Transcript Slide 1
Living Systems Chapter Three: Classifying Living Things • 3.1 Types of Living Things • 3.2 Dichotomous Keys 3.1 Types of living things • Living things are classified by similar characteristics. • Each different type of organism is called a species. • It is estimated that there are over ten million different species on Earth. All of the same kind of dust mite are members of a single species. 3.1 Classifying life • One system of classification groups all living things into one of six kingdoms: • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia 3.1 Classifying life • To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask 3 questions: 1. Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells? 2. Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled)? 3. Does it get energy by making its own food (as a producer) or by getting food from other organisms (as a consumer)? 3.1 Two kingdoms of bacteria • Bacteria are the simplest of all living things. • They are single-celled organisms and their cells do not have a nucleus. Kingdom Archaebacteria • Some bacteria can produce their own food. • Others break down food and absorb it. Kingdom Eubacteria 3.1 Protists • Members of the Kingdom Protista are called protists. • Protists are an odd group of organisms because they have many different characteristics. 3.1 Fungi • Fungi are important because they break down rotting things and return the nutrients to the soil. • Kingdom Fungi includes the fungi, mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. 3.1 Plants • The Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular organisms whose cells have a nucleus. • In photosynthesis, plants convert energy from the sun and store it in the form of molecules. 3.1 Animals • Animals are multicellular organisms with cells that have a nucleus. • Beetles, worms, snakes, and birds are classified into the Kingdom Animalia. 3.1 Plant and Animal kingdoms compared 3.1 Classifying life • Taxonomy is the process of identifying and classifying living things. • A Swedish scientist and explorer named Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) developed a system of classification in the 1700s. • There are currently seven levels of classification. 3.1 Levels of classification • Organisms with shared characteristics are grouped together. • What characteristic do these organisms share? 3.1 Levels of classification • For animals, the levels of classification are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. •At what level are these two animals classified differently? 3.1 Scientific Names • A scientific name is the two-part, scientifically recognized name given to an organism, consisting of its genus and species. 3.1 Scientific Names • You may have a difficult time understanding scientific names because they are usually in Latin or Greek. • Felis is Latin for “cat” and domesticus is Latin for “domesticated.”