Transcript ASER Pakistan A citizen led initiative Punjab Launch ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners.

ASER
Pakistan
A citizen led initiative
Punjab Launch
ASER 2012 Supporters & Partners
ASER PAKISTAN 2010-2015
•
Citizen led large scale national household
survey (3-16)
•
Quality of education in rural and some
urban areas (5-16)
•
Seeks to provide evidence on learning and
access gaps
•
Influence National & Provincial policy and
actions for RTE.
•
Provides information for tracking trends
and MDG/EFA Targets up to 2015
•
Influence Goal Setting for Post-2015
Agenda
ASER Pakistan Assessment Tools Grade II
ASER Assessment tools are prepared in following Categories
•Reading
Urdu
Sindhi
Pashto
•Arithmetic abilities
•English
ASER Survey Sheets
Section I: Scale of Survey
ASER Outreach over the last 3 years
• 2010 – 32 districts
• 2011 – 85 districts
• 2012 – 142 districts
ASER 2012 – SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION
Children (3-16 Years)
Urban Rural
Province
Districts Villages/
Covered Blocks
Schools
House
Hold
Female
Male
Total
Mothers
Gov.
Pvt.
Total
690
1,756
Punjab
36
1,074
21,478
25,709
33,234
58,943
20,908
1,066
National (Rural)
136
4,033
80,209
101,236
143,241 244,477
81,417
3,934 1,660 5,594
Punjab
2
60
718
900
1,071
1,971
716
58
52
110
National (Urban)
6
193
2,312
2,930
4,037
6,967
2,329
183
167
350
National (Rural +
Urban)
142
4,226
82,521
104,166
147,278 251,444
83,746
4,117 1,827 5,944
Punjab (Rural +
Urban)
38
1,134
22,196
26,609
34,305
21,624
1,124
60,914
742
1,866
Section II: Access (Schooling)
Pre-School Enrollment (3-5 Years) – Rural
% Children who attend different types of pre-schools
 Enrollment of children of 3 – 5
years
51% in 2012
 Enrollment highest in Urban
55% compared to Rural 51%
Non-state providers
Age
group
Govt.
3
7.2
6.2
0.3
0.2
86.1
100
4
28.6
21.1
0.9
0.9
48.5
100
5
45.9
30.4
1.1
0.8
21.8
100
3-5
29.1
20.3
0.8
0.6
49.2
100
49.2
100
Total
By
type
Out-ofTotal
Madra
Others school
sah
Pvt.
50.8
57.3
39.9
1.6
1.2
57% of pre-primary age children are enrolled in government
schools.
Children in Pre School (3-5)
Rural
Sialkot and Bhakhar has the highest number of out-of-school
children
Enrollment (6-16 years) – Rural
 84% of 6-16 year olds in rural
districts are enrolled in schools
 67% enrollment in Govt. schools
% Children in different types of schools
% Out-ofschool
Total
Non-state providers
Age group
Govt.
Pvt.
Madrasah
Never DropOthers enrolled out
 33% Rural children enrolled in
private/ non-state sector
6-10
57.4
29.6
1.4
1.1
8.2
2.2
100
11-13
59.5
22.5
1.3
0.9
7.3
8.5
100
 16% of children are out-of-school
14-16
51.5
17.4
1.1
0.4
11.1
18.5
100
6-16
56.7
25.2
1.3
0.9
8.6
7.3
100
 Enrollment highest in Urban
92% compared to Rural 84%
1
out of every
6
84.1
Total
By type
Children is Out-of-School
67.4 30.0
1.5
15.9
100
1.1
Never Enrolled still higher
than dropout rate
The proportion of out-of-school children in Punjab
remains the same as compared to the last year.
