语从句引导词。句
意为:为了提高产品的质量,我们向任何
使用过我们产品的人征求意见。这里可以
表示“任何人”的只有whoever,引导宾语
从句,在从句中作主语。正常语序应
为…asked whoever had used the products
for suggestions。
• 7.[2010·北京卷] ________some people
regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by
many others.
•
A.Whether
B.What
•
C.That
D.How
• 【解析】 B 本题考查主语从句的引导词。
在主语从句________some people regard
as a drawback中,regard缺少宾语,选B。
• 8. [2010·北京卷] I want to be liked and
loved for ________I am inside.
•
A.who B.where
•
C.what D.how
•
【解析】 C 本题考查名词性从句的引
导词。for后跟宾语从句,从句中am后缺少
表语,故用what,相当于一个名词加that。
• 9.[2010·北京卷] Part of the reason
Charles Dickens loved his own novel,
David Copperfield,was ________ it was
rather closely modeled on his own life.
•
A.what B.that C.why D.whether
•
【解析】 B 本题考查表语从句的引导
词。当the reason作主语,后面接表语从句
时,习惯上用that来连接。
• 10.Mum is coming. What
present________ for your birthday?
•
A.you expect she has got
•
B.you expect has she got
•
C.do you expect she has got
•
D.do you expect has she got
•
【解析】 C 考查双重疑问句,疑问词
+do you think/believe/expect+句子的其
他成分(句子用陈述句语序)。
• 11.People believe that there is no doubt
________a cure for H1N1 has been found.
•
A.which B.that
•
C.what
D.whether
•
【解析】 B 考查同位语从句。There
is no doubt that为固定句型,that在从句中
不充当成分。
• 12.[2010·江苏卷] —I prefer shutting
myself in and listening to music all day on
Sundays.
•
—That's ________ I don't agree. You
should have a more active life.
•
A.where B.how C.when D.what
•
【解析】 A 本题考查名词性从句。
where引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
注意agree是不及物动词。
• 13.Father made a promise ________I
passed the examination he would buy me
a new dictionary.
•
A.that B.if C.whether D.that if
•
【解析】 D that引导同位语从句。在
同位语从句中又含有一个由if引导的条件状
语从句。
• 14.________ children should learn from
around us is a question of great
importance.
•
A.Where B.Whom C.When
D.How
•
【解析】 B 考查对句式和引导词的判
断能力。分析句子结构可排除A、C、D,
也可根据句意“孩子们该向谁学习……”得
知答案。
• 15.—Alice looks blue today.
•
—Yes, I asked her, but she wouldn't
say ________ troubled her.
• A.why was it that
B.that was why
• C.it was what
D.what it was that
•
【解析】 D 考查宾语从句的语序和强
调句型。句意为:“爱丽丝今天显得沮
丧。”“是的,我问她为何,她没说究竟
是什么让她伤心。”
• 16.[2010·浙江卷] —How about camping
this weekend,just for a change?
•
—OK,________you want.
•
A.whichever
B.however
•
C.whatever
D.whoever
•
【解析】 C 句意:“这个周末野营怎
么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意
思吧!”答语中谓语动词want缺少宾语,
排除B、D项;whichever需要在语境中给出
具体范围,所以排除A项。whatever等于
anything that。
• 17.[2010·陕西卷] It never occurred to me
________you could succeed in
persuading him to change his mind.
•
A.which B.what C.that D.if
•
【解析】 C 本题考查名词性从句中的
主语从句。It 为形式主语,真正的主语从句
中不缺任何成分,根据句子意思,只需要
用that 连接。
• 18.[2010·四川卷] How much one enjoys
himself traveling depends largely on
________ he goes with,whether his
friends or relatives.
•
A.what B.who C.how D.why
• 【解析】 B 考查连词词义辨析。宾语从句
中with缺少宾语,whether his friends or
relatives暗示缺少的是指人的宾语。
• 19.—You know, I'm poor in Chinese; you
are not good at English, and …
•
—That's ________ we should help
each other.
•
A.when B.where C.how D.that
• 【解析】 B 考查名词性从句。where引导
的从句作表语,where意为“……的地方”。
• 20.The free tickets will go to ________
comes first to the concert.
•
A.whoever
B.whomever
•
C.whichever
D.no matter who
• 【解析】 A 本题考查名词性从句。题干句
子空白处用whoever连接宾语从句同时在宾
语从句中作主语,指人。句意为:免费票
将送给第一个来听音乐会的听众,不管他
是谁。注意no matter who只能引导状语从
句,不能连接名词性从句。
•专题十二 正反解读状语从句
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
考点荟萃
•
状语从句是每年高考的必考点之一,
在单项填空、完形填空中都会有所体现。
从近几年的高考题来看,连接词在具体语
境中的运用,尤其是连接词语义的延伸,
是高考命题的重点,因此在一轮的复习过
程中要多加注意。另外还要注意状语从句
与定语从句和名词性从句的判断;状语从
句与非谓语动词的关系;状语从句与强调
句的辨别等问题。
专题十二 │ 正面解读
正面解读
•
状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句
子的含义,它可表示时间、地点、原因、
目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让
步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导,有
时由一个起连词作用的词组引导。
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
•类型
一、各种状语从句分类及其连词一览表
连词(词组)
•
when,as,while,before,after,
时间状语
从句
原因状语
从句
地点状语
since,once,till/until,as soon as,
hardly…when…,no sooner…than,
the moment,immediately,directly,
instantly, every time, each time, next
time, the first time
because,as,since(既然),in that,
seeing (that),now (that),
considering (that)
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
类型
让步状语
从句
结果状语
从句
目的状语
从句
方式状语
从句
比较状语
连词(词组)
(as) though,even if/though,while,
however,whatever,no matter…
so…that…, so that, such…that…
so that,in order that, in case, for fear
that
as,just as,as if/though
as…as,than,the more…the more
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
• 如:
• 1.
