Transcript Week 11 Summing up Tonight’s agenda • Discuss last week’s work – Thoughts about the Quality paper now that you have read it – Thoughts.

Week 11
Summing up
Tonight’s agenda
• Discuss last week’s work
– Thoughts about the Quality paper now that you
have read it
– Thoughts about the method of engaging in a
discussion
• Looking ahead to the rest of the semester
– Next week
– Presentions
• Tie together the pieces we have seen this
semester
The paper on Quality
• Strengths?
• Weaknesses?
• If you were a reviewer, would you want
to publish it?
• If you are designing a digital library,
would you refer to it?
• Any suggestions to that author?
Last week’s work
• A few people submitted their first
comments much too late for others to
respond to.
• There were some good interactions,
with comments about what was said in
a submission.
• Most people were very agreeable.
Looking ahead
• Next week
– Option one
• Go to the talk by Joseph Lucia
• Write 2 - 5 pages discussing both this talk and
his talk in this class
– Option two
• I will provide something to read and either
report on or discuss
• Preference?
Presentations
• No one has requested that we have class on
December 19 (week 16)
• Project presentations begin November 28,
continue for three weeks.
• Presentation
– Power point or other presentation of goals,
decisions, approach
– Demonstration of the working features of your
project
– Make sure each team member speaks
– Submit a report which has the same information
as the presentation, but in report format
Presentations - timing
• Send me a URL of your project by class time
on November 28
• Final report due to me no later than 5pm,
Friday, December 15. Earlier will be
appreciated, but do a good job.
– No disadvantage to those who present early
• E-mail me if you have a preferred date to
present
– You must be present for all
– I will honor preferences as much as possible,
make random choices where necessary
The teams
1. DL for University selection 6. Manakin Project
– Ganesh/Phaneendra
2. DL for Vatican video
archive
– Gayatri/Smita/Xiaoyan
– Moorthy Jayanthi
3. Domino DL
– Naomi Chin
4. New functionalities in
DSPACE
– Mode/Bukka/Kerray
5. Modify subject search in
Dspace
– Patipati/Ravi
– Gopikrishna/Kolahalam
7. HTPC front end
– Heller
8. Irish Music DL
– Nordengren/Harris/Malone
9. Art DL
– McCaffrey
10. Music DL UI using Manakin
– Tate
11. Music Dspace DL
– Huffner
12. Car DL
– Kashevarov
Timing
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13 projects on 12 topics
3 class meetings
4 - 5 projects per class
30 minutes per presentation
– That allows time for transistion from one
presentation to another
– Be well organized
• Load your presentation on my computer at beginning of
the session or bring your own computer if you prefer
Summing up
Let’s review
– What is a Digital
a managed collection of
information, with associated
services, where the information is
stored in digital formats and
Library? accessible over a network. - Wm
Arms 1999
• How does a DL differ from any web page that
provides information? A wiki, for instance? A furl
collection?
– The Vannevar Bush vision
• Who was Vannevar Bush?
– What is his position related to DLs?
– What is Gordon Bell’s MyLifeBits?
The 5S model
• What are the S-words?
– Streams
• The flow of information in various formats
– Structures
• Organizational aspects of the DL
– Spaces
• Organizational aspects of the DL
– Scenarios
• Services and behaviors
– Societies
• Communities and relationships among them
• Which have been most important to you in your
DL work?
5S summary
Model
Primitives
Formalisms
Objectives
Stream
Text; video, audio,
software program
Sequences, types
Describes properties of the DL
content, encoding and textual
material or particular forms of
multimedia data.