Out-of-School children (6-16)
Rural
Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur has the highest number of out-ofschool children
District Rank – out-of-School (6-16)
Districts
Rawalpindi
Jehlum
Narowal
Gujrat
Gujranwala
Sialkot
Chakwal
Attock
Khushab
Mandi
Bahuddin
Hafizabad
Nankana
Sahib
Sheikhupura
Okara
Sargodha
Lahore
Khanewal
Jhang
73.0
76.6
45.1
62.5
44.5
45.4
61.6
63.2
58.0
Enrollment %
Non-state providers
OutMadrasa Other
of- Rank*
Pvt.
h
s
School
23.8
0.3
0.2
2.7
1
20.3
0.2
0.0
2.9
2
49.3
0.7
0.2
4.5
3
30.9
0.5
0.1
6.0
4
48.9
0.4
0.0
6.2
5
46.5
1.5
0.2
6.4
6
31.1
0.3
0.0
7.0
7
27.9
0.8
0.2
7.8
8
30.8
0.6
0.6
10.0
9
58.6
29.2
1.7
0.2
10.3
10
60.5
27.7
1.0
0.0
10.8
11
52.9
29.1
0.8
5.4
11.9
12
49.9
59.3
65.1
44.7
62.5
53.8
36.3
25.1
19.8
39.5
21.6
30.3
0.7
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.0
0.3
0.2
1.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.7
12.8
13.3
14.2
14.5
14.8
14.9
13
14
15
16
17
18
Govt.
Enrollment %
Faisalabad
Toba Tek Singh
Kasur
Mianwali
Layyah
Multan
Vehari
Sahiwal
Bahawalnager
Lodhran
Chiniot
Bahawalpur
Muzaffar Garh
Pakpattan
Bhakhar
63.5
67.6
40.5
67.1
63.7
43.9
63.0
63.4
61.9
36.3
65.7
44.4
61.6
61.0
64.3
Non-state providers
Out-of- Ran
k
Pvt. Madrasah Others School
20.8
0.5
0.0
15.3
19
16.5
0.5
0.2
15.3
20
40.8
2.6
0.2
16.0
21
16.1
0.3
0.2
16.2
22
15.7
0.8
2.6
17.3
23
31.7
1.3
5.4
17.7
24
17.2
1.4
0.6
17.8
25
17.4
0.8
0.1
18.2
26
15.4
1.4
0.8
20.5
27
33.5
4.3
5.1
20.7
28
12.3
1.2
0.0
20.8
29
23.8
7.6
1.5
22.6
30
13.4
0.5
1.7
22.8
31
14.9
1.0
0.2
22.9
32
10.7
0.4
0.5
24.1
33
Dera Ghazi Khan
51.5
16.4
1.0
0.3
30.7
34
Rajanpur
Rahim Yar Khan
50.4
46.9
16.2
12.8
0.2
4.8
1.5
0.6
31.7
34.8
35
36
47.4 44.5
39.3 48.5
1.5
0.8
0.2
0.7
6.5
10.6
1
2
Districts
Govt.
URBAN
Lahore Urban
Multan Urban
Rahim Yar Khan has the highest number of out-of-school children
Gender : Out-of-School Children (6-16 years)
 Almost equal proportion of boys and girls are out-of-school
in Rural.
 In Urban (Lahore & Multan) more boys are out-of-school.
Urban
Rural
Out-of-school children by gender
6 to 16 years
Out-of-school children by gender
6 to 16 years
Boys
Girls
100
100
80
80
60
40
20
0
0
3
5
2011*
2012
% Children
% Children
Boys
60
40
20
0
9
7
2011*
8
8
2012
Higher percentage of boys than girls are out-of-school in urban Punjab.
Class Wise Enrollment - Rural
 Enrollment decreases sharply as class level increases.
