Transcript Creating Energy-Effcient Data Centers

Creating Energy-Efficient Data Centers
Paul Scheihing
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Industrial Technologies Program
Data Center Facilities and Engineering
Conference
Washington, DC
May 18, 2007
Why Data Centers?
• Highly energy-intensive and rapidly growing
• Consume 10 to 100 times more energy per square foot
than a typical office building
• Large potential impact on electricity supply
and distribution
• Used about 45 billion kWh
in 2005
• At current rates, power
requirements could double
in 5 years.
Potential Benefits of Improved Data Center
Energy Efficiency
• Save 20 billion kWh per year by 2015
– Worth $2 billion, ≈ annual electricity
use in 1.8 million American homes
• Potentially defer need to build 2,300
MW of new generating capacity
– And avoid 3.4 million metric tons of
carbon emissions (like taking 675,000
cars off the road)
• Extend life and capacity of existing
data center infrastructures
Building Existing Knowledge Base
• R&D Roadmap by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL)
identifies and prioritizes data center opportunities and research.
• With funding from PG&E and CEC, LBNL conducted benchmark
studies of 22 data centers:
– Identified best practices
• DOE will greatly expand
current knowledge base.
3
Total Power/IT Power
– Found wide variation in
performance (total
power/IT power)
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Ratio of Total Data Center Power
to IT Equipment Power
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Power
Distribution &
Conversions
Server Load/
Computing
Operations
Cooling
Equipment
Data Center Energy Use
Typical Data Center Energy End Use
Power Conversions
& Distribution
100 Units
35 Units
Cooling
Equipment
Server Load
/Computing
Operations
33 Units
Delivered
Data Center Cooling and Power Conversion
Performance Varies
Cooling &
Power
Conversions
Server Load
/Computing
Operations
Typical Practice
Cooling
& Power Server
Conversions Load
/Computing
Operations
Better Practice
Typical Energy Flow/Use
Power
Conversion &
Distribution
Electricity
Generation &
Transmission
Losses
Delivered
Power
Fuel Burned at
Power Plant
Cooling
Equipment
Server Load/
Computing
Operations
Typical Energy Flow/Use
Power
Conversion &
Distribution
Electricity
Generation &
Transmission
Losses
Delivered
Electricity
Cooling
Equipment
Server Load/
Computing
Operations
…ultimately reducing fuel burned at the power plant
Reducing power demand and losses
Lowering power conversion losses
Will reduce cooling needs
Reducing server power requirements
Fuel Burned at
Power Plant
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Cooling
Server Load/
• On-site generation
Equipment
Computing
• CHP applications
Operations
• Waste heat for cooling
• Use of renewable energy
• Load• management
Fuel cells
• Better air management
•
Server
innovation
High voltage distribution
• Move to liquid cooling
Use of DC power
• Optimized chilled-water plants
Highly efficient UPS systems
Alternative• Use of free cooling
Efficient redundancy strategies Power
Power
Conversion &
Distribution
•
•
•
•
Generation
Annual Energy Use (Billion kWh/year)
Opportunity Potential
Comparison of Projected Electricity Use,
All Scenarios, 2007 to 2011
140
2006 Baseline
58.7
120
100
80
60
Best practice
40
20
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
What Is Needed
• Assistance in identifying the
best opportunities for savings
at each data center
• Outside validation to help
convince management that
addressing opportunities is
feasible and cost-effective
DOE Data Center Team
• Industrial Technologies
Program
• Building Technologies
Program
• Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, &
Infrastructure Technologies
• Federal Energy
Management Program
(FEMP)
• DOE National Laboratories
DOE Data Center Program Objectives
• Provide systems approach
• Build tools, expertise, and
strategy
• Raise awareness of the
opportunity
• Recognize industry leaders
Save Energy Now: Industry Assessments
• 200 completed
• Natural gas savings =
52 trillion Btu/yr
– ≈ 725,000 U.S. homes
– Carbon dioxide avoided =
3.3 million metric tons/year
• Cost savings opportunity =
$475 million per year
– Savings implemented or
planned = $256 million
(154 plants)
2 – 4 years
• Modify steam
turbine operation
• Use oxygen for
combustion
• Change process
steam use
> 4 years
• Install CHP
system
9 mo. – 2 years
• Heat feed water with
boiler blowdown
• Lower excess oxygen
• Flue gas heat recovery
< 9 months
• Improve
insulation
• Implement
steam trap
program
• Clean heat
transfer
surfaces
Estimated Payback Periods for
Recommended Actions
Program Strategy
• Build on Save Energy Now model
– DOE deployed software tools,
training curriculum, and qualified
experts to train and work with
staff at large U.S. plants.
– 65% of recommended actions now
completed, in progress, or planned.
• With industry input, develop appropriate tools, training,
and qualified experts to improve data centers.
• Conduct pilots, promote and facilitate industry
implementation.
2007 Move Forward Plan
• Build strong liaisons and partnerships with industry
• Develop robust new energy assessment program
• Develop tools and info on best practices
– Sub-system assessment protocol and analysis tool
– Assessment framework and energy profiling tool
• Conduct pilot assessments at data centers
• Provide awareness training
• Screen for industrial demonstrations
• Provide Federal procurement specifications
Stakeholders
• EPA
• States
• Utilities
• Industry Organizations
e.g., Green Grid, ASHRAE,
AFCOM, 7x24, SVLG
• Equipment suppliers
• Research organizations
• Consultants
How Can Industry Participate?
 Register on web site to get regular updates
 Participate in Peer Review of products, protocols
and best practices
– Sign up for Technical Working Groups on web site
 Conduct Self Benchmarking and report results
– Use tools from LBNL site and download protocol at :
http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters.html
 Apply for Data Center Assessments (solicitation
coming in Fall)
www.eere.energy.gov/datacenters/
Web-based Resources
http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters.html
Good starting point for those seeking efficiency measures
Best Practices
Benchmark data
Self-benchmarking Guide
Case Studies
Other Reports
(demonstrations)
Design Guidance
end
Contact: Paul Scheihing
[email protected]
202-586-7234