Transcript Becoming a World Power, 1880–1917 Expansionism shapes U.S. foreign policy and leads to the acquisition of new territories. Detail of Theodore Roosevelt leading his Rough Riders at the.

Becoming a World Power,
1880–1917
Expansionism shapes
U.S. foreign policy
and leads to the
acquisition of new
territories.
Detail of Theodore Roosevelt leading his
Rough Riders at the storming of San
Juan Hill, Cuba, on July 1, 1898.
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Becoming a World Power,
1880–1917
SECTION 1
The United States Continues to Expand
SECTION 2
The Spanish-American War
SECTION 3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
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Section 1
The United States
Continues to Expand
The United States expands its interest in
world affairs and acquires new territories.
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SECTION
1
The United States
Continues to Expand
Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Imperialism—stronger nations extend control over
weaker nations
• European nations have been establishing colonies
for centuries
• 3 factors help fuel development of American
imperialism:
- economic interests
- military interests
- belief in cultural superiority
Chart
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SECTION
1
Seward and Alaska
• Secretary of State William Seward arranges
purchase of Alaska (1867)
• Purchase is widely criticized, turns out to be great
bargain for U.S.
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SECTION
The Annexation of Hawaii
1
• By late 1800s, wealthy planters dominate Hawaii’s
economy
•
Chart
Hawaiian leader Queen Liliuokalani
wants to limit planters’ power . So
American planters depose (remove
from office suddenly and forcefully)
her.
Queen Liliuokalani resigned from her
position as queen to protect her
people against American sugar
growers
• Planters, U.S.
Marines overthrow
queen, set up own
government
• Hawaii becomes U.S. state in 1898
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Grover Cleveland
•Became President and did not approve
of the planters’ actions and withdrew
the treaty
•He opposed the annexation of Hawaii
to the United States
Section 2
The Spanish-American
War
Independence movements in Spanish
colonies lead to the Spanish-American
War in 1898.
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The
Spanish American
colonies at their
maximum extent
(after the Peace of
Paris, 1783)
The Columbus balcony at the Alcazar in Segovia, Spain.
Columbus was an Italian who sailed for Spain.
SECTION
2
The Spanish-American War
One American’s Story
•Jose Marti’s lifelong struggle for Cuba’s
independence made him the symbol of
liberty throughout Latin America.
Rebellion Against Spain
• By 1890s, Spain has few colonies, Philippines,
Cuba, Puerto Rico
• In 1895, Cubans revolt, Spain uses harsh methods
to suppress revolt
Image
• Methods anger Americans, rebellion disrupts U.S.
trade with Cuba
• U.S. newspapers describe, sometimes exaggerate,
Spanish cruelty
• Newspapers use sensational style of writing called
yellow journalism
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The United States Goes to War
SECTION
2
President McKinley did not want the
U.S. to go to war with Spain
• President McKinley demands Spain stop harsh
treatment of Cubans
• Sends U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to protect U.S.
citizens there
• Maine explodes, killing 260 sailors, Spain blamed
• “Remember the Maine!” becomes a call to arms
• McKinley demands Cuba’s independence,
withdrawal of Spain’s troops
• Spain refuses, Spanish-American War begins
Image
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The Media Had a Role in Causing the
Spanish-American War
1. They shaped American public opinion in
favor of Cuba
2. They exaggerated new stories about
Spanish cruelty in Cuba
3. They blamed Spain for the sinking of the
battleship U.S.S. Maine
SECTION
2
Map
The War in the Philippines
• Filipinos revolt against Spanish rule (1890s)
• U.S. Commodore George Dewey in contact with
rebel leader
• Spanish-American War begins, Dewey, fleet head
to Manila, Philippines
•
U.S. fleet destroys Spanish fleet at
battle in Manila Bay (1898) in the
Philippine Islands. This was the 1st
major battle of the Spanish-American
War
• U.S. troops, Filipino rebels take control of Manila
in August
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2
The War in the Caribbean
SECTION
Map
•When the Spanish-American War began,
Theodore Roosevelt resigned his
government post and volunteered to fight.
