Transcript GVCs and International Technology Transfer (ITT) Geneva, 28 June 2012 [email protected] Transfer Channels • Trade in products (goods and services) • Foreign Direct Investment (MNEs) •

GVCs and International
Technology Transfer (ITT)
Geneva, 28 June 2012
[email protected]
Transfer Channels
• Trade in products (goods and services)
• Foreign Direct Investment (MNEs)
• Trade in knowledge (technology
licensing)
• Intra-national and international
movement of people
World exports of goods
and commercial services, 1980-2011
Global supply chains and world trade
Billions of US$
Intermediate goods dominate world non-fuel
merchandise exports
2009 value
Sources: UNSD and WTO
Exports of capital-intensive, labour-Intensive
and high-tech goods, 1990 and 2010
Value ($bn)
Capital-intensive goods1) Labour-intensive goods1)
1990
2010
1990
2010
World
Developed economies
Developing economies1)
572
517
2242
1532
631
465
2273
1129
285
247
1293
689
55
710
166
1144
38
603
Share (%)
Capital-intensive goods2) Labour-intensive goods2)
1990
2010
1990
2010
World
Developed economies
Developing economies1)
High-tech goods1)
1990
2010
High-tech goods2)
1990
2010
100
90
100
68
100
74
100
50
100
87
100
53
10
32
26
50
13
47
Source: UN Comtrade and WTO estimates.
1) For 2010: includes available data for CIS economies.
Share of
high complexity
intermediate goods
in total
exports/imports
of intermediate goods
Source: Trade patterns
and global value chains in
East Asia, WTO/IDE/Jetro
2011
COSTA RICA: PARTICIPATION IN GVC
• Attracting FDI
• 5 sectors (electronics, medical
devices, automotive,
aeronautic/aerospace,
film/broadcasting devices
• Some 60 firms accounting for around
40 per cent of CR’s total exports
Source: Monge-Ariño (2011), ERSD-2011-9
SmileyFace
Value
Added
(Source: Business Week International online extra, May 16, 2005,
Stan Shih on Taiwan and China)
Added
Value
Customer
services
Standardization
Innovation
Brand
R&D
Marketing
Design
Logistics
Manufacture Assembly
Services
Goods and services
Services
Production
process
Exports of R&D services
2010
Extra EU (27): Imports of R&D services
from selected partners
Source: Eurostat.
Source: WTO, 2012, 15 Years of the ITA
Receipts of royalties and licence fees
Exports of C&IS and OBS, 2000-2010
RECAP
• Trade pattern:
– Shift to trade in high-tech goods
– Complexity of intermediate goods trade up
– Import content of exports up
• Innovation
– R&D and R&LF
• Movement of people (technical and
managerial staff)
…these are all signs for an increase of
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