Urban
Rural
Class-wise enrollment
2012
% Children
30
20
2011*
40
14
6
10
% Children
2011*
40
Class-wise enrollment
2012
30
20
18
10 17
4
4
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Class
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
Class
5
6
7
8
9
10
Section III: Quality
Learning Levels – Urdu
Learning Levels
(Class 5): Urdu
% Children
100
Children who can read story Urdu
(Rural) 2012
2011*
78
80
52
60
40
20
67
75
61
31
45
27
0
Class 3
Class 4
Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 7%
Class 5
Class 6
since 2011
Rural : 33% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story
Urban: 26% of Class 5 students cannot read Class 2 story
Learning Levels (Urdu) have improved as compared to 2011.
Learning Levels - English
Learning
Levels
(Class 5):
English
Children who can read
English sentences
2011*
2012
% Children
100
75
80
61
60
40
45
27
50
33
20
0
68
17
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Class 6
Language Learning levels for class 4 have improved by 12% since 2011
Rural : 39% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences
Urban : 26% of Class 5 students cannot read English sentences
Learning Levels (English) have improved as compared to 2011.
Learning Levels - Arithmetic
Learning
Levels
(Class 5):
Arithmetic
Children who can do division
2011*
2012
% Children
100
68
80
56
60
40
39
21
20
0
63
46
29
13
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Class 6
Language Learning levels for class 4 & 5 have improved by 10% since 2011
Rural : 44% of Class 5 students cannot do division
Urban : 37% of Class 5 students cannot do division
Learning Levels (Arithmetic) have improved as compared to 2011.
Learning levels – Boys vs Girls
(5-16 Years)
 Girls continue to lag behind boys in learning levels
Rural
Learning levels by gender
English
Learning levels by gender
Urdu
52
55
40
20
100
80
60
55
59
40
20
0
Girls
Boys
Who can read at least
sentences
% Childrern
% Children
80
% Children
100
100
60
Learning levels by gender
Arithmetic
80
60
49
53
40
20
0
Girls
Boys
Who can read at least words
0
Girls
Boys
Who can at least do subtraction
Girls are behind boys by 4% in Urdu, English & Arithmetic
Learning levels of boys continue to be higher than girls.
Learning Levels are better in Private schools overall
Learning levels by school type
English
Learning levels by school type
Urdu
Government
Government
Private
60
68
78
54
64
65
71
40
20
80
% Children
80
Private
100
100
% Children
40
60
70
59
68
38
20
0
Class 1: Can read Class 3: Can read Class 5: Can read
at least letters
at least sentences
at least story
 35% children in government and 29%
children in private schools in class 5
cannot read class 2 Urdu story.
 41% of the children in Government
schools and 32% of children in private
schools cannot read English
sentences.
52
60
0
Class 1: Can read at Class 3: Can read at Class 5: Can read at
least small letters
least words
least sentences
Learning levels by school type
Arithmetic
Government
Private
100
% Children

Learning levels – Public vs. Private (Rural)
80
60
40
37
47
50
57
54
61
20
0
Class 1: Can
Class 3: Can at
Class 5: Can at
recognize at least least do subtraction least do division
numbers (10-99)
Private school students are performing better than
government school students.
Additional learning support – Paid Tuition
 Children in urban areas are more likely to take paid tuition
Rural
Urban
Children attending paid tuition
Children attending paid tuition
Private schools
Government schools
100
100
80
80
51
60
39
40
20
0
2011*
2012
% Children
% Children
Government schools
Private schools
60
30
40
20
16
34
17
0
2011*
2012
17% Government and 34% Private school children take paid tuition in rural areas
Paid private tuition trend is higher in private schools.
Learning levels – Out of School (Rural)
 Even out of school children were tested
35% of out-of-school children can recognize numbers from 1-9.
A modest proportion of out-of-school children are at more than
‘beginner’ competency levels.