[2009·辽宁卷] It just isn't fair. I
was working as a waiter last month,
________ my friends were lying on the
beach.
•
A.whenever
B.though
•
C.for
D.while
•
【解析】 D while 在这里表对比。句
意为:这太不公了,上个月我在做服务生
的工作,而我的朋友们躺在海滩上。
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
• 2.
[2009·湖南卷] ________ the
police thought he was the most likely one,
since they had no exact proof about it,
they could not arrest him.
•
A.Although
B.As long as
•
C.If only
D.As soon as
•
【解析】 A 句意为:尽管警察认为他
最有可能,但是由于没有确凿的证据,他
们不能逮捕他。although引导让步状语从句。
选A。as long as意为“只要”,表示条件;
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
• 二、学习状语从句应该注意的几个问题
•
状语从句考查热点在引导时间、地点、
条件、让步、比较、原因、目的及方式状
语从句的连词及时态等方面。要选择正确
的连词,需要正确理解句子的含义,准确
判断主从句的逻辑关系,同时还要注意区
分词义相近的连词、介词和副词。在备考
中,要注意以下四点:
• 1.
注意连词的选用
•
不同的状语从句使用不同的连词,有时
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
•
•
•
•
•
如:Take your umbrella in case it
should rain. 带上你的雨伞,以防下雨。(目
的状语从句)
In case there's a fire, what will you do
first?万一发生火灾,你首先会做什么?(条
件状语从句, in case通常在句首)
2.
注意主句和状语从句的时态
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,从
句的时态往往有一定的限制。 一般来说,
主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时或现在
完成时。如:
I'll go if he invites me.
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
• 3.
注意倒装语序
•
not until…, no sooner…than…,
hardly…when…等引导的句子,句子的主
句部分的语序需要作一些调整,而状语从
句用正常语序。但是as(引导让步状语从句),
no matter how等,从句部分的语序需要做
些调整。如:
•
No sooner had she got there than she
called me up. (no sooner所在部分使用了
倒装结构)
专题十二 │ 考点荟萃
• 4.
注意状语从句的简化(紧缩现象)
•
有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让
步的状语从句,如果谓语部分含有动词be,
主语又和主句的主语一致(或相同),或从句
主语为it,常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的
一部分(特别是be)省略掉。如:
•
Look out for cars while crossing the
street.
•
He said that he would like to offer help
if necessary.
专题十二 │ 反面解读
反面解读
• 1.
【误】 In such dry weather, the
flowers will have to be watered if they are
going to survive.
•
【正】 In such dry weather, the
flowers will have to be watered if they are
to survive.
•
【解析】 if从句中不能用表示将来的will,
be going to等,但可以使用if sb./sth. is to
专题十二 │ 反面解读
• 2.
【误】 You will be late unless you
will leave immediately.
•
【正】 You will be late unless you leave
immediately.
• 【解析】 时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,
用一般现在时表示将来意义。
• 3.
【误】 Stay there where you are.
•
【正】 Stay where you are.
•
【解析】 where可以引导从句作地点状语,
因此there是多余的,此句也可以是:Stay in
the place where you are. 此时where引导的是
专题十二 │ 反面解读
• 4.
【误】 Mum would not let him buy it,
as if he had enough money!
•
【正】 Mum would not let him buy it, even
if he had enough money!
•
【解析】 从前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系
可知,应用even if。even if即使;as if好像。
• 5.
【误】 Not until I began to work I
realized how much time I had wasted.
•
【正】 Not until I began to work did I
realize how much time I had wasted.
•
【解析】 not until…置于句首时,主句应
专题十二 │ 反面解读
• 6. 【误】 I won't agree with no matter what
you may say.
•
【正】 I won't agree with whatever you
may say.
•
【正】 Whatever/ No matter what you
may say, I won't agree.
•
【解析】 whatever引导的从句作agree
with的宾语,即作宾语从句,whatever不能与
no matter what替换。而引导状语从句时可替
换,如第二句话。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.
[2010·上海卷] ________ our
manager objects to Tom's joining the club,
we shall accept him as a member.
•
A.Until B.Unless C.If D.After
•
【解析】 B 考查连词。句意为:除非
我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部,不然我们都
应接受他成为其中的一员。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 2.[2009·重庆卷] Peter was so excited
________ he received an invitation from
his friend to visit Chongqing.
•
A.where B.that C.why D.when
•
【解析】 D 句意为:当皮特收到朋友
的邀请来参观重庆时,他非常兴奋。when
引导了时间状语从句, 该题易误选B。that
不能作为答案的原因是前后的逻辑关系不
成立。
•
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 3. [2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Mary made coffee
________ her guests were finishing their
meal.