Structure
Collection, catalog;
hypertext; document;
metadata;
organizational tools
Graphs; nodes; links;
labels; hierarchies
Specifies organizational aspects
of the DL content
Space
User Interface;
index; retrieval
model
Sets; operations; vector Defines logical and
space; measure space; presentational views of several
probability space
DL components
Scenarios
Service, event;
condition; action
Sequence diagrams;
collaboration diagrams
Details the behavior of DL
services
Societies
Community;
managers; actors;
classes;
relationships;
attributes; operators
Object-oriented
modeling constructs;
design patterns
Defines managers responsible
for running DL services; actors
that use those services, and
relationships among them
Source: http://www.dlib.vt.edu/projects/5S-Model/
An example application of 5S Etana: A DL for an archeological site
Scenario
model
Society model
Archaeologist
General public
Services
Value added
Service Manager
Domain specific
Space model
Geographic space
Structure
model
Region
Stream
model
User interface
Text
*Partition
Video
Information Satisfaction
Metric space
Metadata
*Site
Repository building
*Sub-partition
Audio
Taxonomies
Spatial
Temporal
Artifact-specific
*Locus
Drawing
*Container
Photo
*Artifact
3D
Source: E. A. Fox http://feathers.dlib.vt.edu/
Content
• A DL without content is not much use
• Content requirements:
– Store (organize, describe)
– Find
– Deliver
• Describing content
– Metadata
• Standards, including Dublin Core
– Descriptive language: XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE recipe SYSTEM “recipe.dtd”>
<recipe>
An example XML file
<recipe-title> Meringue cookies</recipe-title>
<ingredient-list>
<ingredient>
<ingredient-amount>3 </ingredient-amount>
<ingredient-name> egg whites</ingredient-name>
</ingredient> <ingredient>
<ingredient-amount> 1 cup</ingredient-amount>
<ingredient-name> sugar</ingredient-name>
</ingredient> <ingredient>
<ingredient-amount>1 teaspoon </ingredient-amount>
<ingredient-name> vanilla</ingredient-name>
</ingredient> <ingredient>
<ingredient-amount>2 cups </ingredient-amount>
<ingredient-name>mini chocolate chips </ingredient-name>
</ingredient>
</ingredient-list>
<directions>Beat the egg whites until stiff. Stir in sugar, then vanilla. Gently fold in chocolate chips.
</directions>
</recipe>
Metadata for DL content
• Free text or controlled vocabularies
– Ease of processing
– Restricted descriptive capabilities
– When is each appropriate?
Dublin Core elements
see: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
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Title
Entity primarily responsible for •
Creator making content of the resource
•
Subject - C
•
Description
•
making the
Publisher Entity
resource available
to content •
Contributor Contributor
of the resource
Date YYYY-MM-DD, ex.
Ex: collection, dataset, •
Type - C event, image
What is needed to
display or operate the
resource.
Format - C
Identifier Unambiguous ID
Source
Language Standards RFC 3066,
ISO639
Relation Reference to related
resource
Coverage - C
Space, time, jurisdiction.
Management
Rights Rights
information
C = controlled vocabulary recommended.
Content - example
• The Google Books projects and
offshoots
• Questions of Intellectual Property rights
and fair use
Stanford and the Google Books project
Summary of Google Books
• Indexing, not publishing project
• Increase access to library collection
– Keyword searching
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Global marketing for publishers
Services to readers
Preserves library contents
Opportunities for new research
Access Control & Rights
Management
• Issues are both legal and technical
• Legal: What are the requirements for
controlling access?
• Technical: How do we enforce the legal
requirements?
Date of work
Protected from
Term
Created 1-1-78
or after
When work is fixed in tangible Life + 70 years1(or if work of
corporate authorship, the shorter of
medium of expression
Published before
1923
In public domain
None
Published 1923 63
When published with notice3
28 years + could be renewed for 47
years, now extended by 20 years for
a total renewal of 67 years. If not so
renewed, now in public domain
Published from
1964 - 77
When published with notice
28 years for first term; now automatic
extension of 67 years for second term
Created before 11-78 but not
published
1-1-78, the effective date of the
1976 Act which eliminated
common law copyright
Life + 70 years or 12-31-2002,
whichever is greater
Created before
1-1-78 but
published
between then and
12-31-2002
1-1-78, the effective date of the
1976 Act which eliminated
common law copyright
Life + 70 years or 12-31-2047
whichever is greater
95 years from publication, or 120
years from creation
Chart created by Lolly Gasaway. Updates at
http://www.unc.edu/~unclng/public-d.htm
Technical issues
• Link the resource to the copyright statements
• Maintain that link when the resource is copied
or used
• Approaches:
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Steganography
Encryption
Digital Wrappers
Digital Watermarks
Encryption
• Protecting controlled content
– Passive Listening
• More relevant in the DL case
– Active interference
Encoding
Method
Decoding
Method
Ciphertext
Eavesdropping
Masquerading
Original
message
Received
message
(Plain text)
(Plain text)
Intruder
Public key encryption
• Eliminates the need to deliver a key
• Two keys: one for encoding, one for decoding
• Known algorithm
– security based on security of the decoding key
• Essential element:
– knowing the encoding key will not reveal the
decoding key
• Bottom line:
– key used for decoding is dependent upon the key
used for encoding, but the relationship cannot
be determined in any feasible computation or
observation of transmitted data
Digital Signatures
• Similar techniques to encryption, but do
not need to worry about the content
being read.
