Transcript Improving Water Efficiency by Implementing the IWA/AWWA Water Audit Methodology National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Summer Meeting New York City July 16, 2007 George Kunkel.

Improving Water Efficiency by Implementing
the IWA/AWWA Water Audit Methodology
National Association of Regulatory Utility
Commissioners Summer Meeting
New York City
July 16, 2007
George Kunkel P.E.
Philadelphia Water Department
Purpose of the Presentation:
Provide an update around the theme
 Promoting water supply efficiency as a
standard business practice
– Strong water supply efficiency is
evidenced by:
• Low water leakage losses
• Minimal unbilled water consumption
• Minimal unauthorized consumption
• Auditable operations
US Drinking Water Supply Historical Shortcomings
 Technical; Not all water supplied by
a water utility reaches the customer
 Financial; Not all of the water that
reaches the customer is properly
measured or paid for
 Terminology; Historically a Lack of
standardized definitions of water and
revenue losses
New Methods offered in AWWA Free Water Audit
Software and revised (2008) AWWA M36 Publication:
“Water Audits & Loss Control Programs”
States Survey Findings & Conclusion
20%
10%
15%
15%
15% 10%
10%
15%
20%
15%
20%
15%
15%
20%
15%
15%
15%
7.5%
10%
15%
15%
10%
“A better system of accounting is needed to instill better
accountability in drinking water utilities”
Philadelphia’s Loss Control Success is not reflected by
old percentage indicators
Philadelphia Water Department
Non-revenue Water vs. Metered Water Ratio
100.00%
140
90.00%
80.00%
120
70.00%
100
60.00%
80
50.00%
60
40.00%
30.00%
40
20.00%
20
10.00%
0
0.00%
Fiscal Year
Metered Water Ratio, %
160
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Non-revenue Water, MGD
Non-revenue Water, mgd
Metered Water Ratio, %
Linear (Non-revenue Water, mgd)
Standardizing the Water Audit Method: IWA/AWWA
Water Balance
Water
Exported
Own
Sources
Total
Total
System
System
Input
Input
Billed Water Exported
Authorized
Authorized
Consumption
Consumption
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Unbilled
Authorized
Consumption
(allow
( allow
Water
for
for
Supplied
known
known
errors)
errors )
Water
Imported
Billed
Revenue
Authorized
Water
Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unauthorized Consumption
Apparent
Losses
Water
Water
Losses
Losses
NonRevenue
Water
Customer Metering Inaccuracies
Systematic Data Handling Error
Leakage on Mains
Real
Losses
Leakage on Service Lines
Leakage & Overflows at Storage
Impacts of Apparent Losses
 Aggregate customer consumption volume is understated
– Water supply planning suffers from inaccurate consumption data for
customer populations
– Analysis of conservation savings is hindered
 A portion of billings are understated or omitted, causing
revenue loss (Apparent losses valued at retail rate)
– Paying customers effectively subsidize those who under-pay or
don’t pay at all for water service
– High apparent losses exacerbate the need to increase water rates
Impacts of Real Losses
 Excessive Source Water Withdrawals
– More water is withdrawn from sources than customer population
needs
– Water supply infrastructure is effectively oversized
 Excessive Operational Costs
– Real losses are valued at the variable production cost
or
– In areas of stressed water resources, real losses might be valued at
the retail cost
 Much leakage is often treated again at wastewater plants –
two rounds of treatment without providing any benefit!
 Many other adverse impacts
Philadelphia’s Water Audit
July 1, 2005 - June 30, 2006 in Million Gallons Per Day (Mgd)
 Water into Supply 253.8
 Customer Billed Cons. - 177.0
76.8 Non-Revenue Water
 Unbilled Auth. Cons.
 Apparent Losses
2.5
15.1
$
191,000
$ 20,276,000
59.2
$ 4,229,000
Non-Revenue Water Cost:
$ 24,696,000
($4,500 / MG)
 Real Losses
($160 / MG)
Philadelphia’s Water Audit
Performance Indicators
 NRW by volume = 76.8 mgd /253.8 mgd = 30.2%
 NRW by cost = $24.7 million/ $190 million = 13.0%
 Apparent Loss indicator = 15.1 mgd / 552,000
connections = 27.4 gallons/connection/day
 Real Loss indicator = 59.2 mgd / 552,000
connections = 107.3 gallons/connection/day
 Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) = 6.0
mgd
 Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) = 59.2 / 6.0 = 9.9
Tools & Developments
 AWWA Water Loss Control Committee’s Free
Water Audit Software – launched 2006
 AWWA Research Foundation Project 2811 –
Evaluating Water Loss and Planning Loss
Reduction Strategies Report March 2007
 AWWA Research Foundation Project 2928 –
Leakage Management Technologies – late 2007
 M36 Publication – late 2008
 Concern for sustainable water supply is prompting
increasing interest from regulatory agencies
AWWA Water Loss Control Committee’s Free
Water Audit Software
 Launched April 2006
 Available for FREE download at:
http://www.awwa.org/WaterWiser/waterloss/D
ocs/WaterAuditSoftware.cfm
 Simple, user friendly: good for top-down audit
 “Beta tested” by 21 water utilities during 2005
 WLC Committee provides user support for the
software; updated version is forthcoming
AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet
Back to Instructions
Copyright © 2006, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
?
Click to access def inition
Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department
Reporting Year: 2004
Pleas e enter data in the white cells below. Where pos s ible, m etered values s hould be us ed; if m etered values are unavailable pleas e es tim ate a value.
