Transcript SUSTAINABLE ICT IN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES - What is it, and how can we achieve it? Peter James and Lisa Hopkinson www.susteit.org.uk.

SUSTAINABLE ICT IN
UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
- What is it, and how can we
achieve it?
Peter James and Lisa Hopkinson
www.susteit.org.uk
WHY BOTHER?
• A moral duty
- environmental degradation
- extreme social exclusion
• Tangible self interest
- rising electricity costs
- increasing regulation
• Intangible self interest
- reputation
- relevant curricula and research
THE BALANCE SHEET
• ICT ‘SUPPLY’
- Energy and resource
intensive, and
polluting, production
- (Sometimes) poor
working conditions
- High energy use in
equipment
• ICT ‘DEMAND’
- Travel substitution
- Resource efficiency
e.g. admin
- Social inclusion
- Awareness and
information
WHERE DOES THE POWER GO?
• University of Sheffield
- 18% of total non-residential electricity
- PCs 48%
- Servers18%
- High performance computing 14%
- Imaging10%
- Networking 8%
WHAT ARE THE WHOLE LIFE IMPACTS?
Transport
Manufacture
Materials
Use
Disposal
WHAT CAN WE DO - ADMIN?
• IT pays the energy bills
• Better, more widely applied, whole life
costing models
• More cross-functional activity
- especially IT and Estates
WHAT CAN WE DO – TECHNICAL?
• Simple measures
- powerdown; lower power devices; grid
computing; life extension
- print management; easier duplex etc
- energy efficient config & eqt in data centres
• Complex measures
- thin client; virtualisation; storage; software
BACKGROUND
• Higher Education Environmental
Performance Improvement
- Green Gown Awards
- www.heepi.org.uk
• Sustainable IT in Tertiary Education
- Strategic review of IT in universities
- Identifying & disseminating good practice
- www.susteit.org.uk
AN INVISIBLE BURDEN
assoc.
~30 components
~28 kg materials
~35 kg production waste
~32 kg use-related waste
~end of life
LIFE CYCLE WASTE FROM PCS
Source: IVF, 2007. Preparatory studies for Eco-design Requirements of Energy Using Products
35
Total waste (kg)
30
25
Production
20
Distribution
15
Use
End of life
10
5
0
Desktop
Laptop
CRT
LCD
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY FROM PCS
Source: IVF, 2007. Preparatory studies for Eco-design Requirements of Energy Using Products
16000
Total Energy (MJ)
14000
12000
10000
Production
8000
Distribution
6000
Use
End of life
4000
2000
0
-2000
Desktop
Laptop
CRT
LCD
LIFE CYCLE ENERGY OF PRINTERS
Source: Franzhofer IZM and PE Europe, 2007. Preparatory studies for Eco-design Requirements of EuPs
140
Total Energy (GJ)
120
100
Production
80
Distribution
60
Use
End of life
40
20
0
Excl. Paper
Incl. Paper
ELECTRICITY
CONSUMPTION
• UK
- ICT 10% of total
- fastest growing component
• University of Sheffield
- 16% + of electricity
- 13% + of carbon emissions
• High wastage
- CPUs 10-20% utilisation
- Eqt switched on
www.gridcomputingnow.org
WHY IT MATTERS TO FHE
• Cost
- 50 to 100% rise in electricity prices?
• Carbon
- growing regulation
- Carbon Reduction Commitment
• Capacity
The Coal-Powered Computer
PROCUREMENT - REDUCING
ENERGY IMPACTS IN USE
• Fit for purpose – faster, higher spec machines generally
use more energy
• PCs: laptops 50-80% less energy than desktop/CRT; LCD
monitor 50% less energy than CRT
• Imaging: Inkjets less energy than laser; b/w less energy
than colour; MFDs less energy than SFDs. Duplex facility
essential
• Consider energy use in idle and standby
• Procure the most energy efficient equipment that meets
requirements
PROCUREMENT – REDUCING ALL
IMPACTS OVER LIFE-CYCLE
• Dematerialise – smaller, lighter devices: MFDs
rather than SFDs; laptops or thin clients rather
than desktops; LCDs rather than CRTs
• Extend useful life of product – recycle internally
and refurbish
• Reduce toxic compounds – as of 1/2/08 all EEE
on market should comply with ROHS
• Facility to return product to producer end of life,
free of charge
PROCUREMENT – REDUCING
IMPACTS OF PAPER
•
•
•
•
Duplex facility for imaging equipment
Built in user codes to record usage
Print management software (e.g. GreenPrint)
Procure recycled paper (lower embodied
energy) and ensure high rates recycling
• Educate users- review/store online
GREEN DESKTOPS
• Powerdown networked computers
• Switch off and power manage computers &
peripherals
• Grid computing
• Thin client
SERVER END USE
Power Conversions
& Distribution
100
Units
35 Units
Cooling
Equipment
33 Units
Delivered
Source: US EPA
Server
Load
/Computing
Operations
SERVER OBJECTIVE
Cooling &
Power
Conversions
Server
Load
/Computing
Operations
Cooling
& Power
Server
Conversions
Load
/Computing
Operations
Typical Practice
Better Practice
Source: US EPA
ENERGY EFFICIENT SERVERS
Adapted from US EPA original
Power efficiency & management
Consolidation/Virtualisation
Information life cycle management
Power
Conversion &
Distribution
High voltage distribution
Use of DC power
Highly efficient UPS systems
Efficient redundancy strategies
Server Load/
Computing
Operations
Alternative
Energy Supply
Better air management
Free/efficient cooling
Efficient liquid cooling
Flexibility and control
Cooling
Equipment
On-site renewables
Waste heat for cooling
Fuel cells
Thermal storage
OVERCOMING BARRIERS
• Lack of awareness and information
- footprinting and energy bills
• Unsupportive financial frameworks
- whole life costs
• Lack of capacity
- departmental champions; networks