Transcript Living Things Table of Contents What Is Life? Classifying Organisms Domains and Kingdoms The Origin of Life.

Living Things
Table of Contents
What Is Life?
Classifying Organisms
Domains and Kingdoms
The Origin of Life
Living Things - What Is Life?
Life Comes From Life
Francesco Redi designed
one of the first controlled
experiments. In his
experiment, Redi showed
that flies do not
spontaneously arise from
decaying meat.
Living Things - What Is Life?
Life Comes From Life
Louis Pasteur’s carefully
controlled experiment
demonstrated that bacteria
arise only from existing
bacteria.
Living Things - What Is Life?
Redi’s and Pasteur’s Experiments
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window
and access Active Art about Redi’s and Pasteur’s
experiments.
Living Things - What Is Life?
Using Prior Knowledge
Look at the section headings and visuals to see what this
section is about. Then write what you already know about
living things in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you
read, write what you learn.
What You Know
1.
2.
Living things grow.
Living things are made of cells.
1.
2.
3.
What You Learned
Unicellular organisms are composed of only one cell.
The cells of living things are composed of chemicals.
The cells of organisms use energy to do things they must do.
Living Things - What Is Life?
The Characteristics of Living Things
Click the Video button to watch a movie about the
characteristics of living things.
Living Things
End of Section:
What Is Life?
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Levels of Classification
As you move down the levels of classification, the number of
organisms decreases. The organisms at lower levels share
more characteristics with each other.
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Many hundreds of years before
Linnaeus, a Greek scholar
named Aristotle developed a
classification system for
animals. Aristotle first divided
animals into those he
considered to have blood and
those he did not. This graph
shows Aristotle’s classification
system for “animals with blood.”
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Reading Graphs:
Into how many groups
were these animals
classified?
3
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Interpreting Data:
Which group made up the
largest percentage of
animals?
Animals that fly
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Calculating:
What percentage of these
animals either fly or
swim?
78%
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Inferring:
In Aristotle’s classification,
where would a cow be
classified? A whale?
Cow- animals that walk, run,
or crawl; whale- animals that
swim.
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Aristotle and Classification
Predicting:
Would Aristotle’s
classification system be
used today? Explain.
Possible answer: This system
includes only three categories, so it
may not be very useful today. It also
does not match that of modern
scientists, who use characteristics
other than movement to classify
animals. For example, frogs
and lions belong to
very different groups.
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Taxonomic Keys
Taxonomic keys are useful tools for determining the identity
of organisms.
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Evolution and Classification
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely
together. These Galapagos finches may have arisen from a single
species and changed gradually over time to become three separate
species. Notice the differences in their appearance, especially their
beaks.
eats
eats
eats
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
Asking Questions
Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic
organizer like the one below, ask a what, why, or how
question for each heading. As you read, write the answers to
your questions.
Question
Why do scientists classify?
Answer
Scientists classify because they want
to organize living things into groups
so they are easier to study.
What system did Linnaeus use to
name organisms?
He used a system called binomial
nomenclature.
What are the levels of classification?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus, species
Living Things - Classifying Organisms
More on Classifying Living Things
Click the PHSchool.com button for an activity about
classifying living things.
Living Things
End of Section:
Classifying
Organisms
Living Things - Domains and Kingdoms
Three Domains of Life
In the three-domain system of classifications, all known
organisms belong to one of three domains–Bacteria,
Archaea, or Eukarya.
Living Things - Domains and Kingdoms
Comparing and Contrasting
As you read, compare and contrast the characteristics of
organisms in domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya by
completing a table like the one below.
Characteristics of Organisms
Domain or Kingdom
Cell Type and Number
Able to Make Food?
Bacteria
Prokaryotes; unicellular
Some are able to make food
Archaea
Prokaryotes; unicellular
Some are able to make food
Some are able to make food
Plants
Eukaryotes; unicellular or
multicellular
Eukaryotes; unicellular or
multicellular
Eukaryotes; multicellular
Animals
Eukaryotes; multicellular
No
Eukarya:
Protists
Fungi
No
Yes
Living Things - Domains and Kingdoms
Links on Kingdoms
Click the SciLinks button for links on kingdoms.
Living Things
End of Section:
Domains and
Kingdoms
Living Things - The Origin of Life
The Atmosphere of Early Earth
On ancient Earth, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and
methane were probably the most abundant gases in
the atmosphere. There were frequent volcanic
eruptions, earthquakes, and violent storms.
Living Things - The Origin of Life
Identifying Supporting Evidence
As you read, identify the evidence that supports scientists’
hypothesis of how life arose on Earth. Write the evidence in a
graphic organizer like the one below.
Evidence
Hypothesis
Fossil evidence of
achaea-like
organisms
Origin of life
Fossils dated to be
between 3.4 and 3.5
billion years old.
Living Things - The Origin of Life
Links on the Origin of Life
Click the SciLinks button for links on the origin of life.
Living Things - The Origin of Life
Modeling Conditions on Early Earth
Click the Video button to watch a movie about modeling
conditions on early Earth.
Living Things
End of Section:
The Origin of Life
Living Things
Graphic Organizer
Living Things
need
Homeostasis
Food
Living space
Water
made by
to provide
Autotrophs
eaten by
Heterotrophs
Shelter
Food & water
Living Things
End of Section:
Graphic Organizer