Indicate this by s electing a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = m eas ured (or accurately known value) and E = es tim ated.
ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES
WATER SUPPLIED
Volume from own sources:
Master meter error adjustment:
Water Imported:
Water Exported:
95,526.0
695.4
0.0
7,210.2
million gallons (US) per year
.
.
.
.
89,011.2
million gallons (US) per year
?
M
M
M
?
E
.
57,535.2
0.0
179.3
693.6
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
?
58,408.1
million gallons (US) per year
30,603.1
million gallons (US) per year
1,145.2
162.5
2,751.2
4,058.9
million gallons (US) per year
?
M
?
M
?
M
M
.
?
WATER SUPPLIED:
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
Billed metered:
Billed unmetered:
Unbilled metered:
Unbilled unmetered:
?
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:
.
under-registered
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
.
.
WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption)
.
.
Apparent Losses
.
Unauthorized consumption:
Customer metering inaccuracies:
Data handling errors:
Apparent Losses:
?
E
?
E
?
E
.
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
million gallons (US) per year
Real Losses
Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses):
.
.
.
26,544.2
million gallons (US) per year
WATER LOSSES:
.
.
.
.
30,603.1
million gallons (US) per year
.
31,476.0
million gallons (US) per year
NON_REVENUE WATER
NON-REVENUE WATER:
.
SYSTEM DATA
.
.
Length of mains:
Number of active AND inactive service connections:
Connection density:
Average length of private pipe:
?
?
.
E
.
Average operating pressure:
?
E
?
M
M
3,160.0
548,289
174
12.0
miles
conn./mile main
ft
(pipe length between curbstop
and customer meter or property
55.0
psi
.
COST DATA
.
.
Total annual cost of operating water system:
Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses) :
Variable production cost (applied to real losses) :
?
M
?
M
?
M
$167,604,000
$3.95
$133.58
$/Year
$/1000 gallons (US)
$/million gallons (US)
DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary:
- Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated. You have entered:
12 as measured values
6 as estimated values
0 without specifying measured or estimated
- It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured
- Cost Data: No problems identified
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Financial Indicators
Non-revenue water as percent by volume:
Non-revenue water as percent by cost:
Annual cost of Apparent losses:
Annual cost of Real Losses:
35.4%
11.7%
$16,012,518
$3,545,768
Operational Efficiency Indicators
Apparent losses per service connection per day:
20.28 gallons/connection/day
Real losses per service connection per day*:
132.64 gallons/connection/day
Real losses per length of main per day*:
Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure:
?
?
Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL):
Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]:
* only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated
N/A
2.41 gallons/connection/day/psi
5.98 million gallons/day
12.17
AWWARF Project 2811 – Evaluating Water Loss and
Planning Loss Reduction Strategies
 Identified IWA/AWWA
Water Audit
Methodology has
current best practice
 Provides strategies for
using water audit
information to guide
development of loss
control strategy
www.awwa.org/bookstore/product.cfm?id=91163
AWWARF Project 2928: Constructing District Metered
Area 5 in Philadelphia - September 2006
Chamber with Pressure Reducing
Valve, controller & flowmeter
Final Research Report – Late 2007
State of Texas
 House Bill 3338 (2003) required
water audits from water utilities for
2005 operations
 Texas Water Development Board
selected IWA/AWWA Water Audit
Method
 Over 2,000 water audits collected
in early 2006
 Findings confirmed that many
water utilities have never tracked
water efficiency data
 New operational data collection
protocols should be established in
these systems
Report on evaluation of data can be found at:
http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/RWPG/rpfgm_rpts.asp
Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning
District (MNGWPD)
 Part of Atlanta Regional
Commission; oversees +60
water utilities in multi-county
Atlanta area
 Adopted IWA/AWWA Water
Audit Method in following with
AWWA
 Requires utilities to submit water
audits via AWWA Free Water
Audit Software
 Developed training program
around the software; moving to
leakage management training
www.northgeorgiawater.com/files/WSWC_SECTION8.PDF
Delaware River Basin Commission
 Intra-state agency
encompassing
Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
New York, Delaware and
US Army Corps of
Engineers
 DRBC’s Water Management Advisory Committee has
recommended revisions of the DRBC Water Code to
incorporate the IWA/AWWA Water Audit Method.
Approval by DRBC commissioners expected late 2007
 Once implemented, looking to collect water audits –
initially on a volunteer basis; mandatory by 2012
California
 California Urban Water
Conservation Council
– Consortium of large water
utilities that agree to
implement best management
practices for water
conservation
– Currently revising BMP3 for
“System Water Audits, Leak
Detection and Repair”
 California Public Utilities
Commission anticipates
following CUWCC’s new
BMP3
CUWCC also spearheaded
creation of national Alliance
for Water Efficiency
New Mexico – Office of the State Engineer
 Adopted IWA/AWWA
Water Audit Method
and advocates use of
software
 Sponsored pilot water
audit and study in
small water utility
(Gallup, NM)
See website references at:
www.ose.state.nm.us/water-info/conservation/h2o-tech-assist.html
Summary
 The US drinking water industry
will face challenges of resource
shortages, aging infrastructure
and funding needs
 To address these, water supply
efficiency should become a
standard business practice
 AWWA is actively promoting
the IWA/AWWA Water Audit
Method and providing tools for
its use
 A number of state/regional
agencies are already
embracing these methods and
applying them to promote
water supply efficiency