Transcript Technology 13 ways of looking at … Lorcan Dempsey Solinet Meeting, May 2
Technology
13 ways of looking at … Lorcan Dempsey Solinet Meeting, May 2
CBS school, Ennis
Libraries – and the network space
Libraries
A shared network space Shared cataloging – 70s
A shared network space Resource sharing – 80s
A shared network space Article discovery and delivery – 90s
A shared network space Collaborative reference, Digital content management, Digitisation, Scholarly communication
Progressive entry into a network space …
• • • • Early stages of ‘digital’ libraries Being digital suggests reorganisation to best leverage individual and collective strengths Move away from vertical organisation around collection to horizontal organisation around process … And ….?
Generations
Social Business/policy Service Technical
Co-evolution
Active reshaping in a new medium
• Scholarly communication: – Moving from author-publisher-distributor-library chain to – … web in which all are potentially in contact with each other.
– Co-evolution of new institutional forms with the support the network provides
A shared network space
A shared space – on campus
• The Digital Library , providing access for staff and students, wherever they are located, to networked information resources, which may in turn be disclosed to the outside world.
• e-Learning systems , providing the University with the capacity to enable learning and teaching in a flexible, place-independent, online environment, and enhancing the existing campus learning experience.
• The public Web site , providing a means of marketing the University and of communicating with students, potential students, alumni and others.
• The Corporate Intranet , providing staff with access to information and communication resources, and to means of conducting their business in a secure, online environment.
• A Student Intranet , providing students with access to student-centred information, learning resources, course management and communication facilities, as well as the ability to conduct financial and administrative functions online.
• And lots of other stuff . Hull
A shared space - the creative user
• Digital scholarship • Digital research • Digital learning • Cultural heritage
Clash of Cultures Source: http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/clash
Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy Supplementary Material Archives Source: http://msa.lib.ohio-state.edu/jmsa_hp.htm
Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) Motion Capture Lab Source: http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/mocap/mocap_info.htm
Architectures
Towards an information environment services
• No single resource is the sole focus of a user’s attention • In a distributed environment resources can be specialized to provide particular function • Leverage communication between resources to add value to user’s experience • Need a shared view and vocabulary
provision content infrastructure shared services portals Directories Registries Terminology S Resolution Authorisation Citation linking presentation brokers and aggregators creation mediation Which?
Who?
So far ..
Now ..
• • • • • Library operations progressively entering network space Generations of change shortening Co-evolution We are not alone with our users in this new shared space We need to begin to architect • High acronymic density … • Google is for finding out what acronyms stand for!
Learning management systems
Learning management
• Fold information into the learning experience • Relationship between library systems and learning systems • Electronic reserve, reading lists, learning objects, … • Own standards framework (IMS, IEEE/LOM, SCORM)
Learner Creator Infoseeker Resource Utilizers
DISCOVER (Query, Browse, Follow Path) ACCESS USE
Agent
Presentation SEARCH PUBLISH GATHER ALERT REQUEST Mediation Provision STORE MANAGE EXPOSE DELIVER
Metadata Repositories Assets People Directories Repositories
STORE
Organizations
MANAGE
Traders
EXPOSE
Metadata
STORE
Registries Competency
MANAGE
Vocabulary
EXPOSE
Interoperability as recombinant potential
Interoperability
• • • Traditional views of interoperability depend on pre coordinated agreements about every aspect of syntax, structure, and semantics • In the new shared space, this degree of coordination is harder to come by How do we address this?
– Simplify? OAI – Complexify? Objects, services, metadata Pre-coordination gives way to recombinant systems?
OAI
OAI Server#1 DC & EAD OAI Server#2 DC & MARC DC MARC OAI Server#3 DC & VRA OAI Harvester DC/MARC Union Catalog HTML DC Web Browser
OAI
• “low-barrier” sharing of metadata • Many potential uses – E-prints – Learning materials – Cultural heritage – … • Model of the web … simple design supports multiple uses
Metadata
• • •
Data which supports operations on
•
entities
Life cycle – Creation, discovery, assembly, administrative, contextual, preservation, rights, … Domain – Learning, library, archives, etc Here come those acronyms (9) – MARC, MODS, ONIX, Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, FGDC, EAD, TEI, METS, … Interoperability – Registry – RDF (resource description framework)?
Information objects
From atomic to recombinant
• Structure – Document images – SGML/TEI – XML – METS/content packages • Collectible resources?
Services
Web services
• Web services are interfaces that describe operations that are network accessible through XML messaging. (IBM) • Have a web of functional components as we now have web of pages.
OCLC web services examples
Institutional e - print archives Subject classification service Name authority service Citation analysis service SOAP Non - institutional e - print archives OAI - MHP Personal e - print archives e - Prints UK RDN RDN RDN gateway/portal gateway/portal gateway/portal service service SOAP Javascript Z39.50
/HTTP
YAP
?
Some issues – lack of shared architecture
• No agreement on functional components.
• No shared vocabulary … middleware, portal, personalisation,….
• Individualised solutions.
• Accelerated generational turnover (e.g. Z39.50 and OAI).
• Disagreement on technical approaches.
Some issues
• • Different requirements – Breadth – demand side economies of scale – Depth – selective disciplinary depth – Projection – surface resources in other environments New technologies – Web services – Portlets – RSS – Directories/environment intelligence
provision content infrastructure shared services brokers and aggregators Portals/portlets……api/web service Directories Registries Terminology S Resolution Authorisation Citation linking presentation mediation
Preservation and archiving
Quick run
• OAIS – Conceptual framework within which to consider archival systems which manage materials over the long term – Many projects implementing OAIS • Emulation/Migration • Levels