•
A.so that B.although C.while
D.as if
•
【解析】 C 考查状语从句引导词的用
法。while这里表示“在……期间”。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 4.
[2010·重庆卷] Today,we will
begin ________ we stopped yesterday so
that no point will be left out.
•
A.when B.where
C.how
D.what
•
【解析】 B 考查状语从句引导词。
where在这里引导地点状语从句。句意为:
今天我们从昨天停止的地方开始,这样就
不会遗漏要点了。
• 5.
[2009·上海卷] You can't borrow
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 6.
You may wear the clothes
________ you wash them afterwards.
•
A.so far as
B.as long as
•
C.in case
D.even if
•
【解析】 B 考查状语从句的用法。句
意为:只要你后来把衣服洗干净,你就可
以穿它们。as long as只要。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 7.
________ the Internet is of great
help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend
too much time on it.
•
A.If B.While C.Because D.As
•
【解析】 B 考查连词辨析。句意为:
尽管因特网很有帮助,但我认为在上面花
太多时间不是个好主意。while意为“尽
管”,用来引导让步状语从句。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 8.[2010·上海卷] ________you may have,
you should gather your courage to face
the challenge.
•
A.However a serious problem
•
B.What a serious problem
•
C.However serious a problem
•
D.What serious a problem
•
【解析】 C 考查让步状语从句。根据
句意“无论你有多么严重的问题,你都应
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 9.
[2010·北京卷] ________they
decide which college to go to,students
should research the admission procedures.
•
A.As B.While C.Until D.Once
•
【解析】 D 本题考查连词。they
decide which college to go to表示时间,用
once(一旦)。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 10.Please do something for the Hope
Project, ________ many children in poor
areas will be able to go back to school.
•
A.while B.so that
C.or D.but
•
【解析】 B 考查状语从句的用法。句
意为:请为希望工程做点事,以便让贫困
地区的很多孩子能回到学校。 so that引导
目的状语从句,意为“以便”。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 11.Always put yourself in others' shoes.
________you feel that it hurts you,it
probably hurts other persons too.
•
A.If B.Unless C.Until D.Though
•
【解析】 A 句意为:要设身处地地为
别人着想, 如果一件事会伤害到你, 别人
的感觉可能也一样。
•
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 12.________I appreciate the honor,I
could not accept the position. I want to
spend more time on my present job.
•
A.While B.Since C.Yet D.So
•
【解析】 A I appreciate the honor 和I
could not accept the position 之间是让步关
系,这几个词中只有while可以引导让步状
语从句。句意为:尽管我喜欢这个荣誉,
但我不能接受这个职位。我想在目前所做
的工作上花更多的时间。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 13.—How do you find the new job?
•
—It's hard to find ________work so
that I hardly care what it is ________I can
make a living.
•
A.satisfied; as long as
•
B.satisfied; as far as
•
C.satisfying; as long as
•
D.satisfying; as far as
•
【解析】 C 本题综合考查现在分词作
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 14.[2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Tom was about to
close the window ________ his attention
was caught by a bird.
•
A.when B.if C.and D.till
•
【解析】 A 考查状语从句连接词。be
about to do…when…是常用句型,表示
“正要……这时……”。
• 15.________I toured Zhangjiajie, I was
deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
•
A.For the first time
B.At
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 16.[2010·四川卷] Because of the heavy
traffic,it was already time for lunch break
________ she got to her office.
•
A.since
B.that
•
C.when
D.until
•
【解析】 C 考查连词词义辨析。从句
意“当她到达时,已经是午餐时间了”,
知道这里是表示时间“当……时”故用
when。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 17.[2010·安徽卷] The engineers are so
busy that they have zero time for outdoor
sports activities,________ they have the
interest.
•
A.wherever
B.whenever
•
C.even if
D.as if
•
【解析】 C 考查状语从句。句意为:
工程师们这么忙,以致即使他们有兴趣,
也没有一点时间进行户外活动。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 18.[2010·陕西卷] John thinks it won't be
long________ he is ready for his new job.
•
A.when
B.after
•
C.before
D.since
•
【解析】 C 本题考查连词。根据句子
意思:不久他就会做好新工作的准备。直
译为:在他为新工作做好准备之前,用不
了多久。It will (not) be long before 是一个
固定句式。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 19.Too high house prices can be brought
under control,________ the authorities
introduce a series of regulatory policies.
•
A.even if
B.as if
•
C.so that
D.provided that
•
【解析】 D 本题考查条件状语从句。
even if意为“即使”;as if意为“好像”;
so that意为“以便于”;provided that意为
“假如”。句意为:如果官方采取一系列
的监管政策,过高的房价可能会得到控制。
专题十二 │ 实战演练
• 20.—The thread of my kite broke and it
flew away.