•
Theodore Roosevelt sets up 1st U.S. Volunteer
Cavalry—Rough Riders
•Rough Riders included cowboys, miners, college
students, New York policemen, athletes, and Native
Americans
•
Rough Riders, and other soldiers capture San Juan
Hill, near Santiago
• Santiago surrenders,
U.S. forces take
Puerto Rico, Spain
signs truce
• American ships destroy Spanish
fleet in
Santiago Harbor
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SECTION
2
Results of the War
• Spain gives up colonies, signs peace treaty (1898)
Filipinos fought alongside American soldiers
because they believed they were fighting for
their independence
• Philippines becomes U.S. colony, Filipino revolt
against U.S. subdued
•
U.S. leaders require Cuba to sign and add the
Platt Amendment to its constitution:
- it allows the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs
if life, property, liberty threatened
- allows U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay
• Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory
• Grants U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans
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SECTION
2
The Anti-Imperialist League
• Many people object to U.S. treatment of Spain’s
former colonies
• Anti-Imperialist League members believe:
- U.S. should not deny other people
self-government
• League’s opinions lost in approval for SpanishAmerican War
Luis Munoz Rivera helped Puerto Rico to
gain an independent government
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Section 3
U.S. Involvement
Overseas
In the early 1900s, the United States expands
its involvement in Asia and Latin
America.
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SECTION
3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
A Power in the Pacific
• U.S. acquires Hawaii, Guam, Philippines in
the Pacific
• Many Americans want profits from Asian
markets, resources
• Others want U.S. to extend its democracy, culture
to Asia
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SECTION
3
The United States in China
Commodore Mathew Perry opened U.S. trade with
Japan in the 1850’s. It opened Japan to Western
ideas.
• Japan, European powers expand their spheres of influence in China
• Spheres of influence—areas where foreign powers claim special
rights
John Hay responded to Japanese and European
expansion of their spheres of influence in China
by asking nations involved in the region to follow
an Open Door Policy
• Most foreign powers in China accept U.S. Open Door Policy
(1899):-no single country should have monopoly on trade with
China
• The
people of China resisted foreign control
in a violent uprising known as the Boxer
Rebellion.
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SECTION
3
The Panama Canal
• U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic,
Pacific Oceans
•
•
Columbia refuses to grant the U.S. the
right to build a canal across its
territory.
T. Roosevelt sent the U.S. Navy to Columbia to help
a revolution succeed; new nation Panama created
(1903)
• Panama gives U.S. strip of land—Canal Zone, U.S.
pays Panama
• U.S. builds Panama Canal—shortcut connects
Atlantic, Pacific
• In 1921, U.S. pays Columbia for loss of Panama
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SECTION
3
Building the Canal
• Building the canal is difficult, land swampy, malaria
common
• More than 45,000 workers labor for years on canal,
finished in 1914
• Canal cost $352 million, more than 5,000 workers
die building it
Chart
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SECTION
3
U.S. Involvement in Latin America
• U.S. buys food, raw materials cheap in
Latin America:
- bananas, coffee, copper
• Ship goods to U.S., sell for higher price
• U.S. buys large amounts of land in Latin American
for farming, mining
• Wants political stability, no European intervention
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SECTION
3
Policing the Hemisphere
• President Roosevelt’s foreign policy, “Speak softly,
but carry a big stick”
•
Adds the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe
Doctrine (1904):
- allows U.S. leaders to intervene in Latin
American
affairs if needed and authorizes U.S.
•
to act as “policeman” in the region
• President Taft urges U.S. investment in Latin America
Continued . . .
• Sends troops to Nicaragua to protect investments
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SECTION
3
continued
Policing the Hemisphere
• President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution
Image
•
Poncho Villa raids towns in the
American Southwest causing the
U.S. president to send troops into
Mexico after him.
• Americans see U.S. as a good police officer in
Latin America
• Latin Americans see U.S. as imperial power
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