Transcript CLASSIFYING TRAITS (I) TAXONOMIES & TYPOLOGIES JUNG’S TAXONOMY 3 dimensions YORK & JOHN’S TYPOLOGY.

CLASSIFYING TRAITS (I)
TAXONOMIES & TYPOLOGIES
JUNG’S TAXONOMY
3 dimensions
YORK & JOHN’S TYPOLOGY
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ambitious
awkward
bitter
boastful
boring
brave
careful
cheerful
chic
clever
clumsy
clumsy
cowardly
creative
dainty
dignified
dishonest
dull
excitable
fanciful
forgiving
ecstatic
energetic
gentle
glamorous
gutless
handsome
hateful
honest
hot-tempered
imaginative
intelligent
kind
lazy
lonely
loving
loyal
mean
mushy
neat
patient
poetic
practical
proud que lio !
quarrelsome
romantic
sarcastic
self-centered
selfish
shy
silly
sincere
sloppy
smug
somber
stingy
stubborn
stupid
sullen
superstitious
sweet
understanding
vain
wasteful
wise
How can we best organize & classify the thousands and
thousands of existing traits ?
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TAXONOMIES
8 Groups of Basic Elements
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PERSONALITY TAXONOMIES ?
Can psychologists reliably identify a
basic set of trait categories
(dimensions) upon which all
personality dispositions can be placed
on or understood?
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YES! ……..
Jung’s 3 basic & broad trait
dimensions:
• Extroversion-Introversion
• Thinking-Feeling
• Sensing-Intuiting
‘Big Five’
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JUNG’S TAXONOMY
• Rationally (vs. empirically) derived
• 3 basic dimensions (elements):
• Extroversion-Introversion
• Thinking-Feeling
• Sensing-Intuiting
Both poles of each tendency exist in each of us but
one pole tends to predominate in our personality.
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Directionality of our psychological energy
Extroversion -------------- Introversion
Energy directed toward outer objective or inner subjective world
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…… plus 2 psychological processes:
• Thinking-Feeling
• Sensing-Intuiting
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How is information gathered (perception):
‘seeing is believing’
‘follow your intuitions’
Sensing ----------------------- Intuition
Preference for sensual perception (literal: what you see, touch, hear) vs.
unconscious perception (symbolic: vibes, impressions, intuitions)
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How is information used (processing):
‘be objective’
‘passion is everything’
Thinking ----------------------- Feeling
Information is dealt in a logical, objective way vs. in a personal,
emotionally-oriented way
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In summary ...
E
extroversion
S
sensing
T
thinking
Managing relationships
(energy)
Search behavior
(acquiring information)
Making decisions
(using information)
I
introversion
N
intuition
F
feeling
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MEASUREMENT OF JUNG’S DIMENSIONS?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; 1962)
Perhaps the most widely used test in the world
(particularly for personnel selection)
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TYPOLOGIES
Mineral Types: particular combination of elements
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PERSONALITY TYPOLOGIES ?
Can psychologists identify a
manageable set of personality types
(groups of people) representing unique
combinations of basic traits?
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JUNG’S TYPOLOGY
8 types based on all possible permutations of 3 basic
traits:
• Extroversion-Introversion
• Thinking-Feeling
• Sensing-Intuiting
2 x 2 x 2 = 8 types (or 16 if order is considered)
• Rationally-derived (vs. empirically)
• Moderate empirical support from applied psychologists
(but not popular among researchers)
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Learn from textbook about 8 types (e.g., thinking
extrovert vs. thinking introvert, etc.)
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‘NEW AGE’ TYPOLOGIES:
EXAMPLE:
THE ENNEGRAM
Take the understanding of the East,
and the knowledge of the West ...
and then seek.
G. I. GURDJIEFF (1866-1949)
• Rationally-derived (vs. empirically)
• Dubious (no empirical basis whatsoever)
• Other popular ‘typologies’: Chinese and Western Horoscopes
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YORK & JOHN’S (1992) 4 PROTO-TYPES
• Empirically-derived (ie., types naturally emerged from statistical
analyses of women’s self-descriptions on a wide selection of
personality measures)
Individuated
Traditional
Conflicted
Assured
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAXONOMY & TYPOLOGY ?
- TAXONOMY: Looking for basic dimensions -->identify groupings of
variables (traits) that share certain properties
- TYPOLOGY: Looking for basic types -->identify groupings of people
that share a unique combination of variables (traits)
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Question for the class:
For most of us, it would be hard to memorize traits
within each of these four types, why?
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Because within each type there are different kinds of
traits related to sociability, intelligence, warmth, etc.
It would help to know how predominant on each type
are particular categories of traits
… the ‘Big Five’ does exactly that!
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