•
—I told you it would easily break
________ it was the weakest.
•
A.when B.for C.since D.where
•
【解析】 D 考查状语从句。where引
导状语从句,并在从句中作状语。where it
was the weakest意思是:在最薄的地方。
•
解读特殊句式
考点荟萃
•
特殊句式在近几年高考题中
所占分量居中,各套试题中至
少有一道小题考查特殊句式。
主要考查倒装句、省略替代、
强调句以及感叹句和反意疑问
句。
正面解读
• 一、倒装
•
口诀速记:
•
副词开头要倒装,人称代词则如常。only
修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装。否定意义副
连词,“既不……也不”需倒装。表语前置
主语长,衔接自然常倒装。such代词作表语,
引起主谓要倒装。not only开头句,前一分句
需倒装。had,were,should虚拟句,省略if
半倒装。
•
•
倒装分两类:全部倒装和部分倒装。全部
倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之
前。实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语
之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动
词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的
谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动
词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1.全部倒装的情况
使用场合
例句
(1)there引导的 ①There is a book in
存在句
the bag. ②There
came shouts for
help from the river.
备注
常见动词有be,
come, lie,
happen, appear,
seem, stand,
exist, live,
remain等。
(2)在here,
①Here comes the
①谓语常是表示
there, away, in, bus.②There goes
方位或位移的不
out, down, up, the train. ③In
及物动词lie,
off, now, then rushed the children. live, sit, stand,
开头的句子里 ④Now comes your be, come, go,
turn.
run, rise等。②
主语是人称代词
(3)介词短语或 ①Between the
时,不倒装。如:
方位词组作地 buildings stands a
点状语位于句 tall tree. ②South of There he
comes.
首
the city lies a steel
factory.
使用场合
•(4)代词such
作表语,意为
“这样的人,
这样的物”,
应置于句首
例句
备注
①Such were the
主谓一致
facts.
②Such was Albert
Einstein.
(5)平衡句子 They reached a
主谓一致
结构或使上下 farmhouse, in front
of which sat a
文衔接紧密
small boy.
• 2. 部分倒装的情况
使用场合
(1)so, neither,
nor开头的句
子,表示“也
一样、也不”
(2)含有否定意
义的副词(词
组),如:
never, seldom,
hardly, little,
nowhere, by
no means, at
no time等置于
例句
①I like sports,
and so does my
brother. ②If you
go, so will I. ③He
hasn't come, nor
have his sisters.
④If you don't go,
neither shall I.
备注
①使用正确的助动
词。②当so表示对
前句内容的肯定和
附和时,用自然语
序。如:—Tom
works hard. —So
he does and so do
you. (他的确很用
功,你也是。)
①Hardly can I
little作形容词,修
believe that. ②
饰主语时,仍用正
Seldom does he 常语序。如:Little
write to me. ③By Franz often played
no means shall
the piano.
we give up. ④
Little did I know
who he was.
专题十三 │ 正面解读
使用场合
例句
备注
(3)only修饰状
语(从句),并
置于句首时,
主句中要部分
倒装
Only when the
only修饰主语时不
rain stopped did 倒装。如:Only
the match start he can do it.
again.
(4)not
only…but
(also)…连接
两个分句,not
only置于句首
Not only should
we study
science, but also
we should pay
attention to
politics.
not only引导的部
分要部分倒装,但
but (also)部分不倒
装。若not
only…but (also)…
连接两个主语,句
子不倒装。
使用场合
(5)Not
until …Hardly
…when…No
sooner…than
…So…that…
Such…that…
例句
①Not until yesterday
did I realize what
trouble he was in. ②
Hardly had I entered the
room when the
telephone rang. ③So
angry was he that he
couldn't speak. ④Such
great progress did he
make that he was
praised.
(6)省略if的虚 ①Were he (=If he
拟条件句,将 were ) here now, I could
were,had,
ask him. ②Should he
should 移至主 (=If he should) come,
tell him to ring me up.
语前
备注
主倒从不倒,
即主句部分
用倒装语序,
从句部分用
陈述语序。
若条件句中
不含were,
had,
should则不
宜倒装。
使用场合
例句
(7)祝愿句
May you succeed!
(8)as或though引
导让步状语从句
引起的倒装。句
型是:表语/状语/
动词原形+
as/though+主语
①Young as he is,
he knows a lot.
②Much as I like it,
I will not buy it. ③
Try as he might,
he could not find a
job.
备注
①though引导让
步状语从句也可
不倒装。②表语
前的冠词要省略。
如:Hero as he
is, he has some
shortcomings.
• 二、省略
•
在英语中,有时为了避免结构上或内容上
的重复,并使上下文紧密连接;有时因为语
法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不
需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。英语中
的省略要求不破坏语法结构,要保持句子意
义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略,也有
句法上的省略,还有一种替代省略。省略部
分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境
中找到而且是有章可循的,英语的省略大致
有以下几种情况:
• 1.介词的省略
• 一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常
省略,而保留其后的动名词。常见的句型有:
spend some time (in) doing sth.;be busy (in)
doing sth.;have difficulty (in) doing sth.;
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
• 2.连词that 的省略
•
I believe (that) he will come here.
•
It's a pity (that) he will leave this city.
• 3.定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
• (1) 在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代
词whom, which, that可省略。
• 如:The teacher (who/whom/that) I talked
with was Mr. Meng.
• (2) 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相
关的名词性从句中,应用虚拟语气形式
“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。
如:
• She suggests that we (should) go at once.