Section IV: School Attendance
& Facilities
Attendance - Students and Teachers
 Rural: 14% children in government school and 14 % in Private schools were absent
from school (More children present in Government School then Private School)
Rural: Overall children attendance is better in Government schools
Rural: 12% and 13%
teachers in private and government schools respectively were
found to be absent
Children Attendance (%) on the day of visit
Government schools
Primary Elementary
Private schools
High
Others
Overall
Primary
Elementary
High
Others
Overall
Children
attendance
84.7
86.3
86.7
90.6
86.4
85.3
85.7
86.7
82.6
85.9
Teacher
attendance
86.5
87.9
86.7
88.1
87.1
88.3
87.9
87.4
90.6
87.7
 Urban: only 7%
teachers in private and government schools were found to be
absent
Children attendance is better in government schools in rural
Punjab.
Multi-grade Classes - Rural
Around 36% government school children of class 2 sit with other classes
as compared to 34% in Private Schools.
Multi grade teaching
Government
Private schools
and 14% grade 8 students in
government schools sit with other
classes .
100
% Schools
30% grade 8 students in
Private
80
60
40
36
34
30
14
20
0
Class 2
Class 8
Basic Facilities – Improved but not Sufficient
13% of government primary schools do not have functional toilet facilities
8% primary government schools still do not have useable water
19% primary government schools still do not have boundary walls
Private schools outperform government schools in terms of
basic facilities.
Section V: Other dimensions that
influence teaching and learning
Mother tongue/ Home Language
• ASER 2012 survey findings revealed that 19 different
languages were used in the surveyed households of Punjab.
• Three languages used commonly were
•
Punjabi (65%),
•
Siraiki (21%) and
•
Urdu (9%)
•
Other (5%)
Other Lanuages included : Sindhi, Balochi, Potwari, Pashto, English, Pahari, Rachnavi,
Rangri, Myuti, Mewati, Muhajri, Hindko, Marathi, Marwari, Darkhan, Persian
Households’ preferred medium of
instruction in school
• Each household surveyed was also
asked their preferred medium of
instruction for their children in schools.
• 56% percent of all the households
surveyed preferred Urdu as the medium
of instruction in schools.
• Home language was preferred by a
major proportion of 13% of all
households and 31% surveyed
households preferred English.
The most preferred language for medium of instruction was Urdu.
Medium of instruction in schools
Children in public schools
reported:
• Urdu 50%,
• English 50%,
Children in private schools
reported:
• English 65%,
• Urdu 35%,
Parental Education
 Rural: 67% mothers vs. 44% fathers did not complete primary
education.
 Urban: 36% mothers vs. 24% fathers did not complete primary
education
Urban
100
Parents having at least primary
schooling
100
76
80
% Parents
Rural
80
% Parents
64
60
40
20
Parents having at least primary
schooling
56
60
40
33
20
0
Mothers
Fathers
0
Mothers
Fathers
Higher proportion of parents have not completed even primary
education in rural Punjab as compared to urban Punjab.
Section VI: How far have we come on
RTE compliance?
How can ASER 2012 inform the planning, drafting,
resourcing and implementation of 25-A?
 ASER can help assess education with respect to :
Quality
Access
Equity
Planning according to district based assessment – generating District Report
Cards (DRCs) linked to the Roadmap to Reforms and/or Sector Plans of the
Provincial Governments .
 Holding ASER Baithaks in ASER survey villages, parents, communities with
parliamentarians and political holding ALL to account for ACTION!
Use of ASER data and teams for focusing on gender & the excluded groups
Forming District RTE Vigilante Committees mobilizing coalitions, teachers,
youth, media and bar associations.
Action to RTE 25 A Implementation
• Milestone achievement: “The Right to Free and Compulsory
Education Act 2012” - challenge is tracking implementation
• ASER data to help in drafting of RTE Acts & using ASER
data for continued advocacy on Right to Education (RTE) 25 A
• Each province has district by district data for addressing gaps in
access, quality, equity/gender and financing
• Continued Dialogues with Parliamentarians and Politicians in
2013 for elections, manifestoes and actionable steps that can be
tracked
• Linking the ASER information to national data and GMR /UN
Human Development Reports /others in the run up to 2015 &
post 2015 debates
Thank You
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