• Issue is authentication, not hiding
– Protect an individual against unauthorized
access to resources or misrepresentation
of the individual’s intentions
– Protect the receiver against repudiation of
a commitment by the originator
Public key encryption with
implied signature
• Add the requirement that E(D(M)) = M
• Sender A has encoding key EA, decoding key
DA
• Intended receiver has encoding (public) key EB.
• Sender A produces EB(DA(M))
• Receiver B calculates EA(DB(EB(DA(M))))
– Result is M, but also establishes that only A could
have encoded M
Metadata harvesting
• Z39.50
– Predates the Web
– Protocol to communicate with collection
holders in order to provide additional
services
• Open Archives Initiative
– More recent
– Service provider gathers information from
collection holders
OAI and Z39.50
Z39.50
OAI
Content (Objects)
Distributed
Distributed
World View
Bibliographic
Bibliographic
Object Presentation
Data provider
Data provider
Searching is
Distributed
Centralized
Search done by
Data provider
Service provider
Metadata searched is
Up to date
Stale
Semantic Mapping
When searching
Metadata delivery
Source: oai.grainger.uiuc.edu/FinalReport/JCDL_2003_OAI_Intro.ppt
OAI components
Service
Providers
and
Data
Providers
Requests
and
Responses
http://www.oaforum.org/tutorial/english/page3.htm#section3
Interoperability
• The goal: communication, without human
intervention, between information sources
– Books that “talk to each other”
• Live links for references
• Knowledge of how to find relevant resources
when needed
• Ability to query other information locations
User Interface and Usability
• Evaulation for any purpose has two major
components
– Formative
• During development, spot check how things are progressing
• Identify problems that may prevent goals from being achieved
• Make adjustments to avoid the problems and get the project back
on track
– Summative
• After development, see how well it all came out
• Lessons learned may be applicable to future projects, but are too
late to affect the current one.
• Needed for reporting back to project sponsors on success of the
work.
Inspection categories
• User classes
– Know your user
– Example from the cited study:
• Scientific researchers in computer science
• Administrators
– Do not use the regular interface, so not evaluated
• User tasks
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Search for technical reports on a set of criteria
Browse the collection
Register
Submit
Harvest
Hartson 04
Categories of Problems
• General to most
applications, GUIs
– Wording
– Consistency
– Graphic layout and
organization
– User’s model of the
system
• Digital Library
functionality
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Browsing
Filtering
Searching
Document
submission functions
Hartson 04
Special issues of Video DLs
• Cataloging
– Semi-automatic tool
– Manual tool
– Threshold adjustable before
automatic segmentation
• Textual Query
– Natural language (or
keyword)
– Category or keyword list
browsing
– Audio information for
indexing, browsing
• Intelligent frame selection
Lee 02
• Video browsing
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Text description
Transcript
Single keyframe
Storyboard
Option re granularity of
keyframe set
Interactive hierarchical
keyframe browser
Keyframe slide show
Video summary playing
Playback
Transcript + playback synch
Keyframe + playback synch
Text search + playback
and/or keyframe synch
Summary of UI and Usability
• Much of digital library user interface design and
usability analysis is the same as that of other web
services
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Keep the user central in the design phase
Be careful about word use
Organize the graphics and layout carefully
Think about the user experience
• Some special considerations about DL usability have
to do with DL services
– Search, filter, browse
– Connections with other collections to which this is a portal
Remembering our goals
• DL theory
– Describe Web based information sources
– Contrast a digital library with other types of online resource collections.
• Enumerate the characteristics of a digital library that distinguishes it from a
database or a web site.
– Characterize Digital Libraries using the 5S model
• Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies -- the 5 S's that
encompass the characteristics of digital libraries. What do they all mean and
how can they be used to build and maintain a working digital library.
– Recognize and Protect Intellectual Property
• Balancing the rights of the author with the desire to share information
requires understanding of intellectual property rights. What can we put into
our digital library? To whom can we make it available?
Goals -2
• Organize information in a digital library
– The role of metadata and other ways to describe digital library content
• Digital Library services
– What besides content makes a library? How are these services
expressed in a digital environment?
• Develop and organize a collection
– A library is a collection of resources. There are services to help find and
use the resources, but the resources themselves are the reason the
library exists. What are the characteristics of a digital library collection?
How are the components organized to make a coherent whole?
• Connect distributed collections
– A digital library may connect users to items that are physically stored in
another location. What services are necessary to make this possible?
Goals -3 - Practice
• Install and configure a digital library
– You will install and configure a digital
library so that it can hold information and
present it to users, along with appropriate
digital library services.
• Digital Library project
– Create something new in digital libraries.
Accomplishments
• I think we have made great progress
• Your projects are the major element in
your learning
• I’m looking forward to seeing what you
have accomplished from this material.