• 4.动词不定式省略,只保留to的场合。
• 不定式作某些动词的宾语时,常见的动词有
expect, refuse, mean, like, love, hope,want
等。如:He went home that day though he
didn't want to.
• 三、反意疑问句
• 1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
• 当must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问部分用
needn't;当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时,
其反意疑问部分用must;当must表示推测,
作“一定,准是”讲时,反意疑问部分的动
词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。如:
•
You must go now, needn't you?
•
你现在必须走,是不是?
•
You mustn't smoke here, must you?
•
你不能在这里吸烟,是吧?
• You must have watched that football match
last night, didn't you? 你昨晚一定是看足球
比赛了, 是吧?
• 2.陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句
•
陈述部分含有used to时,其反意疑问部分
用usedn't或didn't均可。如:
• You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?
•
你过去常常踢足球,是吗?
• 3.陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句
• 其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。
如:He ought to attend the meeting,
oughtn't/shouldn't he?
•
他应该参加会议,是不是?
• 4.否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句
•
当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely,
never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或
半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
如:He could hardly get up, could he?
•
他几乎起不来了,是不是?
• 5.陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构
成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如:
•
Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?
•
玛丽不喜欢体育运动,不是吗?
• 6.含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
•
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的
主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但当主句是:I
think,I believe, I suppose, I expect, I
imagine等结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动
词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:
• He said that he would come here on time,
didn't he?
• I don't think he will come here on time, will he?
• 7.祈使句的反意疑问句
•
祈使句后加附加问句,不表示反意,而表
示一种语气。其结构为:否定祈使句,+will
you?
• 肯定祈使句,+ will/won't you? Let's…,
+ shall we? Let us…, + will you?如:
•
Open the door, will you?
•
Let's go out for a walk, shall we?
•
Let us go to school, will you?
•
注意:
• (1)
反意疑问句的回答
•
不要看汉语如何翻译,只看所提到的事情
是否发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则
用否定回答。如:当对方问你“You aren't
a teacher, are you?”或“You are a
teacher, aren't you?”时,如果你是老师,
回答“Yes, I am. ”否则,回答“No, I am
not. ”
• (2)
反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主
语在人称、数上需要注意的几种情况
this, that
反意
疑问
部分
主语
it
these, those
they 复数
陈述部分主语
everything,
anything,
something,
nothing
it
疑问
部分
谓语
的数
单数
单数
例句
This is a bike,isn't it?
These are not your
books, are they?
Nothing has
happened, has it?
陈述部分主语
反意疑 疑问部分
问部分 谓语的数
主语
例句
everyone,
everybody,
someone,
he或 单数或复 Nobody likes to be
somebody, no they(更
laughed
at,
does
one, anybody,
数
he/do they?
常见)
anyone,
anybody, none,
neither
Learning English
不定式、动名词、
it
well takes a lot of
主语从句、其他
单数
time, doesn't it?
短语
①There is no
单数或复
there be句型
there
doubt
about
it,
is
数
there?
• 四、强调句
•
一个句子中除谓语外的任何成分均可借助It
be…that…予以强调,被强调部分置于be之后。
无论被强调的是人﹑物﹑时间﹑地点还是方式
一律用that, 只有强调人时也可用who。被强调
的人称代词主格或宾格如I /me,其形式不可
变动,即被强调的任何成分必须原封不动地放
到be之后。一个句子,如果将其中的It
is/was…that去掉,在不加减任何词语的情况
下,语序稍作调整能构成一个完整正确的句子,
便可以认定为强调句,否则就不是强调句。
反面解读
• 1.【误】 Did he begin to learn English
only when he was 30 years old.
•
【正】 He began to learn English only
when he was 30 years old.
•
【解析】 当only和所修饰的状语位于句
首时引起部分倒装,如果不在句首时,则
不倒装,此外,当only用于修饰名词或代词
时,也不倒装,如:Only the grownups
are allowed to see the film.
• 2.【误】 Not only can he repair bikes but
can he repair televisions.
•
【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but
he can repair televisions.
•
【解析】 not only…but (also)…的部分
倒装,其结构为:not only+倒装语序,but
also+语序不变。此外,当not only…but
also…位于句首连接两个并列的主语时,主
谓也不倒装,如:Not only I but also she
will get married next year.
• 3.【误】 —I seldom watch TV, but listen
to the radio a lot.
•
—So do I.
•
【正】 —I seldom watch TV, but listen
to the radio a lot.
•
—So it is with me.
•
【解析】 若前面为两个或两个以上的
分句,表示不同的主语与前面有关的各种
情况相同,往往用:
•
so it is/was with +主语或者是it is/was
the same with +主语。
• 4.【误】 A child as/though he is, he is
very brave.
•
【正】 Child as/though he is, he is
very brave.
•
【解析】 由as/though引导的表示“虽
然,尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序,
把从句的表语或状语等放在as/though的前
面,但是如果从句中的表语是名词,其名
词前不加任何冠词。
• 5.【误】 —Are you a sailor?—No, but I
used to.
•
【正】 —Are you a sailor? —No, but I
used to be.
•
【解析】 动词不定式的省略:在同一
句或联系紧密的对话里,常把不定式符号to
后内容相同的部分省略,只保留to,但如果
省略的不定式内容有作助动词用的have或
be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形have 或
be。
• 6.【误】 —Are you and Jane getting
married?—We hope.
•
【正】 —Are you and Jane getting
married?—We hope to.
•
【解析】 动词不定式在like, love, care,
want, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, decide,
mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,
为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,
但要保留不定式符号to。
• 7.【误】 I came not to scold but praise
you.
•
【正】 I came not to scold but to praise
you.
•
【解析】 在并列结构中为了避免重复,
后一个to常省略,但两个不定式有对照或对
比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略。
实战演练
• 1.[2009·辽宁卷] ________ is the power of
TV that it can make a person suddenly
famous.
•
A.Such B.This C.That D.So
•
【答案】 A
• 2.Hearing the dog barking fiercely,
away________.
• A.fleeing the boy B.was fleeing the boy
•
C.the boy was fleeing D.fled the boy
•
【答案】 D
• 3.He is rather difficult to make friends
with,but the friendship of his,________,
is truer than any other.
•
A.once gained
B.when to gain
•
C.after gained
D.while gaining
•
【解析】 A 这是once it is gained的省
略,句意为:……但是一旦获得了和他的
友谊,要比其他人的要真诚得多。
• 4.Not until quite recently ________ that
language is closely related to culture.
• A.he realized
B.did he realize
• C.had he realized
D.he did realize
• 【解析】 B not until引导的短语置于句首,
后面要用部分倒装结构,所以要排除A和D;
此外,句子中没有明显的“过去的过去”标
志词,所以不能用过去完成时,故C项也得排
除。
• 5.Casey, ________ to the classroom and
see who it is there.
•
A.going
B.go
•
C.to go
D.gone
•
【解析】 B 该题带有吩咐口吻,且
Casey为呼语,因此题干应为祈使句,即以
动词原形开头。
• 6.I don't suppose anyone will be willing
to do the hard job, ________?
• A.do I
B.don't I
• C.will they
D.won't they
• 【解析】 C I think/suppose/believe引导
的宾语从句的反意疑问句,存在否定转移
的习惯,且反意疑问句的主语应与从句主
语一致,选C。
• 7.[2010·重庆卷] At the meeting place of
the Yangtze River and the Jialing River
________,one of the ten largest cities in
China.
•
A.lies Chongqing
•
B.Chongqing lies
•
C.does lie Chongqing
•
D.does Chongqing lie
•
【解析】 A 考查倒装句。为了表示强
调,把作状语的介词短语提到句首,此时
句子采用完全倒装的语序。
• 8.Go straight into the cave and find out
what's in it, ________?
•
A.can't you
B.don't you
•
C.are you
D.will you
• 【解析】 D 考查反意疑问句。这是一个祈
使句,对祈使句构成反意疑问句用will you?
• 9.[2010·四川卷] We laugh at jokes,but
seldom ________ about how they work.
•
A.we think
B.think we
•
C.we do think
D.do we think
•
【解析】 D 考查倒装用法。seldom,
hardly,never,no等具有否定意义的词位于
句首句子用部分倒装语序。
• 10.—I've read three books this week.
•
—Well, maybe ________ is not how
much you read but what you read that
counts.
•
A.this B.that C.there D.it
• 【解析】 D 考查强调句型的用法。把
“________ is”和句中的that省略后,该句
话依旧成立,由此可知该题是强调句型的
结构,所以答案只能用it。
• 11.In Switzerland, six miles west of
Geneva,________a collection of
laboratory buildings.
•
A.lie B.are lying C.lies D.lays
•
【答案】 C
• 12.________in the root of his family that
he decided to make a trip to Africa for
further research.
•
A.So interested Kunta was
•
B.So interested was Kunta
•
C.How interested Kunta was
•
D.Kunta was such interested
•
【解析】 B 考查倒装句。so…that这
个固定句式中的so及其修饰成分提到句首
时,句子倒装,因此B项正确。
• 13.[2010·四川卷] If you have a job,
________ yourself to it and finally you'll
succeed.
•
A.do devote
B.don't devote
•
C.devoting D.not devoting
•
【解析】 A 考查祈使句用法。If引导从
句,所以此处应该填入可以构成主句的词,
这里是祈使句,do表示强调。
• 14.________for the worst in advance
and you won't be disappointed.
•
A.Prepare
B.When
preparing
•
C.Having prepared
D.If you
prepare
•
【解析】 A 祈使句和and连用相当于
条件状语从句的用法。原句=If you
prepare for the worst in advance,you
won't be disappointed.
• 15.—He has to finish the experiment
today. He must be in the lab,________?
•
—That's quite possible.
•
A.mustn't he
B.won't he
•
C.doesn't he
D.isn't he
•
【解析】 D 该题考查反意疑问句。
must be结构中的中心词应为be,且He
must be in the lab相当于I think he is in the
lab,故应用isn't he。
•专题十四 正反解读主谓一致
与数词
专题十四 │ 正面解读
•
•
主谓一致
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与
主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来,高
考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、
承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。
• 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况
• 1.
由and, both…and…连接两个主语
时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
•
Both the teacher and the students are
working hard.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
•
•
•
•
•
•
但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个
人、同一事物或同一概念,且第二个名词
前没有冠词等限定词时;另外,and连接的
两个名词前有each,every等修饰语时,谓
语动词用单数。如:
The knife and fork lies on the table.
2.
“the+形容词或过去分词”指一
类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The wounded were sent to the hospital
at once.
3.
the people/cattle/police作主语时,
谓语动词用复数形式。如:
After hearing the news, the people
present were all crying.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况
• 1.
单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词,
如something/somebody,
everything/everybody, anything/anybody,
nothing/nobody作主语时,谓语动词用单数
形式。如:
•
Anybody who breaks the law is to be
punished.
• 2.
不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语,
谓语动词用单数形式。如:
•
Looking after the baby is my job.
• 3.
学科名词,以s结尾的单数名词,以s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Physics is hard to study.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 4.
单数名词+ with, along with,
together with,as well as,rather than, as
much as, but, except, besides, such as,
like, including等作主语时,谓语动词仍用
单数形式。如:
•
Tom as well as two of his friends was
invited to the party.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 三、使用就近原则的情况
•
or, either…or, neither…nor, not
only…but also, not…but连接两个主语时,
谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如:
•
Either the students or their teacher
dislikes basketball,otherwise they would
take part in the basketball match.
• 四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况
• 若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;
若侧重于个体,谓语动词用复数形式。常
见的集体名词有:class, family,
population, committee等。如:
•
The whole family are farmers.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 五、几个具体情况
• 1.
none作主语时,谓语动词多用复数
形式,也可用单数形式。如:
•
None of this money is yours.
•
None of these suggestions are very
helpful.
• 2.a number of+复数名词,谓语动词用复
数形式,the number of+复数名词,谓语
动词用单数形式。如:
•
A number of students study at home
nowadays on weekends.
•
The number of students in my class is
63.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 3.
one of+复数名词,后面跟定语从
句时,谓语动词用复数形式,即与复数名
词一致;the (only) one of+复数名词,谓
语动词用单数形式,即与the (only) one一
致。如:
•
He is one of the students who are
against the plan.
•
The only one of the students who is to
be punished is Tom.
• 4.“some+复数名词”作主语时,谓语
动词用复数形式; some+单数名词作主
语时,some意为“某个”,谓语动词用单
数形式。如:
•
Some student is on duty today.
•
Some students in my class are very
lazy.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 5.
trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors
等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,
但a pair of…的结构作主语时,谓语动词用
单数形式。如:
•
This pair of glasses is expensive.
• 6.单复数同形的名词作主语。
•
英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时,
应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复
数,常见的这类名词有works(工厂),
police(警察),sheep(绵羊),deer(鹿),
fish(鱼),means(方法),species(种类),
Chinese(中国人),Japanese(日本人);
Swiss(瑞士人);series(系列)等。如:
•
Every possible means has been used to
prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still
not clear.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 7.
what /whoever /which引导的主语
从句充当主语时,有时要看what /whoever
/which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的
数。如:
•
What he said is true.
•
What we need are more volunteers.
• 8.
“分数(百分数)+of +名词”作主
语时,谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定。
如:
•
Onethird of us are boys.
•
Twofifths of water is clear.
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 9.
“more than one /many a +单数
名词”作主语时,尽管其意义复数,但谓
语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than +
复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
•
数词
•
数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数
和概数。复习时要注意下面问题:
• 1.
基数词的意义:表示事物数量的多
少,特别是hundred,thousand,million等,
前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词
时,它们只能用单数。
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 2.
序数词一般由基数词+th构成。以
y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,
再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规
则的序数词有:first, second, third, fifth,
eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定
冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再
一;又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。
• 3.
另外要注意年代的表达“the+年
代s或the +年代's”和名词与数词的关系:
“the+序数词+名词” 或 “名词+基数词”
等。
专题十四 │ 正面解读
• 4.
分数的形式:分子用基数词,分母
用序数词,当基数词大于“1”时,序数词要
用复数形式。
• 5.
小数的组成和读法:小数点读作
point,小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读,
小数点后面的数按数字读。
专题十四 │ 反面解读
• 1.
单句改错
• (1) One or perhaps more pages is missing.
•
【解析】 is改为are。由or连接两个名
词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与靠近它
的主语一致。
• (2) Large quantities of food was carried to
the city.
•
【解析】 was改为were。“large
quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词”作
主语,谓语动词用复数形式,即与
quantities一致。
专题十四 │ 反面解读
• (3) All he said are wrong.
•
【解析】 are改为is。all 作主语时,若all
为复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式,若all为一
个整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
• (4) The teacher, as well as his students, are
going to see the film this afternoon.
•
【解析】 are改为is。当as well as连接两
个名词时,谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。
专题十四 │ 反面解读
• 2.
【误】 Several millions people in
the world are sending information by email
every day.
•
【正】 Several million people in the
world are sending information by email every
day.
•
【解析】 在million,hundred等前如果有
具体数字或 several等词修饰时,要用单数形
式。但在表示不确切数目时用复数,如:表示
“数百万”,应为millions of。
专题十四 │ 反面解读
• 3.
The company had about 20
computers but only onethird ________ used
regularly. Now we have 60 working all day
long.
•
A.is B.are C.was D.were
•
【误】 学生可能以为onethird是分数,谓
语动词应该用单数而误选A 或C; 另外学生也
可能不确定句子的时态而误选B。
•
【正】 答案为D。
•
【解析】 本题中的onethird指代的是
computers的三分之一,因此此处谓语动词要
用复数形式,且该句话说的是过去的事情。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
实战演练
• 1.[2009·山东卷] The number of foreign
students attending Chinese universities
________ rising steadily since 1990.
•
A.is B.are C.has been D.have
been
•
【解析】 C 主语是 the number,故谓
语动词用单数,又因时间状语是since 1990,
所以用完成时态。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 2.
—Did you go to the show last
night?
•
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the
area ________ invited.
•
A.were
B.have been
•
C.has been
D.was
•
【解析】 D 由and连接的两个名词同
时被every,each或no修饰时,谓语动词用
单数。再从问句的 last night可以看出,应
为过去时。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 3.
[2009·四川卷] The teacher
together with the students ________
discussing Reading Skills that ________
newly published in America.
•
A.are; were
B.is; were
•
C.are; was
D.is; was
•
【解析】 D 第一空谓语要和the
teacher一致;第二空that指代Reading
Skills这本书, 谓语应用单数形式。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 4.
Shortly after the accident,two
________ police were sent to the spot to
keep order.
•
A.dozens of
B.dozens
•
C.dozens' of
D.dozen
•
【解析】 D dozen, score,hundred,
thousand,million等名词前面有数词或
several等词修饰时,这些词一般不用复数
形式,但在下列短语中加s,并与of连用:
dozens of (许多的),hundreds of (成百的),
thousands of (上千的),millions of (数百万
的)。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 5.
He did it ________ it took me.
•
A.one third a time
•
B.one third time
•
C.the one third time
•
D.one third the time
•
【解析】 D 考查句子结构分析和倍数
表达法。句意为:他做这件事只用了我(做
这件事)三分之一的时间。这句话包含一个
定语从句,修饰the time,只是关系词已省
略。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 6.
[2010·四川卷] Such poets as
Shakespeare ________ widely read,of
whose works,however,some ________
difficult to understand.
•
A.are;are B.is;is
•
C.are;is
D.is;are
•
【解析】 A 考查主谓一致。第一空
poets作主语,谓语用are,第二空some of
his works作主语,表示复数的概念,依然
用are。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 7.
[2010·湖南卷] Listening to loud
music at rock concerts________ caused
hearing loss in some teenagers.
•
A.is B.are C.has D.have
•
【解析】 C 考查主谓一致和时态。根据
动名词短语作主语,句子的谓语动词用单数
形式,由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与
caused的主动关系,排除A,选C。
• 8.
The secretary and headmaster of
the school ________the meeting.
•
A.were going to B.are going to
•
C.are having
D.is to attend
• 【解析】 D 只有and前的名词前有冠词,
表示“书记兼校长”,指同一个人,选D。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 9.
[2009·陕西卷] Dr. Smith, together
with his wife and daughters, ________visit
Beijing this summer.
•
A.is going to
•
B.are going to
•
C.was going to
•
D.were going to
•
【解析】 A 考查动词时态和主谓一致。
主语是Dr. Smith,表单数,谓语动词用单
数形式;时间状语是this summer, 表计划性
的将来,故时态用一般将来时,选A。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 10.Either you or one of your students
________to attend the match that is due
Tuesday.
•
A.are B.is C.have D.be
•
【解析】 B 考查主谓一致的用法。
either…or…连接两个主语,按就近原则来
确定谓语的单复数。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 11.An average of 130,000 Chinese
________ abroad for studies every year
over the past few years, boosting
exchanges in the educational fields.
•
A.was going
•
B.have been going
•
C.has been going
•
D.are going
•
【解析】 B 考查主谓一致及时态。该
句的主语是An average of 130,000
Chinese,故应将答案锁定在B、D中。由
于短语over the past few years知用现在完
成进行时。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 12.What the science teacher does and
says ________ of great importance to
college students.
•
A.was B.are C.is D.were
•
【解析】 C 考查主谓一致。句意为:
这个科学老师所做的和所说的对大学生很
重要。and连接的主语表示同一件事的两个
方面,表示单数含义,谓语动词用单数形
式。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 13.Since he became a taxi driver, his
income is________ as before.
•
A.three times as many
•
B.more than three times
•
C.three times as much
•
D.as three times
•
【解析】 C 考查倍数的表达方法。正
确形式应为:倍数+as+形容词、副词的
原级+as; 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+
than…故答案为C。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 14.[2010·陕西卷] It is reported that many
a new house ________at present in the
disaster area.
•
A.are being built
•
B.were being built
•
C.was being built
•
D.is being built
•
【解析】 D 本题考查动词时态和主谓
一致。many a加名词单数,谓语动词要用
单数形式,排除A、B,at present表明了
“现在”排除C。
专题十四 │ 实战演练
• 15.—What is the model plane like?
•
—Well, the wings of the plane are
________ of its body.
•
A.more than the length twice
•
B.more than twice the length
•
C.more than the twice length
•
D.more twice than the length
•
【解析】 B 考查倍数句型。根据倍数
句型的构成“A+is+倍数词+the+length
等+of+B”选择B项。答语意为“机翼的长
度是机身长度的两倍多”。more than
twice意为“两倍多”。